专题十二――非谓语动词课件

专题八非谓语动词,备战2011届高考英语一轮复习,知识要点,返回目录,非谓语动词,动名词gerund,不定式infinitive,分词participle,1动词-ing形式的一般式可用来泛指一个动作，没有特别的时间意义。Swimmingisherfavoritesport.游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。Learningisimportanttomodernlife.学习对现代生活很重要。2动词-ing形式的一般式可用来表示与谓语动词同时发生的动作。Theywentoutoftheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.他们有说有笑地走出教室。,动词-ing形式的完成式表示一个已完成的动作，这个动作发生或完成在谓语动词表示的动作之前。Havinglivedinthiscityforthreeyears,sheknowsitverywell.,动词-ing形式的被动形式表示它的逻辑主语是动词-ing形式表示的动作的承受者。Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.正在讨论的问题很重要。Icantstandbeingkeptwaiting.我不堪久等。Havingbeenshownthelab,weweretakentoseetheschoollibrary.在被带去看了实验室之后，我们又被带去参观校图书馆。,动词-ing形式的否定形式由not加动词-ing形式构成。Hisnotcomingmadeeveryonepresentverydisappointed.他没来使在场的每个人都很失望。,1动词-ing形式可直接置于句首作主语。Seeingisbelieving.=Toseeistobelieve.百闻不如一见。2为了保持句子平衡，通常用先行词it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句末。Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.作无益的后悔是没有用的。Itsawasteoftimearguingaboutit.争论这事是浪费时间。,必背动词-ing形式作主语的几个常用句型。Itsnogoodtalkingtohim.和他谈话是没有用的。Itisuselesstelephoninghim.Heisnotwillingtocome.给他打电话没用。他不愿意来。Itsworthmakinganeffort.努力一下是值得的。Thereisnosayingwhenitwillstopraining.无法断定这场雨什么时候会停。Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.这种事开不得玩笑。,1表示主语的内容Herjobiskeepingthelecturehallascleanaspossible.她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。2表示主语具有的特征Theproblemisquitepuzzling.这个问题很令困惑。,1.Herworkis_(look)afterthechildren.2.Myaimis_(go)toTsinghuaUniversity.3.Oneofmybadhabitis_(bite)nails（指甲）.,1动词-ing形式可以在see,hear,notice,watch,feel,smell,lookat,listento,observe,find等表示感官和心理状态的动词后面作宾语补足语，和一个名词或代词一起构成复合宾语。Weheardthechildrenshoutingupstairs.我们听见孩子们在楼上叫喊。Ifeltmyheartbeatingviolently.我觉得我的心在猛烈地跳动。,2动词-ing形式和不定式作宾语补足语的区别。在see,hear,feel,watch,notice等感官动词后，既可用动词-ing形式构成复合宾语，也可用不定式构成复合宾语，两者之间有一定的区别。用动词-ing形式时，表示动作正在进行；用不定式时，表示动作发生了，即动作的全过程结束了。Hesawagirlgettingonthebus.他看见一个女孩在上公共汽车。Hesawagirlgetonthebusanddriveoff.他看见一个女孩上公共汽车后开走了。,1单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。areadingroom=aroomwhichisusedforreading阅览室runningshoes=shoesforrunning跑鞋aworkingmethod=amethodofworking工作方法必背adrawingboard画板asewingmachine缝纫机aswimmingpool游泳池awaitingroom候车室adiningcar餐车adrivingpermit驾驶许可证asingingcompetition歌咏比赛awalkingstick手杖,表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。developingcountries=countriesthataredeveloping发展中国家anordinary-lookinghouse=ahousethatlooksordinary看起来很普通的房子,必背abarkingdog狂吠的狗adisappointingplay令人失望的戏剧anastonishingadventure惊人的冒险asleepingbaby熟睡的婴儿boilingwater正在沸腾的水failingsight逐渐衰退的视力thesettingsun落日thecomingweek下一周,动词-ing形式的完成式一般只用来作状语，不作定语。【误】Thetemplehavingbeendestroyedbytheearthquakewillberebuiltsoon.