It 的用法 英语语法

.carefulperson.,TheuseofIt,PersonalPronouns人称代词,1.用于指事。It用作人称代词最基本的用法就是代替前面已提到过的事物本身，以避免重复。,Icannotfindmywatch；Imusthavelostit.,2.用于指动物或婴儿。主要用于指动物或性别不详的婴儿。,“Whereisthecat?“Itisunderthebed.”,Theygotababyanditisverylovely.,3.用于上文提到的情况。,HesmokesalotinbedandIdontlikeit.,4.用于指人。it用于指人主要用于确定未知人的身份：,“Whoisit？”“Itsme.”,Someonemusthavebeenhere.Butwehavenoideawhoitwas.,5.指人时与he和she的区别。当it用于指人时，主要用于确定未知的或身份不明的人，若是指已知的或身份明确的人，则应根据情况使用he或she。Ihearaknockatthedoor.Itmustbethepostmen.Jimisatthedoor.Hewantstoseeyou.6.指物时与One的区别。两者均可代替前面提到的事物，区别是：It指的是与前面已提到的事物为同一物，此时的It等于“the(this,that,my)+名词;而one指的是与前面已提到的事物为同一类，此时的one等于“a+名词”。.IhaveapenbutIvelentittoMary.Ihaventapen;canyoulendmeone?,1.用于指时间Itsthreeyearssincehelefthere.2.用于指距离Howfarisitfromheretothestation?3.用于指环境Itwasveryquietinthegarden.4.用于指天气等自然现象.Itsverycoldtoday.Its37today.5.用于笼统地谈论某情况Icannothelpit.没办法了。“Howsitgoing？”“well，notsogood.”makeit,catchit,takeiteasy,gotit,Impersonalpronouns虚主语或虚宾语,Preparatorysubject形式主语,基本用法。当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，通常在句首使用形式主语it，而把真正的主语放在句子末尾：Isitnecessarytodoso？Itdoesntmatterwhatshesays.,几种常见的形式主语句型It+be+adj.+todo/thatItisimportanttokeepahealthydiet.Itissurprisingthatheiscomingtoday,2.Its+n.+doing/todo/that从句Itisnouse/goodgoingtheresoearly.Itisagoodhabittogetupearlyinthemorning.Itisapitythatyoucannotgotothepartytonight.,3,Its+过去分词+that/wh-从句(said,believed,thought,reported,known,decided)Itisreportedthat6peoplewerekilledinthatcaraccident.ItisknownthatTaiwanisapartofChina.Itisnotdecidedwhenthemeetingwillbeheld.,4.用作动词look、seem、appear、happen、occur、follow等的主语（后接that从句或asif从句）：Itseemsasifitisgoingtorain.It（so）happenedthatIhadnomoneywithme.Itappearsthatheisterriblyill.,3误用形式主语的几种情况:在该用it作形式主语的地方而误用其他词Is_necessarytotellhisfathereverything?A.itB.thatC.whatD.he在不该用it作形式主语的地方而误用形式主语_mustbesomethingwrongwiththemachine.A.ThereB.ItC.HeD.That_isknowntoall,theearthrunsaroundtheearth._isknowntoallthattheearthrunsaroundtheearth.A.ItB.whichC.AsD.That_isdifficulttopersuadehertostay._isdifficultistopersuadehertostay.A.ItB.whatC.HeD.That,C,A,A,B,1.基本用法：当不定式.动名词从句等用作宾语且其后跟有宾补时,就应在宾补前使用形式宾语,而将真正的宾语移到句末:Wefounditdifficulttopersuadeher.Hemakeitaruletogetupbeforedawn.2.几种特殊的形式宾语：通常意义的形式宾语主要见于真正宾语为不定式.动名词从句等且其后跟有宾语补足语时的情形，即用于“动词it宾语补足语真正宾语”这样的结构，但以下几类形式宾语比教特殊，其后没有宾补：由于介词后通常不能直接跟从句作宾语，有个别特殊结构就在介词后先接it作形式宾语，再跟that从句：Youmaydependonitthathewillturnupintime.Illseetoitthatalltheseletterswillbesenttothepostofficebeforetwelve.,用作形式宾语,1.基本用法：当不定式.动名词从句等用作宾语且其后跟有宾补时,就应在宾补前使用形式宾语,而将真正的宾语移到句末:Wefounditdifficulttopersuadeher.Hemakeitaruletogetupbeforedawn.,Preparatoryobject形式宾语,2.