中国传统文化简介-英文

ABriefIntroductiontoChineseTraditionalCulture中国传统文化简介,磁器五(2）康智博,TheChineseZodiacandDragon（十二生肖和龙）,Clothing（服装）,EmperorYanandHuang（炎帝和黄帝）,ChineseInventions（中国的发明）,FamousChinesePeople（中国的名人）,EmperorYanandHuang,EmperorHuangandYan,ChinahasalonghistoryofMorethan5,000yearsofcivilization!TheEmperorYanandHuangareconsideredasourcommonancestors.,EmperorHuangandYan,Everyyear,ontheTomb-sweepingDay(usuallyonApril5th）,thousandsofChinesepeoplecomebackfromallovertheworldtothetomboftheiroldestancestorsinShaanxiprovincetoparticipatetheannualmemorialceremony.,ChineseZodiacandDragon,ChineseZodiac,TheChineseZodiac(生肖)consistsoftwelveanimalsigns,eachrepresentingayearaccordingtothelunarcalendar.Thetwelveanimalsignsare:Rat;Ox;Tiger;Rabbit;Dragon;Snake;Horse;Sheep;Monkey;Chicken;DogandPig.Theorderoftheanimalsisoftenexplainedwithafolk-taleabouthowtheanimalsweresummoned（召唤）toheavenbytheJadeEmperor.Thedragon,astheonlyanimalofthetwelvethatcouldfly,wasexpectedtoarrivefirst.Butthedragonsnatureistobehelpful,andhestoppedtohelpsomevillagersandthentherabbit,sohewasthefifthanimaltoarrivefortheJadeKingsfeast.ThisyearistheyearofMonkey!,WhatisyourChineseZodiac?,Dragon,WealsobelievethatwearethedescendantsoftheDragon.TheimagesofthemythicDragoncanbefoundonmanyobjects.,Dragon,Thedragonhasninesons.Theninedragonhavedifferentthemes,andtheyallhavedifferentversionstoo.Oneversionis:The1stsonlovesmusic.TheheadofNumber1sonbecomesadecorationformusicinstrument,suchastwo-stringedbowedviolin(囚牛huqin).The2ndsonlovesfighting.ManydifferenthandlesofweaponshavethesymbolofNumber2son.(睚眦yazi)The3rdsonlovesadventureandkeepingguard.Hehasprestigeandisthesymbolofsafety,harmonyandpeace.(嘲风chaofeng)The4thsonloveshowling.TheimageofNumber4soncanbefoundonthebigbells.Itisasymbolofprotectionandalertness.(蒲牢pulao)The5thsonlovesquietness,sitting,fireandsmoke.Hisimageisoftenfoundintemples,suchasonincenseburners.(狻猊suanni),Dragon,The6thsonhasthepowerofstrength.Helovestocarryheavystufftoshowoffhismagicenergy.Heisasymboloflongevityandgoodluck.(霸下baxia)The7thsonlovestoseekjustice.Chineseliketoapplyhissymbolaroundlaw,court,orjail.(狴犴bigan)The8thsonlovesliterature.Chineseliketoputthe8thsonasasymbolaroundsteles（石碑）.Whenusedinthisway,itisasymbolofknowledgeoreducation.(负质fuzhi)The9thsonloveswater.Heisasymboltopreventfiredisasters.(螭吻chiwen),Dragon,DragoninWesternCulture,CanyoumakeacomparisonbetweenChineseDragonandWesternDragon?,Clothing,Clothing,Chinesegarmentdesignhasundergoneaverylonghistoryofevolution,therehavebeenalotsofdifferentstyles.Qipao,thetypicalChinesewomansdress,wasoriginatedfromManchurianwomensgown,andhasbeenremoldedagainandagaintomeetthemoderntaste.,Clothing,WhilemosturbanChinesemenandwomenhaveglobalizedtheirdailydressings,someremoteethnicminoritiesstillhavekepttheirbeautifultraditionalgarments.,Clothing,SilkisaChineseinvention.Silkisoneoftheoldestknowntextilefibersand,accordingtoChinesetradition,wasusedaslongagoasthe27thcenturyBC.ThesilkwormmothwasoriginallyanativeofChina,andforabout30centuriesthegatheringandweavingofsilkwasasecretprocess,knownonlytotheChinese.,Clothing,嫘祖（西陵氏之女）Leizu:thefounderofSericulture.Accordingtosomeancientstory,Leizu,thewifeofEmperorHuang,wasthefirstwomanwhobegintoraisesilkworms.,Clothing,ThehistoricaltraderoutebetweenChinaandtheWestwascalledthe“theSilkRoad.”,TheSilkRoadwasnotatraderoutethatexistedsolelyforthepurposeoftradinginsilk;manyothercommoditieswerealsotraded,fromgoldandivorytoexoticanimalsandplants.Ofallthepreciousgoodscrossingthisarea,silkwasperhapsthemostremarkableforthepeopleoftheWest.,ChineseInventions,ChineseInventions,Compassisveryimportantintravelingoutside,andthisisjustagreatinventionofChinese.,Thecompasscomposedofamagneticspoonandacopperplatewithorientationmarks.Turnthespoonandletitrunning,whenitstops,thehandleofitwillpointstotheSouth.,ChineseInventions,CaiLun(TsaiLun,蔡伦)(?