【正】Thetemplewhichhasbeendestroyedbytheearthquakewillberebuiltsoon.被地震毁坏的庙宇很快就要重建了。,动词-ing形式可以作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。1表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。Havingmadefullpreparations,wearereadyfortheexamination.我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。(=Afterwehavemadefullpreparations.)2表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。Beingill,hedidntgotoschoolyesterday.由于生病，他昨天没有上学。(=Sincehewasill.),e.g._areply,hedecidedtowriteasixthletter.A.NotreceivingB.NottoreceiveC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived,e.g.Havingfinishedmyhomework,IwenttowatchTV.,C,没收信的动作发生在决定写信这一动作之前所以应该用havingdone;此题又是表否定含义，分词的否定式为notdoing/nothavingdone;故选c,6表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。Helayonthegrass,staringattheskyforalongtime.=.andstaredattheskyforalongtime他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。,-ing形式,-ing形式主要考查其在句子中作定语和状语的用法,A,Herushedtothetrainstation,only_thetrainhadgone.,A.findingB.foundC.findsD.tofind,D,Makingitthepopularsportintheworld为现在分词短语作结果状语，这类分词短语常放在句子的后面,v-ing表示顺其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎意料。如：,Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.,Herushedtothepostofficeonlytofinditwasclosed,动词-ing形式的逻辑主语,动词-ing形式作主语时，其逻辑主语对于谈话双方是不言而喻的。Readingaloudisveryhelpful.朗读是很有好处的。(Readingaloud的逻辑主语是泛指任何人，因而无需表达出来)点津坊如果作主语的动词-ing形式需要自己的逻辑主语时，一般用物主代词或名词所有格(即名词后加s)Hisfathersfallingillworriedhimgreatly.他父亲生病使他很着急。(hisfather是fallingill的逻辑主语),如果动词-ing形式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者，就要用-ing形式的被动式。ThemeetingbeingheldinBeijingnowisofgreatimportance.正在北京召开的会议非常重要。(themeeting和举行之间的关系是被动的，所以用beingheld),1动词-ing形式作状语，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致。Enteringtheclassroom,Ifoundnobodyinit.如动词-ing形式表示的动作不是句中主语发出或承受的，那就是误用。这种无依着的-ing形式，语法上称之为“垂悬分词”。【误】Lookingoutthroughthewindow,thegardenwasbeautiful.(lookingoutthroughthewindow的逻辑主语是thegarden，显然不对)【正】Lookingoutthroughthewindow,wesawabeautifulgarden.,【误】Readingtheeveningnewspaper,adogstartedbarking.(逻辑主语是dog，它不会看晚报)【正】Iwasreadingtheeveningnewspaperwhenadogstartedbarking.2如不能和句子中的主语保持一致，该动词-ing形式必须有自己的逻辑主语，通常由名词或代词来担任。Thelastbushavinggone,wehadtowalkhome.Weatherpermitting,thefootballmatchwillbeplayedonFriday.,必背高中阶段有一些固定的动词-ing形式短语，如generallyspeaking,judgingfrom.,considering.,talkingof.,supposing.等，它们的逻辑主语可以和句子的主语不一致。这种动词-ing短语可当作一个插入语。Generallyspeaking,boysaremoreinterestedinsciencethangirls.一般说来，男孩比女孩对科学更感兴趣.Judgingfromhisaccent,hemustcomefromCanada.从他的口音看，他一定来自加拿大.Consideringhowpoorhewas,wedecidedtolethimattendtheconcertforfree.考虑到他是多么的穷，我们决定让他免费听音乐会。Supposingitrains,whatwillyoudo?假使下雨，你会怎么办呢？,动词不定式,Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。,Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.,Allyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.,Wefoundahousetolivein.,ShecameheretostudyEnglish.,Iwarnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwateraftertheoperation.,主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾补,注意,A.有些动词后面的不定式不带to，如feel（一感）hear,listento（二听）make,have,let（三让）see,watch,notice,observe（四看）.,Iheardthemsingapopsong.Theteachermademeanswerthequestion.Wewatchedthemplayfootball.,注意,B.动词不定式的否定式只须在to前加not.,Myfatherdecidednottotakeupthejob.,Theteachertoldusnottobelateagain.,注意,C.带疑问词的动词不定式在to前加疑问词。,Mr.Linwillteachushowtousethecomputer.,Canyoutellmewheretogetthebook?,注意,D.作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式常常省去to后面的动词，只保留to。,A:Wouldyouliketocometomyparty?,Marywantedtousemybike,butIaskedhernotto(usemybike).,B:Yes,Idloveto(cometoyourparty).,Mary想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。,1动词ed形式表示已完成的动作。除了作形容词用的动词-ed形式外，动词-ed形式可带有完成的意义，有的同时也带有被动的意义。Bornandbroughtupinthecountryside,hewasinterestedinbiology.由于在农村出生并长大，他对生物很感兴趣。Oneoftheglasseswasfoundbroken.有人发现其中一个杯子破了。Thebooks,writtenbyLuXun,arepopularwithmanyChinesepeople.鲁迅写的这些书，受到了许多中国人的喜爱。,2及物动词的ed形式一般表示被动的意思。Givenmoretime,Icouldhavesolvedthatriddle.要是有充足的时间，我就能猜出那个谜语。(句子的主语I和动词give之间是被动关系。)WhenyouspeakEnglish,besuretomakeyourselfunderstood.你说英语的时候，一定要让人懂得你的意思。(宾语yourself和宾语补足语understand之间是被动关系。)3不及物动词ed形式只表示完成的意义，并不带有被动的含义。aretiredworker退休工人=aworkerwhohasretiredanewlyarrivedguest新来的客人=aguestwhohasjustarrivedPeopleshouldpayattentiontothechangedsituation.人们应该注意到变化了的形势。,2同一动词的ed形式与ing形式作表语时的区别。动词-ed形式作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态，含有被动的意思，而动词-ing形式作表语多表示主语具有的特征，含有主动的意思。Theywerefrightenedtohearthefrighteningsound.他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。Atthesightofthemovingscene,allthepeoplepresentweremoved.看到这么动人的情景，所有在场的人都感动了。,比较：amusing使人高兴的amused开心的encouraging鼓舞人心的encouraged受鼓励的disappointing令人失望的disappointed失望的exciting使人激动的excited激动的puzzling迷惑人的puzzled迷惑的satisfying令人满意的satisfied感到满意的,3动词ed形式也可用在with(without)结构中，作介词的宾语补足语。Witheverythingwellarranged,helefttheoffice.一切都安排妥善之后，他离开了办公室。Shehascomebackwithherbackpackfilledwithinterestingpicture-books.她已经回来了，背包里塞满了有趣的图书。4某些动词后(如want,need,prefer,wouldlike等)，作宾语补足语的不定式被动形式省略“tobe”，就成了动词ed形式作宾语补足语。Iwouldlikethismatter(tobe)settledimmediately.我希望这事立即得到解决。Thepeasantsdontwantgoodfarmland(tobe)builton.农民们不想让好好的农田被用来建造房子。,3动词ed形式作定语和ing形式作定语的区别动词-ed形式作定语表示动作已完成，而动词-ing形式作定语表示动词正在进行。therisensun升起了的太阳therisingsun正在升起的太阳boiledwater开水boilingwater正沸腾的水fallenleaves落叶fallingleaves正在飘落的叶子changedcondition改变了的情况changingcondition变化着的情况developedcountries发达国家developingcountries发展中国家,动词-ed形式作状语和动词-ing形式作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。