几种特殊的形式宾语：由于介词(but和except除外)后通常不能直接跟从句作宾语，有个别特殊结构就在介词后先接it作形式宾语，再跟that从句：Iknownothingabouthimexceptthathelivesnextdoor.Youmaydependonitthathewillturnupintime.Illseetoitthatalltheseletterswillbesenttothepostofficebeforetwelve.,有的动词由于通常只用作及物动词，当它们后接if从句或when从句，通常应先在动词后接it作形式宾语。Shewontlikeitifyouarrivelate.Hehatesitwhenpeopleusehisbike.主要有enjoy，like，dislike，love，hate，prefer，appreciate等表示情绪的动词。Ihate_whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.itB.thatC.theseD.them用于haveitthat（说、认为）,takeitthat（认为）等固定表达中:Itakeitthatyouagree.Reporthasitthatabout30peoplewerekilledintheaccident.,A,Itforemphasis强调句型复习,我们昨天在班会上选举他为班长。,强调句型是英语中的一种重要的句子结构，它可以强调除谓语以外的其它成分，是英语学习者必须掌握的一种重点句型，因而在高考英语试卷上占有一席之地。现对强调句型的各个主要方面作以归纳。,Weelectedhimmonitorattheclassmeetingyesterday.主宾宾补地状时状,Itwaswethat/whoelectedhimmonitorattheclassmeetingyesterday.（强调主语）,Itwashimthat/whomweelectedmonitorattheclassmeetingyesterday.（强调宾语）,Itwasmonitorthatweelectedhimattheclassmeetingyesterday.（强调宾补）,Itwasattheclassmeetingthatweelectedhimmonitoryesterday.（强调地点状语）,一，基本结构：Itis(was)+被强调部分+that（强调部分是人时也可用who/whom）+其他成分,Eg:Weelectedhimmonitorattheclassmeetingyesterday.主宾宾补地状时状,二、强调句型的判断把“It,be，that”去掉，如果剩余部分句子结构仍然完整（被强调部分要还原到原位置），那么这个句子就是强调句；如果句子不完整，则不是强调句。如：（1）Itishewho/thatoftenhelpsmewithmyEnglish.Itisonthehillsidethatweplanttreeseveryyear.Itwasbecauseofbadweatherthatthefootballmatchhadtobeputoff.分析：去掉Itis/was.that/who句子后结构仍然完整，句意仍明确，都是强调句。Itwas9oclockwhenwecamebackItwas3hourssincewehadcomeback,分析：在上面例句中若去掉Itwas.when/before/since等后，句子结构就不完整，所以不是强调句。,2）Itwasatthetheatre_Lincolnwasmurdered.Itwasthetheatre_Lincolnwasmurdered.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.theone,C,B,Itwasourteacher_didtheexperimentinthelablastnight.whomB.thatC.whichD.whereItwastenyearsago_MissGaoreturnedtoChina.A.thatB.whenC.sinceD.asItwas_hesaid_disappointedme.(Shanghai99)A.what;thatB.that;thatC.what;whatD.that;whatItwasforthisreason_herunclemovedoutofNewYorkandsettleddowninasmallvillage.(Shanghai2001,spring)A.whichB.whyC.thatD.how,B,A,A,C,三、强调句型几注意1.句首词用“It”，不能用“This”，“That”等。2.be动词的形式是is或was，不能用复数形式are或were。（3)It_theChinesewomenthat_agreatroleinthesocialistconstruction.Ais;playsBare;playCis;playDare;plays（4)_alltheseexercises_allofuscandotomorrow.AItis;thatBItwas;thatCTheyare;whichDItwillbe;that3.被强调的部分如果是代词，强调主语用主格，强调宾语用宾格。如：（5）Itishimthat/who/whomImetinthestreetyesterday.（6）ItisIwho/thatamwrong.,C,A,4.连接词一般用that，当强调部分是人时，既可用that也可用who.特别注意当强调部分是时间状语或地点状语时，不能用when或where。Itwasatthegate_hetoldmethenewsA.thatB.whatC.whichD.when5.主谓一致问题（8）ItisMarywhooften_(help)mewithmyEnglish.（9）ItisIthat_(be)againstyou.