第12讲定语从句

第12讲定语从句,在阅读理解和完形填空题中，定语从句出现的频率较高，而且直接影响对句子意义的理解，所以我们要认真对待。其考查点主要集中在：1关系代词和关系副词的用法。2关系词的选用。3只能用关系代词that而不能用which的几种情况。,在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句通常放在先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引出。如图表所示：上面的music就是先行词(被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词)。常见的关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose等；关系副词有when,where,why等。,关系代词的选用,关系代词的定语从句值得注意的问题,1关系代词在句中可充当主语、宾语、定语等成分，只有充当宾语的关系词可省略，其它不可省。2当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词必须与先行词保持和数的一致。如：Helenisthepersonwho/thatwantstohelpus.Tomisoneoftheboyswho/thatarefromtheUSA.3只能用关系代词that不用which的情况：先行词是theone时。如：Thisistheonethatyouwant.Thisistheonethatyouwant.当先行词前被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。如：Thisisthefirststepthatcanbetaken.Itisthebestonethatyoumaychoose.,当先行词是不定代词anything,nothing,everything等时。如：Isthereanythingthatyouwanttoexplain?当先行词同时含有“人”和“物”时。如：Hetoldmethepeopleandthethingsthathappenedintheoldsociety.当先行词有theonly,thevery,thelast,thesame,all,any,many,much,no,none,little,few等词修饰时。如：ThisistheonlyreasonthatIcansay.HereareallthebooksthatIhave.当主句是who或which引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时。Whoisthegirlthatisstandingthere?WhichisthemachinethatweusedlastSunday?,关系副词的选用,关系副词的定语从句值得注意的问题,1由关系副词where,when引导的定语从句，有些可以转换成“介词which”形式。如：ThatistheschoolwhereIstudied.ThatistheschoolinwhichIstudied.Illneverforgetthedaywhenwegotmarried.Illneverforgetthedayonwhichwegotmarried.,2当先行词指时间或地点时，并不是都用关系副词where,when引导，有些可以用“which或that”引导。如：Thatistheschool(which/that)Ivisited.(不用where，因visit是及物动词，which/that在此处作宾语)Istillrememberthedays(which/that)wespentinShanghai.(不用when，因spent是及物动词，which/that在此处作宾语)因此，在选用关系词时，要注意关系词在句子中所做的句子成分，同时还要考虑该动词是及物动词还是不及物动词。,Thestory_Ireadthenewspaperwasaboutacommonproblemamongteenagers.()AwhoseBwhoCthatDwhere解析：本题考查定语从句的用法。句意：在报纸上我读的故事是关于青少年的一个普遍的问题。先行词指物，且做宾语，故选C。答案：C,Ihatethose_donthelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.()AwhoBwhichCwhatDwhere解析：本题考查定语从句的用法。根据句意我们可以知道先行词those指人，并且作主语，因此排除B、D。what不能作定语从句的引导词。故选A。答案：A,Johnistheboy_legswerebadlyhurtintheaccident.()AwhoseBthatCwhoDwhich解析：先行词是人排除D，根据句意：谁的腿，用whose，表示所属关系。故选A。答案：A,Illneverforgettheday_thegreatscientistcametoourschoolandgaveusaspeech.()AthatBwhichCwhenDwhere解析：句意：我从来不会忘记这位伟大的科学家来我们学校给我们做演讲的这一天。从句中有主语，也有宾语，可判断先行词做状语，且theday指时间，所以选用when。故选C。答案：C,1(2011清远)Haveyoureadthebook_isaboutthemoon？()AwhatBitC/Dwhich解析：本题考查定语从句引导词。先行词为thebook，指物，作主语，用which或that代替。it和what不能作定语从句的引导词。故选D。答案：D,2(2011广西)Thepolicemancaughtthethief_hasstolenMr.Liscomputer.()AwhichBwhoseCwhomDwho解析：which用于指物；whose“谁的”，后面应该接名词；whom“谁”，作宾语；who“谁”，是主格。先行词指人，本句缺少主语，所以要用who。故选D。答案：D,3(2011河南)Tony,tellmetheresultofthediscussion_youhadwithyourdadyesterday.()AwhatBwhichCwhenDwho解析：该句的先行词为thediscussion，故用which做关系代词，在从句中做宾语。语意：告诉我你和你父亲讨论的结果。注意：what不能作定语从句的引导词；when做关系副词在从句中做时间状语；who做关系代词时，先行词必须是人。故选B。答案：B,4(2011南宁)Mygrandparentsliketoliveinahouse_isnotverybigbutbrightandcomfortable.()AthatBwhoCwhatDwhose解析：定语从句的连接词根据先行词来判断，先行词为人时用who或that，先行词为物时用which或that。此题中先行词house为物，因此用that，故选A。答案：A,5(2011黄石)Doyouknowthekidwith_Bobistalkingoverthere?Yes,itsmycousin.()AwhoBthatC不填Dwhom解析：定语从句修饰kid，kid是人且其关系代词前有介词with，作宾语，所以应用“whom”。故选D。答案：D,1Thisisthedictionary_Mumgavemeformybirthday.()AwhichBwhatCwhoseDwhom2Thisisthequestion_wearetalkingaboutnow.()AthatBwhoCwhereDwhen3Heistheonlystudent_playstabletennisbetterthanJim.()AwhyBwhereCthatDwhich,A,A,C,4WeknowJackieChan_moviesareverypopularwiththeyoung.()AwhoseBthatCwhoDwhich5Therearemanyvolunteers_arehelpingthechildreninSichuan.Andmostofthemarecollegestudents.()AwhichBwhenCwhoseDwho6Whoisthewoman_wastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?Oh!ItsMrs.Baker,ournewmathteacher.()AwhoseBthatCwhomDwhich,A,D,B,7Didthemantellthepolicemaneverything_heknew?Yes,hedid.()AwhichBthatCwhoDwhom8Whatistheanimal_babysleepsinitsbag？()AwhoBwhoseCitsDwhich9Thebook_youarereadingiswrittenbyMr.Smith.()A/BwhoChowDwhere10Myauntworksinabighospital_hasabout500doctors.()AwhyBwhichCwhereDwhat,B,B,B,A,11Theuniversity_myfatherworkshasover5,000students.()AthatBwhichCwhereDwhat12Doyouknowtheyear_theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded？()AwhichBThatCwhenDonwhich13Withoutfriendship,onecantbehappyalthoughheisrichenough.Asforme,Iwillneverforgetthedays_Ispentwithmydearestfriend.()AthatBwhenCwhoDwhere,C,C,A,14Thefactory_Ivisitedyesterdaywasnottheone_Ionceworked.()Awhich；whereBwhere；whichCthat；whichDwhere；where15Thehotel_duringourholidaysstandsbytheseaside.()AwhowestayedatBwestayedatCthatwestayedDwestayed16Haveyoufoundtheinformationaboutfamouspeople_youcanuseforthereport?Notyet.IllsearchsomeontheInternet.()AwhichBwhoCwhatDwhom,A,A,B,17Thisis_Iwanted.()AtheonewhatBwhichConewhichDtheone18Anyone_theruleswillbepuni