现代大学英语精读

Lesson10BeforeandAfterSeptember11,-TaiMoses,TeachingAimsandRequirements,1.Whydoestheauthorusetwooppositebeforeandafter?2.Whichshouldgofirst,individualslibertyandfreedomorloyaltytoonescountry?3.Whatistheauthorsattitudetoward“NationalSecurity”?,Warm-up,Whydoestheauthorwritethearticle?,ThefirstparagraphonP152offersussomeinformationonthecircumstancesunderwhichtheauthorwrotethisarticle.Pleasesumupthebackgroundforthearticle.,Background,governmentsattitudeandpublicsreaction,91%oftheAmericanpublicconsideredsuchpolicytherightoneinguidingtheUnitedStatesalongthecorrectpath.,Publicsreaction,governmentslaw,Publicsreaction,“ThePatriotAct”authorizestheinterceptionofwire,oralandelectroniccommunicationsfortheproductionofevidenceanditauthorizestheFBItorequesttelephonetollandtransactionrecords,financialrecordsandconsumerreports.,26%-notenoughrestrictiononciviliberties60%-right,10%-gotoofar,governmentspoicy,Homelandsecuritybecomesatoppriority.BushAdministrationdeclaredwaronworldterrorism.Hesaid,“Americawilldowhatisnecessarytoensureournationssecurity.”,Dilemma,Undersuchcircumstancesitisverydifficultforonetoairdifferentviews.Anyonewhoexpressesviewsdifferentfromtheconservativemainstreamviewwouldbeaccusedofbeing“unpatriotic”or“anti-America”.ButtheAmericandemocratictraditionisstillthere.Therearestillsomeoutspokenpeople,suchastheauthorofthearticleunderourstudy.Heisputtinganotherapproachtowards9/11andholdsthatinordertowinthestruggleagainstterrorismabroaditisallthemorenecessarytostrengthen,nottoweaken,freedomanddemocracyathome.,PartI(paras1-6),ThissectiongivesageneraldescriptionofthechangeintheUnitedStatesafterSeptember11.“TheeventsofSeptember11dividedoutworldintotworadicallydifferenteras.”,.anewageofanxietywasborn.,Sep.11attackswerenotconsideredassingle,individualactionsbutpartofawell-coordinated,well-organizedplanofaterriristgroupwithglobalreach.Terriblethingsormoreterriblethingsmayfollow.,anxiety:astateoffeelinguneasyapprehensiveorworriedaboutwhatmayhappen;concernaboutapossiblefutureevent,Tworadicallydifferenteras,Thepre-9/11world,Thepost9/11era,Idyllic-peaceful,happySecuresafePeopletalkaboutitwithafeelingofdeeprespectandlovewhichcanonlybefoundintalkingaboutdeadpeople.,anastonishingnewlandscapeUnmappedwilderness-unclearandisfullofuncertainties,likeanuncultivated,wildregionthathasnotbeenexplored.,evidence?,WhatdoestheBushAdministrationdointhepost9/11era?,GuardsmenarestationedattheairportAirspaceoverYankeeStadiumisclosedThevice-presidentssafekeeperwhiskhimBinLadenispresumablymovedfromcavetocaveAnthraxpanicsendsCongressrunningfromitsChambers.Afiercebattleisbeingwagedforitspsychic,politicalandmaterialcapital.thestruggleforthesoulofthe21stcenturyabattalionofsecuritycratsandgeneralssreattemptingtocolonizethefuturewiththeirownrepressiveagenda.,Para2showsusthatAmericawasstrongandwellpreparedforfurtherterroristattacks.,Para4tellsusagainthatsecuritycratsandgeneralsinBushAdministrationaretakingtheleadintheviolentattack,Theauthorsopinion,Para5symbol圣像;象征,imageofgodorpersonthatisgreatlyloved偶像;神像,generalimpressionapersonorfirmgivestopublic形象,Whatarethetwokindsofpatriotisminpara.11?,文字内容,1,2,upholdingtheprincipleembodiedintheconstitutionpoliticalstabilityeconomicgrowthsocialprogress,displayoftheflag,intenselypatrioticirrationalemotion,PartIII(paras12-15),Whatistherelationshipbetweenthispartandthepreviouspart?,Theresultofnationalparanoiaisthehardeningofoutlook-.,waronterrorism,Sacrificethecivilliberties,Examples?,KeySentences,IthasnotbeenfashionableforsometimetoassignoracularqualitiestoOrwellsnovel,1984.