八年级Unit2(1)

Unit 2 Ill help clean the city parks.语法（一） 动词不定式l 动词不定式的基本形式是“_+_”,有时可以不带to。动词不定式在句子中不能作谓语，没有_和_的变化。动词不定式仍保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的_和_。例如：to put off my plan, to teach kids; to work in an animal hospital, to speak at the meeting.l 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句中可以作主语、_、_、表语和定语。a. 不定式作宾语动词不定式可以用在一些及物动词之后作宾语。 We need to come up with a plan for the City Park Clean-Up Day. I hope to work outside. 【小结】巧记接动词不定式作宾语的动词三个希望（hope，wish，expect）两需要（want，need），设法（try）同意（agree）作准备（prepare）。开始（start，begin）计划（plan）莫忘记（forget），记着（remember）决定（decide）能学会（learn）。n She _ _ borrow my bike yesterday.昨天她想借我的自行车。n They began _ _ the English song Lonely.他们开始唱英语歌寂寞b. 动词不定式作状语不定式作状语时，常表示目的、结果、原因、条件等，通常放在它所修饰的动词之后。 She still works there once a week to help kids learn to read. They came up with some ideas to cheer up sick children. We are working hard to make a better life. He stopped _ _ a rest.他停下来休息。 We eat_ _，but not live _ _.我们吃饭是为了生存,但生存不是为了吃饭。c. 动词不定式作宾语补足语 We could each ask 10students to come. Mario believe it can help him to get his future dream job. 【小结】不定式作宾语补足语时，宾语与不定式构成复合宾语，宾语是不定式的逻辑主语。常用此结构的有advise/ ask /want/tell/ allow/ encourage/ invite/ would like/ expect/ need/ wish sb. to do sth. I like you_ _ everything tidy.我喜欢你们使每件东西都保持整洁。 Mother asked him _ _ _TV.妈妈叫他把电视机关掉。【观察】I see the animals get better.Let me tell you my story. She made the boy go to bed early. 【小结】感官动词如feel, see, hear, watch, notice, listen to, look at 等以及使役动词make, have, let 等在跟不定式作宾语补足语时省略不定式符号to。记牢宾补不带to，一感、二听要仔细。三让四看记心间，半个帮助最相宜。（一感：feel；二听：hear，listen to；三让：let，make，have；四看：see，watch，look at，notice；半个帮助：help，可带to也可不带）【观察】Tell him not to be late.I tried not to wake them up.My parents asked me not to stay up. 【小结】1）动词不定式的否定形式由“_+_”构成。2）省to的动词不定式的否定式是直接在动词前面加not. 例：Let the boy not go.动词+疑问词+ to He wants to learn about how to care for animals. In their free time, they think about what to do for fun. Nobody told us _ _ _ next.没有人告诉我们接下去做什么。 He showed me _ _ _the new mobile phone. 他向我演示怎样使用这个新手机。 The question is _ _ _.问题是什么时候开始。【延伸】1.不定式作主语【观察】Its not easy for me to make friends. = To make friends is not easy for meIts always interesting to watch people show their talents. =To watch people show their talents is always interesting To make a plan first is a good idea. =_ _ a good idea to make a plan first.句型It is + adj. + for + sb.+_.表示对某人来说做某事怎么样。 运用：连词成句help their parents, to, for, important, It, children, with housework is._.2.不定式作定语【观察】 Volunteering our time to help these people is a good way to spend our free time.He now has 16 bikes to fix up and give away to children who dont have bikes.【小结】不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。 She did not have much money _ _.她没有很多的钱可以花。 I have a lot of work _ _.我有很多工作要干。 There is no more room _ _ in.再也没有地方可住了。语法（二）动词短语【观察】 They cheered up Jimmy. They cheered Jimmy up. They cheered him up. He handed out notices.He handed notices out. He handed them out. She gave away all her old books. She gave all her old books away. She gave them away. He woke up his daughter. He woke up his daughter. He woke her up. I gave most of my books away when I left college. I gave away most of my books when I left college.I gave them away when I left college.【小结】cheer up(使变得高兴), hand out(分发；散发),give away(赠送), wake up(唤醒)等动词+副词构成的短语，名词作宾语可放在中间或后面，代词作宾语只能放在_。a. 动词+副词 put off, put up, put away, turn on/ off/ up/ down. mix up, look up, clean up, pick up, make up虚构；编造(故事、谎言等), eat up吃光, use up 用完b. 动词+介词 listen to, care for, look for, think about,c. 