1表示时间动词-ed形式作状语表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。Seenfromthetower,thecitylooksbeautiful.从塔上往下看，城市显得很美丽。(=Whenthecityisseenfromthetower.)Shownthelab,weweretakentoseethelibrary.带我们参观了实验室之后，又带我们参观了图书馆。(=Afterwehadbeenshownthelab.)Completelyexaminedbythedoctors,hewentbacktoschoolrightaway.经过医生彻底检查以后，他立刻回到了学校。(=Afterhewascompletelyexamined.),点津坊有时动词-ed形式前可加连词when,while等来强调时间概念。Oncerecovered,hewentallouttodohiswork.一恢复健康，他就全力以赴地干起了工作。Whenaskedwhyshewaslateforclassagain,shehungherheadinshame.当被问到为什么上课又迟到时，她羞愧地低下了头。Oncestarted,theclockwillgohalfamonthandkeepgoodtime.一旦给这钟上了发条，它就会走半个月，并且走得很准。,2表示原因动词-ed形式作状语表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。Movedbytheheroicdeeds,thechildrencouldnthelpcrying.孩子们被英雄事迹感动，情不自禁地哭了起来。(=Sincetheyweremovedbytheheroicdeeds.)Writteninhaste,herletterisveryhardtoread.因为写得快，她的信很难阅读。(=Asitwaswritteninhaste.)Excitedbythenewdiscovery,wedecidedtogooutandcelebrate.我们因为新发现而激动万分，决定出去庆祝一下。(=Becausewewereexcitedby.),3表示条件动词-ed形式作状语表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。Heated,waterchangesintosteam.加热，水就能变成蒸汽。(=Ifwaterisheated.)Givenmoretime,hewouldbeabletodobetter.假如多给一些时间，他会干得更出色。(=Ifhewasgivenmoretime.)Comparedwithotherprofessors,shewasanexcellentspeaker.与其他教授相比，她是一个优秀的演说家。(=Ifshewascomparedwithotherprotessors.),1.考查动名词作某些及物动词宾语的固定搭配。,1.(2007江苏卷)CanIsmokehere?Sorry.Wedontallow_here.A.peoplesmokingB.peoplesmokeC.tosmokeD.smoking2.(2007辽宁卷)Youcantimaginewhatdifficultywehad_homeinthesnowstorm.A.walkedB.walkC.towalkD.walking,真题再现,知识链接,常用能接动名词的动词：admit,appreciate,avoid,advise,canthelp,celebrate,consider,complete,delay,deny,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,feellike,finish,forgive,imagine,keep,mention,mind,miss,pardon,permit,practice,prevent,resist,risk,stop,suggest,understand,allow等。,一、考查动词不定式、动名词作宾语的用法。,2.考查动名词作短语动词和介词宾语的固定搭配。,(2008江苏卷)Theyarequiet,arentthey?Yes.Theyareaccustomed_atmeals.A.totalkB.tonottalkC.totalkingD.tonottalking2.(2006重庆卷)Isntittimeyougotdownto_thepapers.A.markB.bemarkedC.beingmarkedD.marking3.(2006江西/改错)Imlookingforwardtohearfromyousoon.,真题再现,知识链接,1.常见的短语动词有：leaveoff,putoff,giveup,canthelp,cantstand,feellike,insiston,thinkof,dreamof,befondof,prevent(from),keepfrom,stop(from),protectfrom,setabout,beengagedin,spend(in),succeedin等。2.下列短语中的to为介词，后面只能接动名词或名词：lookforwardto,befamiliarto,oweto,putonesmindto,turnto,getdownto,attributeto,liveupto,inrelationto,admitto,bedevotedto,owingto,thanksto,objectto,beaccustomedto等。,hearing,3.考查不定式作某些及物动词宾语的固定搭配。,(2005天津卷)Idontwant_likeImspeakingillofanybody,butthemanagersplanisunfair.A.tosoundB.tobesoundedC.soundingD.tohavesounded2.