第六讲 从句_定语从句

定语从句,TheAttributiveClause,一、定语从句的定义：用来修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词（antecedent）。定语从句一般是由关系代词或关系副词来引导的,相当于名词，形容词和副词的作用。1.DoyouknowthemanwhocametoseeXiaoYangthismorning?2.ThedayisnotfaroffwhenwewillmakeatriptoBritain.3.Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited.(分隔定语从句),二、关系代词和关系副词的作用：1、引导作用2、替代作用3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用（主语，宾语，定语和状语。）Eg:1.Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.2.Thisisthehousewherehewasborn.3.Bill,whowashereyesterday,askedmealotofquestions.,三、关系代词（who,whom,which,that,whose）的指代关系,Eg:1.Heissuchamanwhonevertellsalie.2.Heisthemodelworkerwhom/whoweshouldlearnfrom.3.Adictionaryisabookwhichoftenhelpsustoknowthemeaningsofthewords.4.ThisisthefilmwhichIlikebest.5.Theboywhosefatherisaprofessorisoneofmybestfriends.6.Thehousewhoseroofwasblownawaybythestormwillberebuiltsoon.,四、关系代词which和that的区别：A.关系代词必须用that的情形：1、当先行词被形容词的最高级所修饰ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.2、当先行词被序数词修饰ThefirstcarthatarrivedatthedestinationwasdrivenbyJohn.3、当先行词被theonly,thevery等修饰ThisistheonlyticketthatIgotyesterday.ThisistheverybookthatImlookingfor.,4、当先行词为不定代词时或被不定代词修饰时(all,no,none,everyone,everything,anything,something,much,little)IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?Allthatyouhavetodoistopressthebutton.Thereisnotimethatwecanwaste.,5、当先行词既指人又指物时Thecaranditsdriverthatknockeddowntheoldladyhavebeentakentothepolicestation.6、若主句中有疑问代词who,which为了避免重复,关系代词不要再用who,which.,B.指物时，作介词的宾语，关系代词只能用which;引导非限定性定语从句只能用which.,Thisisthequestionaboutwhichwevehadsomuchdiscussion.,五、关系副词when,where,why的用法,关系副词都等于一个适当的介词which，在从句中作状语When=in/at/on/+which;Where=in/at/on/+which;Why=for/+which,1.Doyoustillrememberthedaywhen(onwhich)wewenttovisitthemuseumtogether?2.Thisisthefactorywhere(inwhich)myfatheronceworked.3.Thisisthereasonwhy(forwhich)hewaslate.,但在强调介词含义时，应保留用介词加关系代词。Thisisthedrawerinwhichthesecretpapersarekept.Theymovedtoanairportinthefront,fromwhichtheycouldattackedtheenemymoreeasily.,指人时只能用who的情况,1.先行词是one,ones,anyone,the(only)one,thoseAnyonewhofinishyourhomeworkcangohomenow.Thosewhowanttotaketheexamarehavingameeting.2.在Therebe开头的句子ThereisacertainMr.Wangwhowantstoseeyou.,六、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,1.限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的修饰成分,否则主句的意思不完整或不成立.非限制性定语从句只对所修饰的词作进一步的说明，去掉之后主句的意思照样完整.2.在形式上看有无逗号分开.,1.Amanwhodoesnottrytolearnfromotherscantachievemuch.2.Thereremanyplays(that)Idliketosee.3.ThisnotewasleftbyXiaoWu,whowashereamomentago.,七.as引导定语从句，多与such和thesame连用，在从句中作主语或宾语。,1.Suchpeopleasyoudescribearerarenowadays.2.Letsdiscussonlysuchquestionsasconcerneveryoneofus.3.Wouldyoupleasebuymethesamenovelasyouboughtforbrotheryesterday,Mum?4.Asweallknow,Johnisanhonestman.比较：SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMarryswedding.,八、注意事项：1、关系代词和关系副词在定从中担当不同成分（先行词要是一个指时间或地点的名词，其后的定语从句则有可能用关系代词或关系副词引导）a、Thisistheplacewhereheworks.Thisistheplacewhich(that)wevisitedlastyear.b、Thatwasthetimewhenhearrived.Doyoustillrememberthedaysthat(which)wespenttogether?c、Thisisthereasonwhyhewent.Thereasonthat(which)hegaveuswasquitereasonable.,eg.Thisisthefactory(which/that)wevisited.Thisisthefactorywhosecarssellwell.Thisisthefactorywhich/thatmakescars.Thisisthefactorywhere/inwhichcarsaremade.Iwillneverforgetthedaywhich/thatwespenttogether.Iwillneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichIfirstmetyou.,九.关系代词as和whichas和which所代表的都是整个句子所表示的内容。有两点不同之处：1.在形式上as引导的非限制定语从句可位于主句后,也可位于主句之前；而which引导的非限制定语从句只能位于主句之后,不能位于主句的前面。2.在意义上，as定语从句和主句的关系一般为一致关系，常译为“正.”，“就象.”Hewaslateagain,aswehadexpected.Hewaslateagain,whichmadetheteacherveryangry.,与之连用的词有know,see,ex