牛津高中英语18模块重点词汇讲解二

牛津高中英语18模块重点词汇讲解（二）,11.survive(P50,M2):Ofthe2,200peopleontheship,only705survived.,survive,Usage1:不及物，幸存，残存，活下来e.g.:(1)Hesurvivedinthedesertforaweekonbiscuitsandwater.在沙漠中，他靠饼干和水维持了一周。,(2)Veryfewoftheseoldcoinssurvive.这些古币几乎都失传了。(3)-Howcanyoucopewiththishugeamountofwork?-Dontworry;Illsurvive.你如何能够处理这么多工作？别担心，我应付得来。,Usage2:vt.,比活得长;经历之后还存在e.g.:(1)Fewbuildingssurvivedthefire.火灾过后，建筑物所剩无几。(2)Shesurvivedhersons.她活得比她的儿子们长。,(3)Thegovernmentisunlikelytosurvivethenextelection.这届政府不可能逃过下届选举这一关。,扩展：survival,Usage1:【U】，幸存，残存；生存e.g.:(1)Hopesarefadingforthesurvivalofthemissingclimbers.失踪的登山队员幸存的希望越来越渺茫了。(2)fightingforherpoliticalsurvival为政治生存而斗争,Usage2:【C】，残存物；遗迹，遗风e.g.:Thefashionisasurvivalfromthe1970s.这种款式是上世纪70年代的遗风。,扩展：survivalkit救生箱（包）（装有维持生命必需品供陷入无助境地的人自救的救生用具）,扩展：survivalofthefittest适者生存,扩展：survivor幸存者，残存着，生还者e.g.:(1)Therewasonlyonesurvivorfromtheplanecrash.在这起飞机坠毁事件中，只有一个幸存者。(2)Dontworryabouthim;hesasurvivor.别为他担心，他能对付一切。,12.prove(P58,M2):Hetookallkindsofteststoprovethathewasqualifiedforthisimportanttask.,prove,Usage1:vt.，证明，证实e.g.:(1)Inordertoproveherpoint,shesheshowedthemthelatestsalesfigure.为了证明自己的观点，她向他们出示了最新的销售数据。,(2)Thefingerprintsonthegunprovedconclusivelythatshewasthemurderer.枪上的指纹最终证明了她就是谋杀者。,Usage2:L.v,被证明是,被表明是，显示出是,类似turnoute.g.:(1)Onthelongjourneyheprovedamostamusingcompanion.漫长的旅途证明他是一位非常有趣的同伴。,(2)Theserevelationscouldprovehighlyembarrassingforthegovernment.揭露出来的这些事情可能会令政府非常尴尬。,13.observe(P2,M3):AsPollyobservedthepassengersonthetrain,shesensedthatshewasbeingwatchedbyatallmaninadarkcoat.,observe,Usage1:vt.,towatchwithcarefulattention观察，监视，观测e.g.:(1)toobservethestars观察星相(2)Thepolicehavebeenobservinghismovements.警察一直在观察他的一举一动。,Usage2:vt.,toseeandnoticee.g.:(1)Didyouobserveanythingunusualinhisbehavior?你有没有注意到他有反常的行为？,(2)Iobservedthattheywerelate.我注意到他们迟到了。(3)Theypoliceobservedhimenterenter/enteringthebankwithashotgun.警察注意到他持枪进入了银行。,Usage3:及物动词，遵守，奉行（法律、习俗等）e.g.:(1)toobservethespeedlimit遵守限速令(2)DoyouobserveChristmas?你们过圣诞吗？,Usage4:vt.,tomakearemark;saye.g.:(1)“Thatsodd,”heobserved.“那很奇怪，”他评论道。(2)Heobservedthatitwasodd.他评论说那很奇怪。,14.contribute(P22,M3):ManyfactorscontributedtothedevelopmentofthisnewtypeofEnglish.,contribute,Usage1:vi.(to)tohelpincausingasituation,event,orconditione.g.:(1)Variousfactorscontributedtohisdownfall.很多因素导致了他的失败。,(2)Thisadvertisingcampaignhassignificantlycontributedtothesuccessofthenewcar.广告宣传极大地促成了这款新车的成功销售。,Usage2:vt./vi.，捐献；捐助；贡献出；出一分钱；出一份力e.g.:Icontributed(apound)toJanesleavingpresent.我为简的送别礼物出了钱/一英镑。,Usage3:vt./vi.,（给杂志、报纸等）撰稿，投稿e.g.:Sheregularlycontributestothecollegemagazine.她定期向校报投稿。