高三英语二轮复习课件：代词

代词,I.代词的分类,人称代词I,you，she，him疑问代词whowhomwhat物主代词my、your、hers关系代词which、that、who反身代词myself、yourselves连接代词who、which、what相互代词eachother、oneanother不定代词one、each、another、neither指示代词this、that、those、these,II.人称代词的用法,1)作主语，用主格。作宾语用宾格。SheteachesusEnglish.2)在句中作表语，常用宾格。Whoisit?Itsme.但有时用主格。IfIwereshe,Iwouldtgothere.ItwasIwhotoldhimaboutit.3)并列人称代词的顺序。单数：2,3.1.复数：1,2,3,III.反身代词,1)作宾语。Iteachmyselfmathematics.Sheislookingatherselfinthemirror.2)作介词的宾语。a.表示“对比”，“自己”Shelovesmeformyself,notformymoney.b.）介词oneself的常见用语。tooneself(对自己），foroneself（亲自，独自；为了自己），ofoneself（自己的），betweenoneselves（秘密地），inoneself（本来,本身），byoneself（单独地，独立地）3)作同位语，起强调作用。Youyourselftoldmethestory.,Exerciseone,1.Yoursisnotabadidea_.2.Lauraisnotquite_today.3.Ihavetheroom_.4.Youcancallonme.Iam_today.5.WhatIsaidjustnowisonly_.6.Ifyoudontbelieveme,youcangoandsee_.7.Idontknowwhenthedoorclosed_.,initself,IV.指示代词的用法,1).时空的差别eg.Thereisthisseathere,nearme,orthereisthatoneinthefourthrow.Whichwillyouhave,thisorthat？2).This和that在行文叙述上的差别。Eg.Ishallsaythistoyou:heisapoorman.Hewasill.Thatswhyhedidntcome.,3).that和those用于表比较的结构。TheweatherofBeijingisjustasgoodasthatofTianjin.TVsetsmadeinNanjingarebetterthanthosemadehere.4).打电话时this表示我,that表示你.,一些重要的不定代词的用法,不定代词有both,either,neither,one,theother,another,little,few,some,any,each,every,no,none等，从实际应用和理解出发，重点学习以下几个：(一)both,either,neither(二)one,another,theother(三)little,alittle,few,afew(四)some/any,no/none,each/every,many/much,both,either,neither,both为“两者都”，neither为“两者都不”，either为“两者之一”。这三个单词都用于指两个人或物，在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。作主语：1)Both(ofthem)enjoyedtherice.2)Neither(ofus)isadoctor.3)Either(ofyou)willgo.注意：作主语时，both后面的谓语动词用复数。neither,either后面的谓语动词一般用单数形式。作定语：BothZhangHuasfatherandmotherworkerworkinahospital,butneitheroneisadoctor.2)Youmaytakeeitherapple.,作宾语：Ilikebothofthetoysverymuch.2)Theboycouldfindneitherofthemandwentaway.both还可作同位语，它们句中的位置是在动词be，助动词或情态动词的后面，但在实义动词前面。1)Theyarebothingoodhealth.2)Theywillbothgothere.3)Theybothagreedtotakepartinthebirthdayparty.,此外，either可作副词用于否定句，表示“也”，相当于肯定句中的“too”。Thisisnotmine.Thatisnot,either.neither表示“也不”的时候，常用在倒装的结构形式中：Idontliketoplayfootball.Neitherdoeshe.Shehasntgotabike.NeitherhaveI.注意：bothand“两者都”连接主语时谓语动词用复数。either和or,neither和nor“不是就是”；“或或”，“既不也不”；“都不”连接两个并列主语时谓语动词的数一般应与靠近谓语动词的主语保持一致，即，就近原则。如：1)BothZhangandWangaregoodstudents.2)Eitheryouorheisright.3)Neitherhenoriamascientist.,1.Thereisatreeon_sideofthestreet.A.everyB.allC.eitherD.both2.Thereisadeskon_sideoftheroom.A.bothB.eitherC.allD.every3.Thereisadeskon_sidesoftheroom.A.bothB.eitherC.allD.every4.WhichsidecanIsitontheboat?Ifyousitstill,youcansiton_.A.everysideB.allsidesC.bothsidesD.eitherside5.Itissaidthat_ofhisparentshavegonetoBeijing.A.allB.everyC.bothD.either,every和each用法上的区别,1.each可作代词和形容词，而every只能用作形容词，eachofthesedictionaries或eachoneofthesedictionaries,everyoneofthesedictionaries不能说everyofthesedictionaries.2.each可指两个或两个以上中间的每一个，而every只可指三个或三个以上中间的每一个，不能指两个中每一个。