（10）ItistheboystudentsofClassTwowho_(be)playingfootballontheplayground.（11）ItisMrGreen,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,that_inChinanow.AareBisCwasDwere,A,helps,am,are,B,6.notuntil结构的强调：强调“notuntil”引导的时间状语时，要用“itis/wasnotuntilthat”结构,，that后面的句子要用肯定式，且须用陈述句语序。,(14)Itwasnotuntil1920_regularradiobroadcastbegan.A.whileB.whichC.thatD.since,(C),(15)Itwasnot_shetookoffherdarkglasses_Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when;thatB.until;thatC.until;whenD.when;then,B,(16)Itwas_backhomeaftertheexperiment.A.notuntilmidnightdidhegoB.untilmidnightthathedidntgoC.notuntilmidnightthathewentD.untilmidnightwhenhedidntgo,C,（17）Itwasnotuntil_that_topreparehislessons.(Shanghai91)A.didhisfathercomein;theboybeganB.hisfathercamein;theboybeganC.didhisfathercomein;didtheboybeginD.hisfathercameindidtheboybegin(18)Notuntil_topreparehislessons.,B,注意:(18)是notuntil的另一种强调形式：Eg:Thevillagersdidntrealizehowseriousthepollutionwasuntilallthefishdiedintheriver.,D,Itwasnotuntilallthefishdiedintheriverthatthevillagersrealizedhowseriousthepollutionwas.,Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriverdidthevillagersrealizehowseriousthepollutionwas.,7.疑问句的强调结构：一般疑问句：Is/Was+it+that+句子的其他部分（陈述语序）。简单的答语为：“Yes,itis/was.”或“No,itisnt/wasnt.”(19)-Was_thatIsawlastnightattheconcert?(Shanghai97)-No,itwasnt.A.ityouB.notyouC.youD.thatyourself(20)-WasntitDrWangwhospoketoyoujustnow?-_.(Shanghai96)A.Ididntknowhewas.B.Yes,itwas.C.No,hewasnt.D.Yes,hedid.(21)Wasitin1969_theAmericanastronautsucceeded_landingonthemoon?(Shanghai95)A.when;onB.that;onC.when;inD.that;in,A,B,D,Eg:Wheredidyouseehercellphoneyesterday?Wherewasitthatyousawhercellphoneyesterday?（强调特殊疑问词where）,8.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that+句子的其他部分（陈述语序）。,Howwillyougotovisithertomorrow?Howisitthatyouwillgotovisithertomorrow?（强调特殊疑问词how）,(22)Ireallydontknow_Ihadmymoneystolen.AwhereisitthatBwhenitisthatCwhereitwasthatDitwaswherethat,C,(23)_findmywallet,Tom?A.WheredidyouthatB.WherewasityouC.WherehaveyouD.Wherewasitthatyou,D,(24).Wherewasit_youfoundthelostchild?A.whoB.thatC.whichD.what,B,9.从句的强调：,（25）Icamehomelatebecauseitwasraininghard.ItwasbecauseitwasraininghardthatIcamehomelate.(强调状语从句)（注意：被强调的原因状语从句只能用because引导，不能用as或since引导)(26)Whatyousaidreallymadeussad.Itwaswhatyousaidthatreallymadeussad.(强调主语从句),(28).ItwasonlywhenIrereadhispoemsrecently_Ibegantoappreciatetheirbeauty.(NMET98)A.untilB.thatC.thenD.so(29)_thepeople_havebecomethemastersoftheircountry_sciencecanreallyservethepeople.A.Itisonlywhen;that;whereBTheyare;/;whenC.Itisonlywhen;/;thatDItwaswhen;that;then,C,B,(27)Itwashowtheyoungmanhadlearnedfiveforeignlanguages_attractedtheaudiencesinterest.