(2006北京卷)Icantstand_withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses_talkingwhilesheworks.A.working;stoppingB.towork;stoppingC.working;tostopD.towork;tostop,真题再现,知识链接,常见的能接不定式作宾语的及物动词有：afford,agree,ask,arrange,attempt,beg,begin,choose,claim,determine,decide，dare,desire,demand,expect,fail,forget,hate,hope,manage,intend,learn,help，like,long,mean,need,offer,plan,prefer,prepare,seek,pretend,promise,refuse,remember,seem,tend,threaten,volunteer,want,wish等。,4.考查某些动名词和不定式作宾语意义的差别。,1.(2007安徽卷)Robertisindeedawiseman.Oh,yes.HowoftenIhaveregretted_hisadvice!A.totakeB.takingC.nottotakeD.nottaking2.(2006湖南卷)Ifyouthinkthattreatingawomanwellmeansalways_herpermissionforthings,thinkagain.A.getsB.gotC.togetD.getting,真题再现,知识链接,接不定式或动名词意义有差别的动词：1.forgettodosth.忘记去做某事(未做);forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事(已做)2.remembertodosth.记着去做某事(未做);rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事(已做)3.stoptodosth.停下来去做另一件事;stopdoingsth.停止做正在做的某事4.regrettodosth.对尚未做的或正在做的事情表示遗憾;regretdoingsth.对已做的事情表示后悔5.trytodosth努力去做某事;trydoingsth.做某事试一试6.meantodosth.打算、意欲做某事;meandoingsth.意味着做某事,1.(2008上海卷)Iftheresalotofwork_,Iamhappytojustkeeponuntilitisfinished.A.todoB.tobedoingC.doneD.doing2.(2007全国卷I)Thelastone_paysthemeal.Agreed!A.arrivedB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving,真题再现,知识链接,二、考查不定式,现在分词,过去分词作定语的用法。,1.考查不定式作定语的用法,不定式作定语,不定式与被修饰词往往有动宾关系，一般式表示将来，进行式表示与谓语动作同时发生，完成式表示在谓语动词之前发生。当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式一般用被动语态，但toblame的主动形式表示被动意义。,2.考查现在分词作定语的用法,1.(2006上海春)Therearehundredsofvisitor_infrontoftheArtGallerytohavealookatVanGoghspaintings.A.waitedB.towaitC.waitingD.wait2.(2006辽宁卷)Iwastoldthattherewereabout50foreignstudents_Chineseintheschool,most_werefromGermany.A.study;ofwhomB.study;ofthemC.studying;ofthemD.studying;ofwhom,真题再现,知识链接,现在分词作定语表示正在进行的动作或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。被修饰的名词就是该现在分词的逻辑主语，逻辑主语是现在分词表示的动作的执行者。单个现在分词作定语前置，现在分词短语作定语后置。,3.考查过去分词作定语的用法,真题再现,知识链接,过去分词作定语，表示完成或被动的动作,与被修饰名词为被动关系。被修饰名词是动词的宾语。过去分词做定语相当于一个含被动语态的定语从句。单个词放在所修饰词前，短语放在所修饰词后。,1.(2008上海卷)Throughouthistory,thelanguage_byapowerfulgroupspreadsacrossacivilizationA.speakingB.spokenC.tospeakD.tobespoken2.(2008浙江卷)Itisoneofthefunniestthings_ontheInternetsofarthisyear.A.findingB.beingfoundC.tofindD.found3.(2007上海卷)TheTownHall_inthe1800swasthemostdistinguishedbuildingatthattime.A.tobecompletedB.havingbeencompletedC.completedD.beingcompleted,三、考查不定式,现在分词,过去分词作宾补的用法。,1.考查动词不定式作宾语补足语的常见搭配,1.(2007北京卷)Excusemesir,whereisRoom301?Justaminute.IllhaveBob_youtoyourroom.A.showB.showsC.toshowD.showing2.(2008上海卷)Duetotheheavyrainandflooding,tenmillionpeoplehavebeenforced_theirhomes.A.leavingB.toleaveC.tobeleftD.beingleft,真题再现,知识链接,1.