(para12),givehiddenmeaningto赋予隐意/神谕,imprisonmentwithouttrial未经审讯即监禁,publicexecution公开处决,torturetoextractconfessions严刑拷打逼供,KeySentences,Butmanyofus.statesecurity.para.14(1)How,accordingtothewriter,domanyAmericansdefinetheirpersonalsafety(2)Whatwashappeningtotheseliberties,accordingtothewriter?,TheyconsiderthecivillibertiesembodiedintheBillofRightsandintheConstitutionasthemostimportantguaranteeofpersonalsafety.,Theyarebeingweakenedorcancelledbytheauthorityofnationalsecurity.Inotherwords,forthesakeofsecurityofthecountry,peoplearebeingaskedtogiveupsomeofthelibertiestheyenjoybylaw.,BillofRights,ThisisoneofthemostimportantprinciplesoftheConstitution.Basedontheconceptofthedignityoftheindividual,thisprinciplereversesthecommonnotionthattheindividualissubordinatetothestateanddeclaresthemostimportantcharacteristicofajustsocietyshouldbetherecognitionofindividualworth.TheBillofRightscontainsthemostsweepingandsubstantiveprotectionsfortheindividualrightsintheUS.Included,amongotherthings,arerightstofreedomofspeechandfreedomofthepress,therighttoarecognizableprocedureincriminallaw,andthefreedomofreligion.,BillofRights(cont.),TheBillofRights(thefirst10amendmentstotheConstitution)guarantees:freedomofreligionfreedomofspeechfreedomofthepressfreedomofassemblyandpetitionfreedomfromunreasonablesearchesrighttojurytrialrighttodueprocessoflawotherlegalrights,KeySentences,itissomethingweassociatewithrepressiveregimes,notwithparticipatorydemocracies.,WeareusedtothinkingthatWesterndemocraciespracticeruleoflawandindividualrightsandfreedomareprotectedbylaw.Violationofindividualrightsandsuppressionofdissentingvoicescanonlybefoundinrepressiveregimes.,para.15,Whatkindoflibertiesarecompromised?,athome,abroad,compromisethenationsintegrity,undermineAmericanincredibility,PartIV(paras16-19),shop,drop,attacks,Therampantmaterialism;Economicpatriotism,Accompanyingsymptoms,Separationandcompulsion,Istheauthorinfavorofthegovernmentsmeasure?,Largestoil-consumingcountry:U.S.A,Oil-producingcountries(Iraq,forexample),ReliesheavilyontheimportofoilfromtheGulfarea.,TheArabworldwouldturnagainstandcutofftheoilsupply,KeySentences,Therewasarelaxingoftherampantmaterialism,alongwithitsuglystepsistersisolationandcompulsion,thathasbeentheundoingofcommunityinthiscountry.(para18),lessserious,reducing,widespread,unstrained,causeofruin,downfallordestruction毁灭的原因,Peoplebegantoputlessemphasisonthepursuitofwealthandpossessionofworldlygoods(property).Andtheothertwodangeroussymptomsthatwentwithmaterialism,thatis,physicalseparationfromothersandirrationalbehaviorasaresultofimpulse,alsobecamelessserious.Materialism,togetherwiththeaccompanyingsymptomsofseparationandcompulsion,hadbeenthecauseoftheruinofcommunityinthiscountry.,before911,shoppingmalls,before911,200satellitechannels,gameboys,after911,materialism,togetherwiththeaccompanyingsymptonsofseparationandcompulsion,hadbeenthecauseoftheruinofthecommunityofthiscountry.,ThisFrankensteiniancreationassertsthatconsumptionisanAmericanvalue,extolsthenepentheanpowersofthedollarandineffect,discouragesnationalintrospectionatatimewhenitwouldbemostvaluable.,n.