(Shanghai2000,spring)A.sothatB.thatC.whatD.inwhich,B,Itwaswheretherehadbeenatheatrethattheybuiltanewmodernschool他们是在以前曾有过一个剧场的地方建造了一所新的现代化学校。,10.强调时间状语和地点状语时与定语从句的区别：（30）Itwasin1921thatourPartywasfounded.(强调句式)（31）Itwas1921whenourPartywasfounded.(定语从句),(32)Itwasonthefarmthatwepractisedplantingcrops.=Wepractisedplantingcropsonthefarm.(33)Itwasthefarmwherewelearnedalot.(34)ItwasatthestreetcornerthatImetLucyyesterday.=ImetLucyatthestreetcorneryesterday(35)ItwasthestreetcornerwhereImetLucyyesterday.,(36)Wasitinthispalace_thelastemperordied?(MET88)A.thatB.inwhichC.inwhereD.which,A,11.强调句型与主语从句的区别：,强调句型可以还原成正常语序的句子，也就是说，强调句型中去掉Itbethat后，句子仍然通顺，意义也依然完整，只是没有那么强调突出。而含主语从句的复合句中的it是指示代词，后面多为系表结构或被动语态。如果去掉Itbethat，句子就不通顺了。如：ItwasinthelabthatwastakenchargebyProfessorHarristhattheydidtheexperiment.,（=TheydidtheexperimentinthelabthatwastakenchargebyProfessorHarris.）,Itiscertainthatheishonestandmodest.很显然，他是诚实而谦虚的。ItisknowntoallthatpaperwasmadefirstinChina.众所周知，纸是中国人最早制造出来的。,四.谓语的强调,Ddo(does/did)引出强调句1.在谓语动词之前（通常是现在时和过去时的句子，可用助动词do(does/did)来强调动词,这时谓语动词须用原形动词。Do(does/did)可译成“确实”“的确”。Tomygreatjoy,theplantdidlookexactlylikewhatwewerelookingfor.Hedoesworkhardandfinishthejobintime.2.在肯定的祈使句中，用动词do来加强语气，可译成“务必，一定，千万”(24)Docomeandseeussomeday.(25)Dogivehermyregards.,1._shefirstheardofthemanreferredtoasaspecialist.(1990.1)AThatwasfromStephenBItwasStephenwhomCItwasfromStephenthatD.ItwasStephenthat2.WhenItrytounderstand_thatpreventssomanyAmericansfrombeingashappyasoneexpect,itseemstomethattherearetwocauses.(1998.1),A.whyitdoesB.whatitdoesC.whatitisD.whyitis,3.Itwas_thenextmorningthatIbegantothinkaboutwhereIwasgoing.A.beforeB.afterC.whenD.notuntil,4.It_herbrother_shewillborrowthemoney.A.isfromthatB.isfromwhoC.iswhomD.isthat,C,C,D,A,5.It_onthetelephonethatIspoketomywifeinNewZealand.A.isB.wasC.areD.were6.ItwasJohn_boughtanewringforLilyyesterdayafternoon.A.thereforeB.whoC.whichD.sothat,B,B,7Itwaslastyear_youtaughtmehowtodrive.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.which8Itwasinthefactory_producedTVsets_ourfriendwasmurdered.A.which/whichB.that/whichC.that/thatD.where/that,B,C,9.Itwaswithgreatcare_theydidthejob.A.whereB.whenC.thatD.who,C,我来考考你,Thisisthefarm_heusedtowork.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inwhich,C,where=onwhich定语从句成分分析（缺什么用什么）,变式呈现,（1）Itisthefarm_heusedtowork.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inwhich,Think！,(2)ItwasI_lostthebook.(3)Itwasthebook_Ilost.(4)Itwasyesterday_Ilostthebook.(5)Itwasinthestreet_Ilostthebook.,思考解题,答案：that,A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD.where,分析比较,（1）Itisthefarm_heusedtowork.