需要不定式作宾语补足语的动词：ask,advise,allow,beg,believe,callon,cause,command,direct,feel,expect,enable,encourage,force,get,hate,intend,invite,lead，like,order,permit,persuade,prefer，request,remind,teach,tell,want,warn,wish等。2.要求省掉不定式的to作宾补的动词：feel,have,hear,help,let,listento,lookat,make,notice,observe,see,watch等。,2.考查现在分词作宾语补足语的常见搭配,真题再现,知识链接,以下动词可以接现在分词作宾补：see,hear,smell,feel,watch,find,notice,observe,lookat,listento,catch等表示感觉的动词，现在分词的动作与谓语同时发生或正在进行的动作。have,keep,get,set,send,leave等表示“致使”等意义的动词。,1.(2008上海卷)Mysister,aninexpensiverider,wasfoundsittingonthebicycle_tobalanceit.A.havingtriedB.tryingC.totryD.tried2.(2007全国卷I)Ismellsomething_inthekitchen.CanIcallyoubackinaminute?A.burningB.burntC.beingburntD.tobeburnt3.(2007上海卷)Afteraknockatthedoor,thechildheardhismothersvoice_him.A.callingB.calledC.beingcalledD.tocall,3.考查过去分词作宾语补足语的常见搭配,真题再现,知识链接,1.(2005天津卷)Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.Youvehadit_oftenenough.A.explainingB.toexplainC.explainD.explained2.(2007福建卷)JennyhopesthatMr.SmithwillsuggestagoodwaytohaveherwrittenEnglish_inashortperiod.A.improvedB.improvingC.toimproveD.improve,过去分词作宾语补足语用于下列结构：1.keep/leave+宾语+过去分词(表状态的动词)。2.have/get+宾语+过去分词:(A)让/请/叫某人做某事;(B)遭遇到某种不幸。(C)使某事完成。3.make+oneself+过去分词。常见的过去分词有：understood,known,heard，respected，noticed等。4.watch(notice,see,hear,listento,feel,find)+宾语+过去分词(强调宾语所处的状态)5.want(wish,like,expect,order)+宾语+过去分词。,四、考查不定式,现在分词,过去分词作状语的用法。,1.考查动词不定式作目的状语的常见结构,1.(2008北京卷)Didthebookgivetheinformationyouneeded?Yes.But_it,Ihadtoreadtheentirebook.A.tofindB.findC.tofindingD.finding2.(2007上海春)_thesafetyofgas,thegovernmenthascheckedthecitysgassupplysystemthoroughly.AToensureBEnsuringCHavingensured.DTohaveensured3.(2006广东卷)_thiscake,youllneed2eggs,175gsugarand175gflour.A.HavingmadeB.MakeC.TomakeD.Making,真题再现,考点说明,只有不定式作目的状语，表示在谓语动词动作之后发生的动作。为了表示强调，不定式前加inorder或soas.,2.考查不定式,分词作结果状语的常见结构,真题再现,考点说明,1.不定式作结果状语的情况较少，主要出现在下列结构中：(1)tootodo结构;(2).enoughtodo结构；(3)only/justtodo(不料却)。近几年高考命题只考查only/justtodo结构,且是高考热点。2.作结果状语的大多是分词，常在句末,用逗号隔开。,1.(2006陕西卷)Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly_thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told2.(2005山东卷)Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear,_arecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.A.havereachedB.reachingC.toreachD.tobereaching3.(2005全国卷I)Thestormleft,_alotofdamagetothisarea.A.causedB.tohavecausedC.tocauseD.havingcaused,3.考查分词作原因、条件状语的常见结构,1.(2008重庆卷)_toreachthemonthephone,wesentanemailinstead.A.FailB.FailedC.TofailD.Havingfailed2.(2006福建卷)._forthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork,Alicewasinlowspirits.A.BlamingB.BlamedC.ToblameD.Tobeblamed3.(2007浙江卷)_byagreaterdemandofvegetables,farmershavebuiltmoregreenhouses.A.DrivenB.BeingdrivenC.TodriveD.Havingdriven,真题再现,考点说明,1.