-121),wasaChineseeunuchwholivedaroundAD105oftheEasternHanDynasty.Heistheinventorofpaper.Forpapermaking,hetriedmaterialslikebark,hemp,andevenfishingnet.,TheinventionofpaperisagreatcontributiontotheworldmadebyChinesepeople!,ChineseInventions,AnothergreatcontributionofChinaisthetechniqueofprinting.,Thestereotypingwasappearedin11thcenturyoftheNorthSongDynasty,whichwas300yearsearlierthanGutenbergstime.,WhatisthefouthinventionofChina?,FamousChinesePeople,FamousChinesePeople,Confucius(孔子)(circa551-479BC）,ConfuciuswasaChineseteacher,editor,politician,andphilosopheroftheSpringandAutumnperiodofChinesehistory.ThephilosophyofConfuciusemphasizedpersonalandgovernmentalmorality,correctnessofsocialrelationships,justiceandsincerity.HisfollowerscompetedsuccessfullywithmanyotherschoolsduringtheHundredSchoolsofThoughteraonlytobesuppressedinfavoroftheLegalistsduringtheQinDynasty.FollowingthevictoryofHanoverChuafterthecollapseofQin,ConfuciussthoughtsreceivedofficialsanctionandwerefurtherdevelopedintoasystemknownasConfucianism.,FamousChinesePeople,TheLunY(Analects),aworkcompiledbysomeofConfuciusdisciples,isconsideredtobethemostreliablesourceofinformationabouthislifeandteachings.,知者乐水，仁者乐山。知者动，仁者静。知者乐，仁者寿。Thewisemandelightinwater,theGoodmandelightsinmountains.Forthewisemove;buttheGoodstaystill.Thewisearehappy;buttheGood,secure.,FamousChinesePeople,QuYuan(屈原)wasaministeroftheStateofChusituatedinpresent-dayHunanandHubeiprovinces,duringtheWarringStatesPeriod(475-221BC).Hewasupright,loyalandhighlyesteemedforhiswisecounselthatbroughtpeaceandprosperitytothestate.However,whenadishonestandcorruptprincevilifiedQu,hewasdisgracedanddismissedfromoffice.Realizingthatthecountrywasnowinthehandsofevilandcorruptofficials,QugrabbedalargestoneandleaptintotheMiluoRiveronthefifthdayofthefifthmonth.Nearbyfishermenrushedovertotryandsavehimbutwereunabletoevenrecoverhisbody.Thereafter,thestatedeclinedandwaseventuallyconqueredbytheStateofQin.,FamousChinesePeople,TheDragonBoatFestival,alsocalledtheDuanwuFestival,iscelebratedonthefifthdayofthefifthmonthaccordingtotheChinesecalendar.Forthousandsofyears,thefestivalhasbeenmarkedbyeatingzongziwrappedtoformapyramidusingbambooorreedleaves)andracingdragonboats.Thefestivalisbestknownforitsdragon-boatraces,especiallyinthesouthernprovinceswheretherearemanyriversandlakes.ThisregattacommemoratesthedeathofQuYuan,anhonestministerwhoissaidtohavecommittedsuicidebydrowninghimselfinariver.,FamousChinesePeople,NightThoughts(WrittentoMusic)Thebrightmoonshonebeforemybed,Iwondered-wasitfrostupontheground?Iraisedmyheadtogazeattheclearmoon,Bowedmyheadrememberingmyoldhome.,LiPo/Bai(李白)(A.D.701762),thegreatestromanticpoetofChina,TangDynasty,静夜思床前明月光，疑是地上霜。举头望明月，低头思故乡。,FamousChinesePeople,DreamoftheRedChamber（orTheStoryoftheStone）Thestoryorbitsaroundawealthybutdecliningfamily,theJiaclan,whooccupiestwolargefamilycompoundsinthecapital.ThemaincharactersarethepowerfulfamilymatriarchGrandmotherJia,thepeculiargrandsonJiaBaoyu(贾宝玉