动词+副词+介词 look forward to, come up with, catch up withd. 动词+名词+介词 pay attention toe. be动词+形容词+介词 be different from, be interested in, be angry with, be worried about, be similar to, be good at【检测反馈】I. 单项选择1. Our teacher often asks us _ questions in groups. A. discuss B. to discuss C. discussing D. discussed2. Mary is very generous. Yes, she gave away all her money she owned_ people in need. A. to help B. helped C. helping3. He made us_ by making faces. A. to laugh B. laugh C. laughed4. The boys volunteer three hours_ up the park near their school. A. cleaning B. to clean C. cleaned5. Tina, I have something important _ you. A. telling B. tell C. to tell6. You should pay attention to _ from others. A. learn B. leaning C. learns7. Mary called and asked her husband _ home at once, because she locked their daughter in the home. A. to leave B. leave C. to go D. go8. I will go to Harbin for my summer vacation. What about you? I havent decided where _. A. go B. went C. going D. to go II用所给动词的适当形式填空9. If you cant read the words, you need _ (look) them up in the dictionary.10. Could you tell me what _(do) next?11. The old man told us_(not swim) in the river.12. It was difficult for him _ (remember) all the things.13. I want _ (become) a policeman one day. 14. He wants the students _ (eat) well. 15. The teacher made his students _ (come) into the meeting room on time. 16. The boy was free _ (go) where he liked. 17. Nobody tells him what _ (do) next. 常用短语及用法1.由put引导的短语put away把放好 put off推迟，拖延 put on穿上，把放在上put up举起，表现出，张贴 put down记下，放下 put into把放入，把翻译成 put out放出，伸出2. 由give引导的短语give up放弃 give in屈服，让步give out分发，散发；用尽，耗尽 give away捐赠，赠送；分发give back归还，恢复 give off发出，放出3.由call 引导的短语call on访问（某人）；号召；要求 call up打电话给；使人想起call in找来，请来 call for需要，要求 call at访问(某处)；(车，船等)停靠(某处)4.由take 引导的短语take back拿回；使疑惑 take after像 take away拿走，减去 take down写下，记下；拆卸 take up占据空间 take over接过；接管 take off脱下；飞机起飞5. 由look 引导的短语look after照顾，照料 look for寻找，找 look at看look into调查；向里看 look out小心 look through浏览，快速地看look out of向外看 look like看起来像 look up查找，查询；向上看6.由turn引导的短语turn up把(音量)开大；出现，到达 turn on打开 turn off关掉(煤气、水、电等)turn down把(音量)关小；拒绝 turn over翻转，翻身 turn to向求助；转向turn in归还，就寝 turn out结果是，证明是；生产重点短语1. cheer (sb.) up使(某人)高兴、振作 如：cheer me up使我高兴2. clean up打扫clean-up n.打扫3. homeless adj.无家可归的a homeless boy一个无家可归的男孩4. sickadj.生病的作表语、定语 e.g. The boy is sick. He is a sick boy. illadj.生病的作表语，不能作定语 e.g. The boy is ill.5. volunteer可数名词“志愿者”adj.自愿的 vi. volunteer to do sthe.g. They are the Chinese Peoples Volunteers.他们是中国人民志愿军。I volunteer to help you.我自愿帮助你6. come up with提出想出= think up想出 7. put off doing推迟做某事8. write down写下记下 9. call up打电话 =make a telephone call打电话10. set up成立建立 = establish e.g. The new hospital was set up in 2000.11. help sb. (to) do帮助某人做某事help him (to) study help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事help him with English12. run out与run out ofrun out (become used up).其主语往往为物。如时间，食物，金钱，油等，本身就含有被动意义。 e.g. His money soon ran out.他的钱很快就花光了。 My patience has completely run out.我没有一点耐心了。run out of主语为人，表示主动含义。e.g. He is always running out of money before pay day. 两者在一定条件下可以互换如：The petrol is running out.汽油快用完了 = We are running out of petrol.我们快把汽油用完了。 Our time is running out.我们剩下的时间不多了。= We are running out of time13.take after (在外貌、性格等方面)与(父母等)相像be similar to与.相像take after相像look after照顾take care of照顾14. 1) used to do sth.过去常常做某事； 表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作或状态，暗指现在已经不存在。used无人称和时态的变化。 e.g. I used to go to the Youth Center. But I have no time now. My mother used_（tell）us stories when we were young.