,扩展：contributionmakeacontributionto(doing)sth.,15.access(P29,M3):Today,thespreadof“borrowedwords”isduetoeasilyaccessedtelevisionandradioprogramsfromacrosstheworld,andtheInternet.,access,Usage1:vt.,toreach,enterorusesth.e.g.:Theloftcanbeaccessedbyaladder.通过一架梯子可以上阁楼。,Usage2:【U】,进入；入口e.g.:Theonlymeansofaccesstothebuildingisalongamuddytrack.进入这栋楼的唯一通道是一条泥泞的小径。,Usage3:【U】取得（接近）的方法(权利等)e.g.:(1)Studentsneedaccesstobooks.学生们需要有获得书的途径/方法。(2)Myex-husbandhasaccesstothechildrenatweekends.我的前夫在周末时可以来看小孩。,(3)ItistheUNsdutytoprovideeverybodywitheasyaccesstocleandrinkingwater.让每个人得到干净的饮用水是联合国的责任。,扩展:accessibleadj.,Usage1:easytoreach,enter,orobtain容易达到的；易接近的；易取得的e.g.:Theislandisaccessibleonlybyboat.只能坐船去那座岛屿。,Usage2:adj.easyandfriendlytospeakto随和的；容易接近的e.g.:Amanagershouldbeaccessibletohis/herstaff.经理应对员工随和一些。,Usage3:inaformthatiseasytounderstand容易理解的，好懂的e.g.:Theinformationoughttobemademoreaccessible.应该让此信息变得更好理解。,16.remains(P43,M3):Svenfoundtheremainsofbuildingsburiedunderthesand,togetherwithalotoftreasures,suchascoins,paintedpots,silkmaterials,documentsandwallpaintings.,remain,Usage1:复数形式，partswhichareleft剩下的东西（部分）；遗址，遗迹e.g.:theremainsofdinner/ofanoldcastle剩饭菜/古城堡遗迹,Usage2:复数形式fml.,adeadbodye.g.:Hisremainslieinthechurchyard.他的尸体葬在教堂的墓园里。,扩展：remain,Usage1:不及物动词，比较正式，停留，留下：tostayortobeleftbehindafterothershavegone,beenlost,etc.,e.g.:(1)Sheremainedathometolookafterthechildrenwhenherhusbandwentout.丈夫出去的时候，她留在家里照看孩子们。,(2)Littleoftheoriginalarchitectureremains.原建筑物几乎没有了。(3)Theonlyremainingquestioniswhetherornotwecanraisethemoney.所剩的唯一问题是我们是否可以筹措到这笔资金。,Usage2:vi.,remain+to-v.e.g.:(1)Itsoundsagoodidea,butitremainstobeseenwhetheritwillsucceed.听起来不错，但是否会成功还有待于进一步去看。,(2)Severalthingsremaintobedone.还有好几件事情有待去做。(3)Itonlyremainsformetosaythat剩下我要说的就是,Usage3:连系动词，依然是，还是e.g.:(1)Heremainsaprisonerfortherestofhislife.他将在牢狱中度过余生。(3)Despitethedanger,sheremainedcalm.尽管情况危险，她还是很镇静。,(4)Imsorryyouretired,butthefactremainsthatthejobhastobedone,sohurryup!你累了，我很难过，但事实是工作必须有人来做，所以请快点吧！,17.intend(P2,M4):PSAsareofenplacedforfree,andareintendedtoeducatepeopleabouthealth,safety,oranyotherissuewhichaffectspublicwelfare.,intend,Usage1:intend/mean+obj.+for/as/to-v:tohaveaplanforsth.inonesmind为而准备；预定通常用于被动语态:beintended/meantfor/as/to-v,e.g.:(1)Thechairwasintended/meantforyou,butshetookitaway.椅子是为你准备的，但却被她拿走了。(2)Thatremarkwasintended/meantasajoke.那句话本只是个笑话。,ThebookisintendedforyoungadultsintheirfirstyearoflearningEnglish。这本书是为那些头一年学英语的成年人编写的。(2)Itwasintendedtobecookedslowly.这种食物本要用文火慢慢煮的。,(3)Thewriterclearlyintendshisreaderstoidentifywiththemaincharacter.显然，作者想要读者和主人公产生共鸣。,Usage2:tohaveinonesmindasaplanpurpose;meantodosth.计划，打算，想要e.g.:(1)Hetookitasaninsult,whichwasntatallwhatIhadintended.他认为那是侮辱，但我根本没有此意。,(2)Sheintendedtocatchtheearlytrain,butshedidntgetupintime.