现在分词和过去分词都可作原因、条件状语。但现在分词表将来或主动，过去分词表完成和被动。表示原因，相当于because,since和as引导的原因状语从句。表示条件，相当于if条件状语从句。2.现在分词有时态和语态的变化，过去分词只有一般式。,4.考查现在分词和过去分词作时间状语的基本用法,真题再现,考点说明,1.(2006浙江卷)When_differentcultures,weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithoutnoticingthemanysimilarities.A.comparedB.beingcomparedC.comparingD.havingcompared2.(2008安徽卷)_inthefieldsonaMarchafternoon,hecouldfeelthewarmthofspring.A.Towalk.B.WalkingC.WalkedD.Havingwalked3.(2007陕西卷）_thatshedidntdoagoodjob,IdontthinkIamablerthanher.A.TohavesaidB.HavingsaidC.TosayD.Saying,分词作时间状语，相当于when,before,while,after,since引导的时间状语从句。分词短语有时可由连词while或when引出。如果非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是主谓关系,则用现在分词。如果非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是动宾关系,则用过去分词。现在分词有时态和语态的变化，而过去分词只有一般式。,5.考查现在分词和过去分词作方式或伴随状语的用法,真题再现,考点说明,1.(2008辽宁卷)Hewasbusywritingastory,only_onceinawhiletosmokeacigarette.A.tostopB.stoppingC.tohavestoppedD.havingstopped2.(2006全国卷II)Weoftenprovideourchildrenwithtoys,footballsorbasketballs,_thatallchildrenlikethesethings.A.thinkingB.thinkC.tothinkD.thought3.(2006安徽卷)Mycousincametoseemefromthecountry,_meafullbasketoffreshfruits.A.broughtB.bringingC.tobringD.hadbrought4.(2007重庆卷)Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons_fortheday.A.finishingB.finishedC.hadfinishedD.werefinished,现在分词和过去分词作方式或伴随状语是高考考查的重点和热点。特别是历年全国卷中现在分词作方式状语的用法几乎年年考查。,五、考查非谓语动词的特殊句型及其它用法。,1.考查“S+issaidtodo/tohavedone.”句型,1.(2007辽宁卷)ThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofLiuXiang,whowasreported_theworldrecordinthe110-meterhurdlerace.A.breakingB.havingbrokenC.tohavebrokenD.break2.(2005江苏卷)IsBobstillperforming?Imafraidnot.Heissaid_thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.A.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenleftD.tobeleft3.(2006湖北卷)AIDSissaid_thebiggesthealthchallengetobothmenandwomeninthatareaoverthepastfewyears.A.thatitisB.tobeC.thatithasbeenD.tohavebeen,真题再现,知识链接,句型“Itis+said/believed/supposed/known/etc.+that-clause”可以转换为“S+issaid/believe/supposed/known+todo/tohavedone”。当不定式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时或之后发生，不定式用一般式，当不定式表示的动作在谓语动词的动作之前发生，不定式用完成式。,2.考查“情感类使动词”的-ing和-ed形式作形容词的区别,真题再现,知识链接,情感类使动词的现在分词形式用来说明事物或人的特征或性质，常修饰说明表示物的名词。过去分词形式用来指人的感觉或所处的状态，常修饰表示人或人的表情的名词。,1.(2007江苏卷)Heisverypopularamonghisstudentsashealwaystriestomakethem_inhislectures.A.interestedB.interestingC.interestD.tointerest2.(2006天津卷)Agoodstorydoesnotnecessarilyhavetohaveahappyending,butthereader_mustnotbeleft.A.unsatisfiedB.unsatisfyingC.tobeunsatisfyingD.beingunsatisfied3.(2006四川卷)Didyouenjoyyourselfattheparty.Yes.Iveneverbeento_onebefore.A.amoreexcitedB.themostexcitedC.amoreexcitingD.themostexciting,真题再现,知识链接,1.(2007四川卷)Theflowe