涉外经济合同第一课

涉外经济合同,EnglishContractforInternationalTrade主讲教师：张云清,Objectivesofthiscourse,Befamiliarwiththelayout,contentandlanguagefeaturesofinternationalcontractMasteringthewritingskillsofinternationalcontractUnderstandingvariousdocumentsrelatedtocontract,UnitoneGeneralIntroduction,ObjectivesUnderstandingwhatismeantbycontractIdentifyingthefunctionsofcontractExploringthefeaturesofcontractKnowingabouttheclassificationofinternationalcontract,Arrangementofthiscourse,60%finalexamination10%attendance10%test10%dailyperformance10%homework,Requirement,PreparinganotebookEmail:jinshanhetongCode:contract1234LearningtoprepareandreviewthelessonLearningtoexploreknowledgefrominternet,UnitoneGeneralintroduction,Whatiscontract?,Inthebroadestsense,acontractissimplyanagreementthatdefinesarelationshipbetweenoneormoreparities.Forexample,twopeopleexchangingweddingvowsenterintoacontractofmarriage;apersonwhohasachildcontractstonurtureandsupportthatchild;shoppersselectingfoodinamarketcontracttopurchasethegoodsforastatedamount.,InChina,acontract,inthesimplestdefinition,isapromiseenforceablebylaw.,Whatis“enforce”?,1)Providingalayerofsupportinordertomakestrongerormoredurableinnature.Thismaybedonebyaddinganadditionallayerofsupportontopofexistinglayers.,2)Imposingrules;keepingincompliance.,Enforceable,enforcement,ContractsreferredtointhisLawareagreementsbetweenequalnaturalpersons,legalpersonandotherorganizationsforthepurposeofestablishing,alteringandterminatingmutualcivilrightsandobligations.,Inthenarrowsense,acommercialcontractismerelyanagreementmadebytwoormorepartiesforthepurposeoftransactingbusiness.,Conceptofcontract,合同的当事人必须是双方或多方；合同是合法的法律行为，并受有关法律的保护、支持和制约，违反合同应被视为触犯法律；合同是当事人一致同意并按法律签订的协议；合同具有明确的法定民事行为目的，它是当事人之间设立、变更、终止民事权利义务关系的协议。,Acontractwillbecomeaformallegaldocumentbindinguponbothpartiesafterbeingsigned,whichstipulatestherightsandresponsibilities(liabilities)oftwopartiesinvolved.Inanotherword,acontractisanagreement,enforceablebylaw,bywhichthebuyersandthesellersmutuallyagreetocarryoutatradeconcluded.,CISG,UnitedNationsConventiononContractsfortheinternationalSaleofGoodsTheCISGwasfinalizedattheUNconventioninViennaonApril11,1980.Howeverithasgoneintoeffectatdifferenttimesineachofthevariousmembercountries,dependingonwhenthecountryaccededtotheCISG.ThusinNewZealandtheCISGenteredintoforcesofOctober1,1995,whileintheUnitedStatestheCISGtookeffectasofJanuary1,1998.,ContractualRelationship,anofferacceptanceofanoffer(mutualassent)(Withoutmutualassent,therelationshipbetweenthepartiesisnotcontractual.)valid(legalandvaluable),Note:,Eachpartytoacontractacquiresrightsanddutiesrelativetotherightsanddutiesoftheotherparties.However,whileallpartiesmayexpectafairbenefitfromthecontract(otherwisecourtsmaysetitasideasinequitable)itdoesnotfollowthateachpartywillbenefittoanequalextent.Contractsarenormallyenforceablewhetherornotinawrittenform,althoughawrittencontractprotectsallpartiestoit.,Whatisvoidcontract?,Itisillegalfromthemomentitismade;Itislegalbutdeclarednullbythecourtsbecauseitviolatesafundamentalprinciplesuchasfairness,oriscontrarytopublicpolicy;Itbecomesvoidduetochangesinlaworingovernmentpolicy;Ithasbeenfullyperformed.Lackofcapacitytocontractautomaticallymakesacontractvoid.,无效销售合同:1)合同当事人不具备法人地位或资格（legalperson）2)如果单方当事人提出某个意向或法律条件，未经各方当事人取得一致同意，则不能构成有效合同，即单方拟定的合同为无效合同。3）一方没能履行义务，将导致中止合同。4）合同当事人的行为必须是合法和真实的，不是欺诈（defraud）。5）合同的标的必须符合国际法规和国家法令。若合同内容涉及走私，买卖违禁品，文物和未经商检进口产品等，虽签订了合同也属非法。6）合同经法人签字生效。假冒的签名，假刻的印章等都是无效的。,Thefunctionsofacontract:,TostipulatetherightsandresponsibilitiesTobalancebothsidesbenefitsorinterestsTotranscrosstheculturalclashToforcebothsidesimplementscompulsivelyTosetupsomecomplementarymeasuresLayoutpaymenttermsDivideupbusinessrisks,Featuresofcontract,LegalityincontentsCompletenessinclausesAccuracyinlanguage,Classificationofthecontract,ContractforInternationalSalesofGoods,ContractforInternationalTechnologyTransfer,以引进专利或转让专利申请权、专有技术和秘密、商标和许可证为对象的贸易，其适用的合同有技术转让，技术咨询服务和许可证贸易服务。,ContractforSino-foreignJointVentureContractforInternationalContractualJointVenture,共同特点：共同投资，共同经营，共同管理，合作开采，共负盈亏，共担风险。,ContractforSino-foreignJointVenture,涉及到土地、工业、税收、外汇管制、技术引进、技术转让（无形资产评估作价、服务）、原材料采购、劳力福利待遇。,ContractforInternationalContractualJointVenture,出资条件和形式、经营管理形式、利益分配、风险责任,ContractforInternationalEngineeringProjects,采用公开竞争的方式招标进行交易。这类合同有招标合同和商品交易所（commodityexchange）成交合同。,ContractforCompensa