完形填空I专题讲解

走向高考英语,路漫漫其修远兮吾将上下而求索,二轮专题复习,专题,完形填空,题型解读1.完形填空的起源与运用总的原则：“先完意，后完形”。整体的经验模式：整体结构组成部分两种语言模式：,Butironingshirtswasnot_39_work.Itdidntmakeuseoflongmusclesweusedtothrowabaseball，anditwasnta_40_operationlikeice-skating.Ironingwaslikedrivingacaronastreetthathasastopsignevery10feet.Moreover，anironproducedsteamanditcarriedanelementof_41_Ifyoutouchedthewrongpartofit，youdgetburnt.Ifyouforgottoturnitoffwhenyou_42_，youmightburndownthehouse.Asfortechnique，Mom_43_metobeginwiththeflatspacesoutward，alwayspushingtheironforwardintowrinkled(有褶皱的)parts.Collarshadtobedoneright.Momsaidtheywereclosetoyourface，whereeveryonewould_44_them.Overtheyears，Ivelearnedtoironshirtsskillfully，whichgivesmeasenseof_45_WhateverfailuresIsufferinmylife，anironedshirttellsmeIamgoodatsomething._46_，throughironingIvelearnedthemethodforsolvingeventhemosttroublesomeproblems.“_47_wrinklesoneatatime，”asMommighthavesaid，“andbeforelongeverythingwillgetironedout.”,锦囊妙解之一：首句信息,完形填空第一节的首句是一个完整的句子，它提供的信息是把握全文主旨的关键，是理解全文大意的一扇窗户，对理解全文有着重要的启示作用，所以理解首句信息显得很重要。因此，要充分利用首句提供的信息，去挖掘文章的思路，寻找文章的脉络与线索，展开对文章发展的预测。,锦囊妙解之一：首句信息,2014年湖南ThesummerbeforeIwentofftocollege,Momstoodmeinherusualspotbehindtheironingboard(烫衣板)andsaid,“Payattention:Imgoingtoteachyoutoiron.”Momclearlyexplainedherreasonsforthislesson.Iwasgoingtobe37andneededtolearnthisvitalskill.37.A.helpfulB.confidentC.powerfulD.independent(2011广东卷)Ithasbeenarguedbysomethatgiftedchildrenshouldbegroupedinspecialclasses.The_1_isbasedonthebeliefthatinregularclassesthesechildrenareheldbackintheirintellectual(智力的)growthby_2_situationthathasdesignedforthe_3_children.1.A.principleB.theoryC.argumentD.classification2.A.designingB.groupingC.learningD.living3.A.smartB.curiousC.matureD.averageIdidverybadlyatschool.MyheadmasterthoughtIwas36andwhenIwas14hesaid,“Yourenevergoingtobeanythingbutafailure.”36.A.brightB.uselessC.simpleD.hopeful,锦囊妙解之二：根据上下文语境及逻辑关系,所谓语境，就是指文章的上下文。高考完形填空试题中，语境题是考查考生感知语言材料时所具备的基础知识、阅读能力、思维判断能力的综合性试题，要求考生在解答试题时，以语篇为根本，根据试题所处的语言环境来作出正确的判断与选择。该类题型着重考查考生根据上下文提供的信息进行分析、推理、判断的能力。逻辑推理是通过逻辑连词来实现的，逻辑连词是构成语篇的纽带，考生在解题时要充分利用这些逻辑连词，深刻体会句段之间的逻辑关系。常用的逻辑连词主要有：(1)词(包括连词、副词和少数介词)，如and,but,or,because,though,however,yet,therefore,otherwise,despite等；(2)短语，如inotherwords,orrather,inaddition,asaresult,sothat,onthecontrary,insteadof等；(3)分句和独立结构，如thatistosay,whatismore,allthingsconsidered等。,锦囊妙解之二：根据上下文语境及逻辑关系,(2011广东卷)IthasbeenarguedbysomethatgiftedchildrenshouldbegroupedinspecialclassesIobservedanumberof_6_childrenwhoweretakenoutofaspecialclassandplacedina_7_class.Inthespecialclass,theyshowedlittleabilitytousetheirownjudgement,Inregularclass,havingnoworryaboutkeepingup6.A.intelligentB.competentC.ordinaryD.independent7.A.separateB.regularC.newD.boring(2011湖北卷)Inhersecondgrade,Maja_31_hercousin,Jasmina.AfterJasminasdeath,Majaswore31.A.lostB.visitedC.rescuedD.leftHisbigstomachhasalwaysballoonedoutbetweenhisT-shirtandtrousers.Althoughhisfamilyoften43aboutthat,Edrefusedtobuya44T-shirtortoloseweight.（2003年全国）43.A.caredB.forgotC.quarreledD.joked44.A.cleanB.straightC.largerD.darker11,Iclimbedthestairsslowly,carryingabigsuitcase,myfatherfollowingwithtwomore.BythetimeIgottothethirdfloor,Iwas1andthesametimefeelinglonely.Worsestill,Dad2astepandfell,sendingmynewsuitcaserollingdownthestairs.1.A.helplessB.lazyC.anxiousD.tired2.A.tookB.mindedC.missedD.picked(2011湖北卷)butbecauseitdidntfitwell,walkingforMajawaspainful._40_，shemanagedtograduatefromalocalhighschool.40.A.OtherwiseB.ThereforeC.BesidesD.However(2011陕西卷)Hewasstilltravellingquickly,buthiswagons,_43_thegoldandvaluablestheyhadbeencarrying,werenowfulloffarmingtoolsandbagsof_44_.Hewasrushingbacktohelpthemoutofpoverty.43.A.exceptB.insteadofC.apartfromD.alongwith44.A.foodB.jewelsC.moneyD.seeds,锦囊妙解之三：词汇复现（原词复现、词形变化近、反义词复现）,英语语篇的连贯离不开词汇衔接，而英语的词汇衔接关系分为两种：复现和同现。