( ) He used to _short and _ short hair when he was young. A. have; be B. be; have C. be; be D. have; have2) be /get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事 My grandpa is used _(live) in country. 3) be used to do sth 被用来做某事=be used for doing sth Stamps is used _(post) letters.( ) My brother used to _ up late, but now he is used to _ up early.A. get ; get B. getting; get C. get; getting D. getting; getting( ) Keys are used _ the door. A. to open B. to opening C. open D. opening【记】 He used to wear glasses . But now he is used to wearing contact lenses. 他以前常戴（框架）眼镜，但现在习惯戴隐形眼镜。15.词语辨析: alone & lonely 1) lonely adj.(lonelier, loneliest) 孤独的；寂寞的a lonely child孤寂的孩子e.g. Sam was very lonely when he first moved to New York.萨姆刚搬到纽约时非常寂寞。She lives alone and often feels lonely.她孑然一身，常感到寂寞。2) alone, by yourself较非正式、常用于英语口语的 on ones own、by oneself 均指独自，但无孤独之意：I like being alone in the house.我喜欢独自一人待在家里。Im going to London by myself next week.我准备下星期一个人去伦敦。 There are many_people who just want to talk. 有很多只想找人倾诉的孤独的人。 They care for the_, the lost, the unloved. 他们照顾孤独的人、失落的人和缺少爱的人。 I was _ but I didnt feel_我独自一人，但我并不感到孤独。 I dont like going out_ after dark. 我不愿意天黑后独自外出。I like to work _. 我喜欢独自一人工作。Its dangerous for a girl to go out _ at night. 16. thank you for doing谢谢做某事 如：thank you for helping me谢谢做帮助我17. help sb. out帮助做事，解决难题(摆脱困境) e.g.I cant work out this math problem. Please help me out.18. train n.火车train v.训练 train sb. to do.训练某人做某事 e.g. She trains her dog to fetch things.她训练她的狗去取东西。19. at once = right away立刻马上如：Do it at once.马上去做。20. hand out分发hand out bananasgive out分发give out sth to sb.分.给某人give up doing放弃give up smoking放弃吸烟give away赠送捐赠give away sth. to . give away money to kidsgive sb. sth.给某人某东西give me money给我钱give sth. to sb.给某人某东西give money to me给我线21. disabled adj.肢体有残疾的disabled people残疾人disable v.不能 Though he is _(able) , Liu Wei made his dream to be a pianist come true.【加前缀dis- 构成的派生词】 dislike 不喜欢 disorder 无秩序 dishonest 不诚实 disappear 消失22. I was able to bring him home. 我可以把它带回家了。【解析】 be able to 能够词条适用时态人称和数例句be able to用于各种时态有人称和数的变化I will be able to dress more casually.can用于现在时或过去时（could）没有人称和数的变化I could swim at the age of seven.=I was able to swim at the age of seven.Lucy could read story book at the age of four.（同义替换） A.is able to B. was able to C. should D. would (1) be able to do sth.意为:能做某事。但只表示能力，用于各种时态。 (2 ) can可表能力，请求，许可，猜测等。但只有can和could两种形式。但表过去通过努力做成某事，要用was/ were able to，（相当于succeeded in doing，而不用could;未能做成，既可用wasn t /werent able to也可一用。couldnt。）如: I am able to speak English well now. = I _ speak English now. We _ able to get there at last, but we couldnt/werent able to catch the last bus. 1) Hes able to swim.= He _ _. 2) She was able to speak Japanese. = She _ _ Japanese. 3) They will _ come to see me in 3 days. A. can B. be able to C. could 4) I want to be an astronaut, then Ill _ to the moon.A. can fly B. be able to fly C. can flying D. be able to flying练习一、单项选择。1. Hi, Nick. Could you please _ the picture on the wall!A. pick up B. look up C. get up D. put up 2. His grandparents live _ in a small house, but they dont feel _.A. lonely, alone B. alone, lonely C. lonely, lonely D. alone, alone3. -Are you collecting any old warm clothes with teachers? -Yes, we will _ to the poor students in a village school.A. give it away B. give them away C. give away it D. give away them.4. Its hard to _ living in a place where there are no telephones or cars.A. know B. realize C. imagine D. think5. The Internet makes _ possible for everyone to get education anywhere and anytime.A. it B. this C. that D. them6. My mother asked me _ in bed.