如：可以说eachofmyeyes,不可说everyoneofmyeye但可说everyoneofmytoes(脚趾)。3.each通常用来指若干固定数目中的每一个，而every往往指“任何一个”如：Eachgirlsittingoverthereismystudent.“坐在那里的每一女孩子”指若干固定数目中的每一个，故用each。Everymanmustdohisbest.“人人都尽最大的努力”泛指任何一个人，因而用every。,4.every和not连用，即“everynot”或“notevery”构成部分否定，表示“并非每一个”的意思，each则无此结构。5.every+基数词+复数名词=every+序数词+单数名词，作“每(多少)”解，但each不能用于这一结构中。如：everythreedays每三天或每隔两天，相当于everythirdday。6.everytwodays,everysecondday都作“每隔一天”解，但在实际应用中人们都用everyotherday来表示这一意思，everytwodays也有人讲，而everysecondday则少用的。也可以说everyfewdays,相当于汉语的“隔些日子”。7.each可以与other构成固定的搭配，即eachother意思为“彼此、相互、互相”的意思，而every则不能。,one,another,theother,1.one常用来作代词，替代前文所出现的同类可数名词，表示人或物，以避免重复。例如：Ihaventgotaballpen.Illhavetobuyone.(=aballpen)我没圆珠笔，我得去买一支。Heisonetothinkmoreofothers.他是个能多为别人着想的人。2.theother,another都可解释为“另一个”。other加上定冠词用于两者中的另一个，another指三者以上中的另一个。例如：Hewastwobrothers.Oneisadoctor,theotherisateacher.Wevereceivedtwoparcels,onefrommyuncle,theotherfrommyaunt.Idontlikethisone,showmeanother,please.Ivejustboughtthreethings.Oneisawalkman,anotherisapocketcalculator,thethirdisavideogame.,3.another还有“再”的意思，例如：Haveanothercupofcoffee,please.！Shecouldhavetostayhereforanotherweek.4.other有“另外”的含义。例如：Wherearetheotherstudents?Theboyismuchclevererthantheothertwo.5.others和theothers表示复数的泛指和特指。例如：Intheparksomeareplayinggames.Othersarewalkingneartheriver.Ihavefivecolourpencils.Oneisred,anotherisblueandtheothersaregreen.6.therest也可作“其余的”解释。它用作主语时注意谓语动词的单复数。例如：TherestofhislifewasspentinAmerica.Hehaseightbooks.TwoareinEnglish.TherestareinChinese.,little,alittle,few,afew,1.little与alittle两者都用来修饰不可数名词，little作“很少”，“几乎没有”解，有否定的意思，alittle作“少许”、“有一点”解，有肯定的意思，例如：Inthiswaytheycanmakethetripwithjustalittlemoney.Thereislittleleft,isthere?2.few,afew用来修饰可数名词，前者表示否定，后者表示肯定。AfewofusspeakEnglishwell.Therewerefeweggsinthefridge,sohewenttothesupermarketandboughtsome.3.few作主语时，谓语动词仍用复数，例如：Fewmenknowthis,dothey?4.常用词组有quiteafew(好几个)，onlyafew(只有一个)，averyfew(极少数)。例如：HestudiedChineseforquiteafewyears.他学汉语已有好几年了。,some,any,no,none,each,every,many,much,（1）some和any:some(一些，某个)句中可作主语、宾语、定语等，常用于肯定句。作定语时，它可修饰可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词是单数时，some表示“某个”的意思。例如：Therearesomenewspapersonthetable.Iamgoingtobuysomeorangejuice.Haveyouanyquestions?Yes,Ihavesome.Ihavereadthatinsomemagazine.当说活者表示提议、请求或期望得到肯定回答时，在疑问句中也可用some。例如：Wouldyoulikesometea?Couldyoulendmesomemoney?any“一些”用法相同于some,但多用于疑问句、否定句或条件从句。例如：Isthereanyinkinyourpen?Putupyourhandsifyouhaveanyquestions.,注意：1.any用于肯定句中有“任何一个”解。常用于比较级句子中。