国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)ppt周瑞琪1.Gerneral-introduction

SEIBOFGDUFS,1,国际贸易实务（英文版）,周瑞琪王小鸥徐月芳编著对外经济贸易大学出版社,INTERNATIONALTRADEPRACTICE,ByZhouRuiqiWangXiaoouXuyuefangofSchoolofEnglishforInternationalBusinessGuangdongUniversityofForeignStudies,ChapterOne,GeneralIntroduction,SEIBOFGDUFS,4,LearningObjectives,Afterlearningthischapter,youshouldbeabletodefinewhatismeantbyinternationaltradeexplainthereasonsforengagingininternationaltradeidentifythebenefitsofinternationaltradetellthedifferencesbetweendomesticandinternationaltradeunderstandthemajorprocedureinvolvedininternationaltraderealizetheimportanceofcontract,SEIBOFGDUFS,5,Conceptofinternationaltrade,Internationaltrade/worldtrade/foreigntrade/overseastradeThefairanddeliberateexchangeofgoodsandservicesacrossnationalboundaries.ConcerningtradeoperationsofbothimportandexportIncludingthepurchaseandsaleofbothvisibleandinvisiblegoods.,SEIBOFGDUFS,6,1.1Reasonsforinternationaltrade,ResourcereasonsNaturalresourcesHumanresourcesTechnologyEconomicreasonsBenefitsComparativeadvantage(DavidRicardo)EconomiesofscaleOtherreasonsPoliticalreasonsDifferenttasteandpreference,SEIBOFGDUFS,7,1.2Differencesfromdomestictrade,Internationaltradeinvolvesforeignlanguagesanddifferentculturesforeignlaws,customsandregulationsorinternationalrulesforeigncurrencieshigherrisks:Politicalrisks,Commercialrisks,Financialrisks,andTransportationrisksmorecomplexbusinessproceduresbroaderrangeofmanagementskills,SEIBOFGDUFS,8,1.3Classificationofinternationaltrade,FromthedirectionofcargoflowExporttradedomesticmarketinternationalmarketforsaleImporttradeforeigncountriesdomesticmarketforsaleTransittradeproducingcountriesviaathirdcountryconsumingcountry,SEIBOFGDUFS,9,1.3Classificationofinternationaltrade,TypesoftransittradeDirecttransittradeCommoditiesfurthertransportedtowardoutsidealongthedomestictransportationlinewithoutbeingplacedinthebondedwarehouse3rdcountryearnsprofitbyimposingimp.andexp.dutiesIndirecttransittradeCommoditiesfirstplacedinthebondedwarehousebeforebeingtransportedfurtherwithoutanyprocessing3rdcountryearnswarehousingcharges+imp.andexp.duties,SEIBOFGDUFS,10,1.3Classificationofinternationaltrade,FromthenumberofparticipantsinvolvedDirecttradeTwopartiesinvolved:theimporterandtheexporterIndirecttradeThreepartiesinvolved:theexporter,theimporterandtheintermediatepartyEntrepttradeOnepartyinvolved:whoistheimporter,theprocessorandalsotheexporter,SEIBOFGDUFS,11,1.3Classificationofinternationaltrade,FromtheformofthegoodsVisibletrade/tangiblegoodstradeMostlyconsuminggoods:cars,wines,shoesetc.NeedscustomsdeclarationInvisibletrade/intangiblegoodstradeservicesandtechnologyNeedsnocustomsdeclaration,SEIBOFGDUFS,12,1.3Classificationofinternationaltrade,FromsettlementinstrumentinvolvedBartertradeExchangeofgoodsorserviceswithoutaninterveningmediumofexchangeormoneyTheoldestfromoftradeFree-liquidationtradeExchangeofgoodsorserviceswithaninterveningmediumofexchangeormoneyCashtradeisoneformofit,SEIBOFGDUFS,13,1.3Classificationofinternationaltrade,FrommodeoftransportationTradebyRoadwayTradebySeawayTradebyAirwayTradebyMailOrder,SEIBOFGDUFS,14,1.4Exportandimportprocedures,ThepreparationofatransactionThenegotiationofthecontractTheperformanceofthecontractThesettlementofdisputes,SEIBOFGDUFS,15,1.4.1Thepreparationofatransaction,SelectingtherightmarketRelevantinformationofthemarketCulturalbackgroundandeconomicsituationsPoliticalclimateCurrentimportandexportstatisticsGovernmentpolicyoninternationaltradesuchastradebarriersandrestrictionsSourcesofinformationDomesticorganizations:MinistryofCommerceanditsprovincialcommitteesOverseasorganizations:ChineseEmbassy,theLocalbanks,theagentandthelocalnewspaper/journalarticles,SEIBOFGDUFS,16,1.4.1Thepreparationofatransaction,FindingthepotentialpartnerSourcesofinformationReferenceprovidedbytheforeignpartnersThenearestconsulateofficeInternationalorlocalchamberofcommerceConsultingfirmsForeignexchangebanksTradedirectoriesandpublications,SEIBOFGDUFS,17,1.4.1Thepreparationofatransaction,StudyingcreditabilityofthepartnerCreditreferencefromthelocalbankorcorrespondentbankbusinessrangeandannualsalesvolumesalesliteratureandpricelistsmajorcustomersbusinessculture,SEIBOFGDUFS,18,1.4.1Thepreparationofatransaction,ApplyingforExportorImportLicenseCheckingwhetherthegoodstobetransactedarewithincertainexportorimportcontrolssuchaslicenseorquotaIfunabletoapplyorgettheimportandexportlicensesTheexporterneedstoconsidertodobusinessunderEXWtermTheimporterneedstoconsidertodobusinessunderDDPterm,SEIBOFGDUFS,19,1.4.2Thenegotiationofasalescontract,Twoformsofbusinessnegotiationinwords,i.e.face-to-facenegotiationinwriting,i.e.businesscorrespondenceFourmainstepsinvolved:Enquiry:askingforpricebyeithersellerorbuyerOffer:ananswertoenquiryorinitiatedbyeithersellerorbuyerbindingforceupontheoffererwithinthevaliditycounter-offer:addition,modificationorrefusaloftheofferAcceptance:theunconditionalacceptanceoftheofferAcontractisconcludedwhenanacceptancebecomeseffective,SEIBOFGDUFS,20,1.4.2Thenegotiationofasalescontract,Definition:Atradecontractisanagreementwhichisconcludedbetweensellerandbuyerbasedonanacceptedofferandwhichsetsforthbidingobligationsofthepartiesconcerned.Governingrule:theUnitedNationsConventiononContractsforInternationalSaleofGoods1980(CISG1980)Acontractcanbeformal,informal,simpleorcomplicated,writtenororal.,SEIBOFGDUFS,21,1.4.2Thenegotiationofasalescontract,Asalescontractnormallyincludes:(seeSpecimen1.1-1.2)fullname,addressandothernecessaryinformationofthesellerandthebuyerdescriptionofthecommodityinvolved,includingname,quality,quantityandpackagingetc.alltermsagreedupon,includingprice,delivery,transportation,insurance,payment,inspection,claims,forcemajeure,arbitration,etc.dateonandplaceatwhichthecontractissignedandthesignatureofthebuyerandtheseller,SEIBOFGDUFS,22,1.4.2Thenegotiationofasalescontract,Contractvs.confirmationAcontractismoreformalandcontainsmoredetailsthanaconfirmationButequallybindingonthepartiesconcernedImportanceofawrittencontractItistheonlydocumentbetweenSellerandBuyerthatevidencestheirrespectiverightsandobligations.Itservesasthebasisfortheperformanceofthecontractandalsothesettlementofdisputes.,SEIBOFGDUFS,23,1.4.3Theperformanceofthecontract,Exportprocedure(businessunderCIFonL/C)ExaminingL/CUrgingandexpeditingtheopeningofL/CExaminingL/CwithreferencetothesalescontractGettinggoodsreadypreparinggoodsaccordingtothename,quality,quantity,packingandmakingrequiredinthecontractApplyingformandatoryinspectionForgoodsrequiredinspectionbythegovernmentsorinthecontractDocumentsSubmitted:commercialinvoice,copyofsalescontract,L/C,etc.,SEIBOFGDUFS,24,Exportprocedure,ReceivingimportersinspectionbeforeshipmentBookingshippingspaceafterreceivingL/CandgettinggoodsreadyClearinggoodsforexportAfterthegoodsareinspectedandbeforethegoodsareloadedDocumentssubmittedforexportcustomsclearance:commercialinvoice,exportlicense,copyofsalescontract,inspectioncertificates,shippingorder,etc.,SEIBOFGDUFS,25,Exportprocedure,GettinggoodsloadedDeliveringgoodstocarrierforloadingafterthegoodsareclearedforexportReceivingB/LfromthecarrieraftershipmentObtaininginsuranceUnderCIF,insuranceisamustforsellerMinimumcoverage,SEIBOFGDUFS,26,Exportprocedure,PresentingdocumentsforbanknegotiationDocumentsrequiredfornegotiationcommercialinvoice,packinglist,billingoflading,insurancepolicy,inspectioncertificates,etc.Otherdocumentsrequiredforissuingimportlicenseortocalculatingimportcustomsduty:theCertificateofOrigin,theConsularInvoice,etc.IfdocumentsareinstrictlinewithL/C,theexporterwillreceivepaymentsfromthebank,SEIBOFGDUFS,27,1.4ExportProcedures,SEIBOFGDUFS,28,1.4.3Theperformanceofthecontract,Importprocedure(businessunderFOBonL/C)OpeningL/CApplyingintimeAmendingL/CinthecaseofdiscrepanciesBookingshippingspaceAfterbookingshippingspace,thebuyershouldnotifytheexportersufficiently:thenameofthevessel,theloadingpoint,thedeliveryt