她本打算赶头班车，但她起晚了。(3)Iintendtoreportyoutothepolice.我打算向警察举报你。,(4)Itwasmeanttobeasurprise;Ididntintendyoutoseeitsosoon.这本应是个惊喜，我没想让你这么早看到。(5)Wedonotintendthattheyshouldknowatthisstage.我们不打算让他们在此阶段知情。,扩展：intention【C;U】意图,目的；打算e.g.:(1)Ihavenointentionofhelpinghimafterwhathesaidtome.听了他的话，我不打算帮他了。(2)Theywentintotownwiththeintentionofvisitingthelibrary.他们为了去图书馆而进了城。,(3)Itisourintentiontobethenumberonedistributorofhealthproduct.我们的目标是做保健品的第一大批发商。(4)Somuchforallourgoodintentions!让我们的一片好心到此为止吧！,mit(P3,M4):Oneoftheseis“Smokingiscommittingsuicideslowly.”,commit,Usage1:vt.,todosomethingwrongorillegale.g.:tocommitacrime/asin/suicide/murder犯罪/自杀/谋杀,Usage2:topromise(esp.oneself,onesproperty,etc.)toacertaincause,position,opinion,orcourseofaction使（尤指自己）承担义务；做出保证；承诺,e.g.:Thegovernmenthascommitteditselftoimprovinghealtheducationhascommittedconsiderableresourcestoimprovingtherailsystem.政府承诺要改善健康教育/要投入大量的资源改善铁路系统。,扩展:commitment【U;C】承诺；诺言承担的义务；忠诚；信奉；支持,e.g.:(1)Comeandlookroundourshopwithoutcommitmenttobuyanything.到我们店里来看看吧，并不一定要买什么。,(2)IdontwanttogetmarriedbecauseIdontwantanycommitments.我不想结婚，因为我不想承担任何责任。(3)Thecompanyssuccessthisyearwouldnothavebeenpossiblewithoutthecommitmentanddedicationofthestaff.没有员工的忠诚和热忱奉献，公司今年不可能获得成功。,Usage3:(to)fml.toputintoaparticularplaceorstate,e.g.inordertobekeptforfutureuseortobegotridof把置于某处；把置于某种状态下,e.g.:(1)Thebodywascommittedtotheflames.尸体被火化了。(2)Shecommittedthefactstowriting/topaper.她把这些事实记录了下来。(3)tocommitsth.tomemory记住,19.determine(P18,M4):Inordertodetermineyouraudience,youwillneedtodoalittleresearch.,determine,Usage1:及物动词，确定，测定e.g.:(1)todeterminethepositionofastar测定卫星的位置(2)Weshouldfirsttrytodeterminehowmuchitisgoingtocost.首先我们应该确定一下费用。,Usage2:vt.,fml.,to(causeto)formafirmintentionordecision（使)下决心;(使)做出决定,e.g.:(1)Wedeterminedtogoatonce.我们决定立刻出发。(2)Thecourtdeterminedthatthemanwasguiltyofassault.法庭作出决定，此人犯有人身侵害罪。,(3)Herencouragementdeterminedmetocarryonwiththework.她的鼓励让我下定把这项工作继续下去的决心。,Usage3:vt.,fml.,tohaveacontrollinginfluenceon,haveadirectandimportanteffecton限定；支配；规定；决定,e.g.:Theamountofrainfalldeterminesthesizeofthecrop.降水量决定收成的好坏。,扩展：determinedadj.havingastrongwill坚定的；坚决的；决意的,e.g.:(1)averydeterminedwomanwhoalwaysgetswhatshewants一个总能得到所想、意志坚定的女人(2)Iamdeterminedtogoandnothingwillstopme.我一定要去，什么都阻拦不了我。,比较:_totrainhisdaughterinEnglish,heputanadlikethisinthepaper,“_,anEnglishteacherforaten-year-oldgirl”.Determined;wantedDetermined;wantingC.Determining;wantedD.Determining;wanting,20.appeal(P18,M4):Itisimportanttoalwaystrytoappealtothewaytheaudiencewillreact.,appeal,Usage1:vi.,notinprogressiveforms,toplease,attract,orinterest使喜欢，吸引，使感兴趣,e.g.:(1)Doestheideaofworkingabroadappealtoyou?你对到国外工作感