Tomrunsfasterthananyotherboyinhisclass.Tomrunsfasterthananyoftheotherboysinhisclass.2.some,any,every,no可以与body,thing,one构成合成代词，这些代词都作单数看待，表示人或物：Somethingiswrongwithmybike.Somethingisaskingtoseeyou.Nobodyisabsent.Ifyouwantanything,callme.,2）None,noone/nobody,nothing的区别none1)可与of连用；2)谓语动词用单或复数；3)具体指什么人或物；4)一般用来回答howmany+n,howmuch+n.1)Noneofushave/hasseenhim.2)Howmanystudentsarethereintheroom?None.3)Isthereanywaterinthethermos?None.4)Howmuchmoneydoyouhaveonyou?None.nothing1)指物；2)谓语用单数；3)一般用来回答含anything的一般问句及what引起的特殊问句。请看：1)Whatisinthebox?Nothing2)Isthereanythinginthesky?Nothing.3)Canyouseeanythingwithoutglasses?Nothing,先请看下面一道题:Iwantsomecoffee,butthereis_inthepot.A.nooneB.somethingC.noneD.nothing现请看:1)none既可指人，也可指物，代指上文提到的事物，含特指概念。如:Hewantsmetolendhimsomemoney,butIhavenoneathand.（特指前面提到的钱）Theyaskedforninebooks,butthereis/arenoneinthelibraryatpresent.。（特指前面提到的书）2)nothing=notanything,意为“没有任何东西;什么也没有”，强调内容，只能指物，泛指。如:Hefelthungry,buthecouldfindnothingtoeatinthekitchen.（泛指所有吃的东西，不是特指某一种）Nothingintheworldisdifficultifyouputyourheartintoit.,noone=nobody只指人,“没有人”，不能指物,语气比none强,后面不能接of构成的短语。noone作主语时,谓语动词只能用单数。如:Noone/Nobodylikesapersonwithbadmanners.没有人喜欢不讲礼貌的人。none指的是三者或三者以上的人或物中没有一个请比较:Therearemanyapplesinthebasket,butnoneofthemarefresh.,（3）no和none:none(没有一个，全不，都不)是名词性的不定代词，可作主语和宾语，常和of短语连用，不以作定语。none作主语代替不可数名词时，谓语用单数形式。代替可数名词时，谓语用单、复数均可。例如：Noneofusis/arefromBeijing.Noneofthemoneyismine.none与all相对，有“全不”“全部”的含义，因此all是全肯定，none是all的全部否定，但都指三者以上的人或物。Weallmademistakes.Noneofuswascorrect.no是形容词性的不定代词，只能用作定语，可修饰可数和不可数名词。no等于nota或notany加上名词。例如：Ihavenomoney.Ihavenotanymoney.noone相当于nobody，意为没有人，谓语用单数。,（4）many和much：many修饰可数名词的复数，谓语用复数，much修饰不可数名词，谓语用单数，它们可用在肯定句、否定句和疑问句中，还可在肯定句中作主语或修饰主语。例如：Somuchfortoday.Therearemanybusesandcarsinthestreet.many已被alotof,alargenumberof,agreatmany所代替。much已被alotof,plentyof,agooddealof,agreat(large)quantityof所代替。但alotof/lotsof只能用于肯定句。,1._ofthemknewabouttheplanbecauseitwaskeptasecret.A.EachB.AnyC.NooneD.None2.Wecouldnteatinarestaurantbecause_ofushad_moneyonus.A.all;noB.any;noC.none;anyD.noone;any3.Thereisatreeon_sideofthestreet.A.everyB.allC.eitherD.both4.Thereisadeskon_sideoftheroom.A.bothB.eitherC.allD.every5.WhichsidecanIsitontheboat?Ifyousitstill,youcansiton_.A.everysideB.allsidesC.bothsidesD.eitherside6.Itissaidthat_ofhisparentshavegonetoBeijing.A.allB.everyC.bothD.either,7.Somestudentsareabsent-minded,_ofwhomheardwhattheteachersaid.A.allB.noneC.everyD.notall8.Is_here?No,BobandTimhaveaskedforleave.A.anybodyB.somebodyC.everybodyD.nobody9.Theywereallverytired,but_ofthemwouldstoptotakearest.A.anyB.someC.noneD.neither10.CanyoucomeonMondayorTuesday?Imafraid_dayispossible.A.eitherB.neitherC.someD.any11.Ifyouwanttochangeforadoubleroomyoullhavetopay_5.A.anotherB.otherC.moreD.each,12.Whichofthetwobooksdoyouwant?Iwant_.Pleaseshowme_.A.none;anotherB.all;theotherC.neither;theotherD.neither;another13._sideofthestreetislinedwithdifferentshops,_ofwhichsellelectronicproducts.A.Bot