（5）Itwasinthestreet_Ilostthebook.,不同：第一，例(1)为Itis，例(5)为Itwas；第二，例(1)为名词短语thefarm，例(5)为介词短语inthestreet。所以,where,that,定语从句,强调句型,强调句型的特点:用来强调一个句子中除谓语以外的句子成分。去掉强调句式Itis/wasthat(who,whom)后，剩余句子的结构和句意是完整的。,结论,A.常见的强调句的陈述形式Iboughtthiscarinthatshoplastmonth.ItwasIwho/thatboughtthiscarinthatshoplastmonth.(强调主语)ItwasthiscarthatIboughtinthatshoplastmonth.(强调宾语)ItwasinthatshopthatIboughtthiscarlastmonth.(强调地点状语)ItwaslastmonththatIboughtthiscarinthatshop.(强调时间状语),注：在此种句型中,被强调部分可以是主语，状语，宾语，谓语部分不可以被强调,B.强调句的一般问句和特殊问句,一般问句形式是：Is/Wasit+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他成分？如:Wasitthiscarthatyouboughtinthatshoplastmonth?特殊问句形式是：Wh-疑问词+is/was+that/who+句子其他成分？如：WhenwasitthatIboughtthiscarinthatshop?,c.“notuntil”句型的强调结构为,Ididntfinishmyhomeworkuntil5:00.,Itwasnotuntil5:00thatIfinishedmyhomework.,Itwasnotuntilhegraduatedfromhighschoolthatherealizedhismistakes.,Hedidntrealizehismistakesuntilhegraduatedfromhighschool.,“Itis/wasnotuntilthat”,新旧知识联系,(11)Itwasthreehoursago_helefthere.(答案:that，强调句型)(12)Itwasthreeoclock_helefthere.(答案:when，时间状语从句)(13)Itisthreehours_helefthere.(答案:since，时间状语从句)(14)Itwillbethreehours_heleaveshere.(答案:before，时间状语从句)(15)Itwasntlong_helefthere.(答案:before，时间状语从句),解题法：删除法缺什么用什么,用that,before,when,since完成句子,探究交流发现,(6)Itwas6oclock_hegotup.(7)Itwasat6oclock_hegotup.(8)Itwasatthestation_Imethim.(9)Itwasthere_Imethim.(10)Itwasthismorning_theaccidenthappened.,Keys：,when,that,that,that,that,注意,1.当被强调部分指人时，可用that，也可用who；指物时，只用that,ItwasTom（）Imetlastweek.Itisanewbook()hisbrotherwantstobuy.,2.强调状语时,Itisat5oclock()thetrainwillarrive.Itwasinthepark()IsawKatelastweek.,who(that),that,that(不用when),that(不用where),只用that,不用when,where.,注意,3.被强调的部分是主语时，注意句子的谓语动词和被强调的主语保持一致。如：Itishewho_late.Itistheythat_late.,is,are,4、强调句型中的be动词和情态动词的结合。句式结构:Itmaybe+被强调部分+thatItmusthavebeen+被强调部分+thatCoulditbe+被强调部分+that?1ItmighthavebeenJohn_boughtanewbookforMaryyesterday.A.whatB.sinceC.thatD.then再如：2Itmaybenextweek_sheleavesforTokyo.,that,6、强调句型中含有名词性从句。句式结构为:整个强调句型用作名词性从句;Ivealreadyforgotten_youputthedictionary.A.thatitwasthereB.wherewasitthatC.thatwhereitwasD.whereitwasthat,7.强调句型中含有：Itwasattheverybeginning_Mr.Foxmadethedecision_weshouldsendmorefirefighters消防队员there.A.when;whichB.where;whatC.then;soD.that;that,同位语从句,8、强调句型中含有定语从句。,Itwasinthesmallhouse_wasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfather_hespenthischildhood.A.which;thatB.that;whereC.which;whichD.that;which,9、强调句型中含有状语从句。Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidntcome.Itwassinceshecameherethatshebegantocrying.Itiswhenhefoundamousethatherealizeditwasadirtyroom.,被强调的部分是原因，时间，等状语从句。