(据传说古希腊人用的)忘忧药,解忧烦之物,nepenthenepeni,atatimewhenitishighlyimportantforAmericanstolookintoourselvesandaskourselveswhy“theyhateus”,thisconceptdirectsourattentionandthinkingawayfromsuchanalysis.,allusion作法自毙或作茧自缚的臆造,changesafter911,gatheringwithothersandtalking,before911,singing,questioningandarguing,after911,PartV(paras20-23),HistoryslessonsSeptember11isbothuniqueandnotunique.Theattackisuniquebutthesufferingisnotunique.,9/11,Howtoviewtheattackinhistory?,KeySentences,Thereexistsnosuitableanalogyforthosemurderedbuildings,forthethousandsoflivessnuffedoutbysuicidalterroristsarmedwithboxcutters.,destroyorputanendtosth,Justanumberofsuicidalterroristsarmedwithboxcuttershijackedpassengerplanes,destroyedtheTwinTowersandkilledthousandsoflives.Suchterroristactshavenoprecedents.Youcannotfindanythingevenpartiallyresemblingsuchterroristattacks.September11isunique.Therehasneverbeenanythingthatresemblesit.,TheassasinationoftheAustrianheir-apprarentandhiswifeinSarajevoonJune28,1914wastheflashpointofWorldWarIResult-deathof10millionsoldiersand20millionwounded,surpriseattackonPearlHarborbroughtAmericaintoWWIIResult-4500Americansoldierskilledorwoundedthelossofliveswentupto90million,IsraelinvadedLebanononSep.15,1982,MassacretookplaeintwoPalestiniancamps.between200-800Palestinianmen,women,childrenwereslaughtered.,warsinmodernsociety,Historyisagalleryofunspeakablecrimes.,Historyrecordsmanycrimescommittedbyhumanbeingswhicharesoterriblethattheyarebeyonddescription.,sobad,evilorterribleastobebeyonddescription,Wetendtheseimageslikepoisonousflowersinanightmaregarden.-,Theatomicbombproducespoisonousfallout.Carbonmonoxide(CO)inPompeiiwasalsopoisonous.ThefinalsceneinHiroshimaorinPompeiiwasanightmare.Hencethecomparison.,52,Paragraph23,Content03,Content02,Content01,oursufferingfrom9/11isnotunique,ourunderstandingofthetragedymaynotbecorrect;,thepursuitofpeaceshouldstillbeournoblestgoal.,Thisparagraphisananswertothequestion“WhatmessagesdoHiroshimaandBabiYar,orDresdenandAntietan,haveforus?”,PartVI(Paras.24-28),Howdoestheauthorendthearticle?,Inapositivetone,WhatAmericansshoulddo,KeySentence,Isourdemocracysofragilethatfourairplanebombscanerode225yearsofliberty?,Parody仿拟,Islifesodearorpeacesosweet,astobepurchasedatthepriceofchainsandslavery?,-PatricHenry,难道生命如此珍贵,和平如此甜美,以至于不惜为此戴锁链,当奴隶吗?,Ithasneverbeenmoreclearthatwewillhavetrueandlastingsecuritywhentherestoftheworldhastrueandlastingsecurity.,before911,conflict,insecurity,rootcauseofterrorism,TherewillbenotruesecurityforAmericansunlessthereistruesecurityintherestoftheworld.Inotherwords,waronterrorismshouldaimateliminatingtherootcause:conflict,insecurity,povertyallovertheworld.Ifwecannotsolvetheseissues,wewillnothavelastingsecuritynomatterhowwestrengthenhomelanddefense.,keysentence,Heandhisfellowpassengersdidnotletwhatmusthvebeenabjectfearpreventthemfromacting-para.26,Itreferstothefearwhenpeoplefacedeath.Itusuallyparalysesthem,makingthemunabletotakeanyaction.,keysentence,Itisaterribleironythatforashorttime,.para.28,ItisanironybecausethehighpointoftheidealofAmericandemocracyislinkedwiththeforcingofthedown-crashofahijackedairplaneandthedeathofscoresofpeople.Itisterriblebecausegreatlossofhumanlivesisinvolved.Accordingtowriter,whatwasthebattlecry?Thebattlecrywas“welldosomethingaboutit”.Weknowweareallgoingtodiesomeday.Butthatshouldnotpreventusfromtakingactionforthebestinterestofallandfromtryingourbesttomakeabetter,saferworld.,当这架注定要摔下的飞机还在高空飞翔时，恰恰就在这短暂的时间里，美国的民主理想升华到顶峰。两者结合在一起真是一种可怕的讽刺。,Whatdoyouthinkoftheendingofthepiece?ThewriteruseswhathappenedonFlight93andThomasBurnettasshiningexamplestoshowthatthisisrealAmericanvalue.Thespiritofselflessness,thecourage,thedemocraticdecisionallpointtothequalitiesthatmakeAmericansAmerican.Inthiswaythearticleendsinapositivenote,pointingoutwhatAmericansshoulddo.,Discussion,Whatinsightdoyougetfromthepassage?Pleaseexplainyourideawithsomesupportingevidencefromthelesson.,ThisarticleisbasicallyarationalrethinkingoftheAmericansattitudeandtheAmericanspolicyafterthe911attack.TheauthortalksaboutthegeneralproblemsamongAmericanslikethegeneralanxiety,insecurity,andmaterialism