复现是行文必须使用的一种词汇衔接手段，包括原词复现、同(近)义复现、反义、同源词、概括词复现和解释型复现等。可根据单词的复现来填上下文。因而对于解决完形填空的语境理解题，巧用同现复现法尤为有效。一个语篇一定是围绕某个话题进行的，同一话题就会有一些相关联的词语共同出现。如一篇谈学校生活的文章，有可能共同出现的单词有：teacher，classmate，student，classroom，library，laboratory，computer，score，maths，physics，study，desk，chair，holiday等，这种词汇共同出现的倾向性，就叫同现。词语复现又可分为原词复现、同义或近义词复现(包括与近义词的同根词复现，如ill与sickness)、反义词复现、同源词复现(又叫同根词复现)、上下义词复现等。了解词语复现这种衔接手段，有助于快速准确地解答完形填空题。1原词复现。为了表达的需要，在具体的上下文中同一个单词重复出现。,锦囊妙解之三：词汇复现（原词复现、词形变化近、反义词复现）,2同义词、近义词复现。同义词、近义词复现是借助意思相同或相近的表达方式，或解释性的语言使上下文的语义得以连接起来。3反义词复现。语意的连贯有时是通过对比结构而采用反义复现的手段显现的，或者是以反义的方式对前文加以解释，考生可以从反义的角度判断正确的选项。4同源(同根)词复现。上下文语义复现的表达，还可借助复现信息的同源词或同根词。5上下义词复现。在篇章中，有时为了表达的需要，作者会先概述再分述。概述时用的为上义词，上义词具有概括的作用。分述则用比较具体的下义词，两者为总分关系。如：instrument是piano，violin，drum等的上义词；adult是parents，teachers，professor等的上义词；occupation是lawyer，doctor，policeman，worker等的上义词。,锦囊妙解之三：词汇复现（原词复现、词形变化近、反义词复现）,(2011江苏卷)39ashighashecould,butevenashistallestlengthhewasunabletotouchIt.Hebeganto41upanddown,ashighashecould,atthetopofeachjumpstretchinghisarmstogettheapple.39.A.expandingB.stretchingC.swingingD.pulling41.A.jumpB.lookC.walkD.glance2008年全国卷IAfterthebirthofmysecondchild,Igotajobatarestaurant.Havingworkedwithanexperienced36forafewdays,Iwasallowedtowaittablesonmyown.36.A.managerB.assistantC.cookD.waitress2011年天津卷Afterfinishingmyhomework,Iwanderedintothediningroomwhereyouwereburiedunderpilesoflawbooks.Iwas21.WhywereyoudoingwhatIdomemorizingtextbooksandstudyingfortests?Whenyousaidyouwereinlawschool,Iwasmorepuzzled.（文中的you指的是作者的妈妈）21.A.amusedB.worriedC.puzzledD.disappointed,2011年湖南卷Ipassedbyagirlwho38herbooksoutofherlocker.Thinkinglikemostthatsomeoneelsewouldhelpherpickthemup,Icontinuedmyway.However,whenIhadtogobackbecauseIstupidlyforgotmybook,Inoticedshehadjustfinishedpackingthemupbyherself.Noonehadstoppedto40her.38.A.tookB.droppedC.gotD.pulled40.A.pleaseB.greetC.helpD.praise2012年湖南卷INowadaysmanypeopledoridiculousthingstorealizetheirdreamof“perfection.”Thetruthisthatnooneisperfect.Whenallpotentialforuglinessisremoved,soisallofthepotentialfor46.46.A.courageB.wisdomC.kindnessD.beauty,锦囊妙解之四：背景常识,和阅读理解一样，高考英语完形填空的材料都选自原汁原味的英美文章，因此此类文章会反映英语国家的历史文化、风土人情、民俗、节日、生活习惯等方面的信息。同时完形填空也会涉及人物的社会关系、职位、安全、学习及生活方面的常识。当对语言的把握不是很准确时，可充分利用自己已掌握的文化背景和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，先找出文章的主题和主线，并根据主题猜测细节。注意从重复出现的词语中寻找、体会文章表达的氛围。这样将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺利地沿作者的思路轻松解题。,锦囊妙解之四：背景常识,(2011山东卷)WhentheydiscoveredthatBlackWednesdayweregoingtoperformatourlocaltheatre,theyallbought_38_forperformance.38.A.flowersB.drinksC.clothesD.ticketsImmediately)theofficersjumpedintotheircarsandrushedtothehospital.A.animalB.biggestC.plantD.nearest.Onethingwealldonowandagainistoloseour54withafriendandcloserelatives.Theoddthingisthatwemoreoftendisplaygreat55towardssomeonewearefondofthantowards56.(2002上海卷）54.A.mindB.memoryC.mannerD.temper55.A.angerB.interestC.loveD.respect56.A.strangersB.friendsC.relativesD.colleagues2014年湖南卷ICollarshadtobedoneright.Momsaidtheywereclosetoyourface,whereeveryonewould44them。44.A.touchB.designC.seeD.admire,锦囊妙解之五：注意习惯用语，熟记常见句型,词的固定搭配，特别是动词的搭配在完形填空题中出现的比例也是比较大的，