,巩固练习,完成练习,小结,2.去掉Itwasthat后，句子还是完整的，所以它们仍然是强调句型。反之则是其他从句。ItwasinthehallthatweheldtheEnglishparty.（强调句）WeheldtheEnglishpartyinthehall.Itwasthehallwhere(inwhich)weheldtheEnglishparty.(定语从句),1.强调句型：“Itis（was）被强调的部分that（who）原句其它部分”来强调说话人的意愿。that前为被强调部分，that后为句子的其余部分。,Practicemakesperfect!,Mayyousucceedinyourstudies!,DomoreexercisesabouttheEmphaticSentence.,“it”foremphasis强调句型,“it”foremphasis强调句型,It用于强调句型中（略）,高考真题精选：1.Is_possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?A.nowB.manC.thatD.it2.Is_necessarytocompletethedesignbeforeNationalDay?AthisB.thatC.itD.he3.Idontthink_possibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemorywork.AthisB.thatC.itsD.it4.Does_matterifhecantfinishthejobontime?AthisB.thatC.heD.it,D,C,D,D,5._isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It6.Ihate_whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.itB.thatC.themD.7.TheParkersboughtanewhousebut_willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein.A.theyB.itC.oneD.which高考仿真题精选：1.Luckily,_happenedtobeaforeignteacher.A.itB.thereC.theyD.that2.Youshouldmake_aruletoleavethingswhereyoucanfindthemagain.A.itB.thatC.youD.this3._isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What,D,A,B,B,A,B,4.IwantverymuchtobuyacolorTVset,butIcantafford_A.itB.oneC.thisD.that5.Ishouldprefer_ifyoudidntgotherealone.A.itB.thatC.youD.which6.Heisalwaysreallyrude,_iswhypeopletendtoavoidhim.A.thatB.itC.thisD.which7.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,but_remainstobeseenwhethertheywillenjoyit.A.thatB.itC.thisD.which8.Dearme！Justlookatthetime！Ihadnoidea_wassolate.A.itB.asC.thatD.what9._ishardistodogoodalloneslifeandneverdoanythingbad.A.HeB.ItC.ThatD.What,B,A,D,B,A,D,10._ishardtodogoodalloneslifeandneverdoanythingbad.A.HeB.ItC.ThatD.What11._doesntseemtohavebeenmuchdifficultyinsolvingtheproblemA.ItB.ThatC.ThereD.He12.IcantrememberaChristmaswhen_snowedsomuch.A.itB.thatC.whatD.theweather,B,C,A,Preparatorysubject,adj.,difficult/easy/necessary/important,n.,pleasure/pity/shame/fun,v.,Itis/was,Itis/was(a/an),It,appearsseemslookscertainissaid,that,Preparatoryobject,v.,Sb.+,thinkmakeitfind,+adj.,todo+that,Tohavesuchamagichouseispleasant.,Itspleasanttohavesuchamagichouse.,Whetherwewillgototheoceanariumhasnotbeendecided.,Ithasnotbeendecidedwhetherwewillgototheoceanarium.,Jointhetwosentencesbyusing“it”asobject.,JanethinksitfunnythatIhavetakenupChinesekungfu.,IhavetakenupChinesekungfu.Janethinksitisfunny.,OprahWinfreymakestotalkaboutgreatmomentsanddifficultiesinpeopleslivespossible.,.,itpossible,Summary4,