定语从句超详细解析

定语从句,注：1.介词提前时一般只用which和whom。2.whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhich/ofwhom,关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose)；先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词(where地点状语，when时间状语，why原因状语)。,who,that,whom,（1）who指人，在从句中做主语或宾语Eg.Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.,（2）whom指人，在从句中做宾语，常可以省略。Eg.Theprofessor(whom)youwanttoseehasgonetoShanghai.,that,which,which指物，在从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时可以省略。Eg.Hegotbackthering(which)hehadlostontheplane.,(2)that既可以指人又可以指物，在从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时可以省略。Eg.Thewomanthatspoketomelivesnextdoor.,下列情况只能用that,1.当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，或先行词就是序数词或形容词最高级时。Eg.Thisisthefirst/bestplaythatIhaveseen.Eg.ThistrainisthelastthatwillgotoTibet.,2.当先行词是不定代词all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,one,somebody,nobody等时Eg.IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?,下列情况只能用that,3.当先行词被all,theonly,thevery,few,little,some,no,anyevery,each等修饰时Eg.Thereislittletimethatwecanuse.Eg.ThisistheverybookthatIwanttobuy.,4.当先行词既有人又有物时。Eg.Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretakingabout?,下列情况只能用that,5当先行词为who或which时Eg.Whichisthehotelthathestayedatlastnight?,下列情况只能用that,6关系代词作表语时Eg.Lindaisnolongerthegirlthatsheusedtobe.,下列情况一般用which,2.关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时Eg.Theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop.,1.在非限制性定语从句中,若关系代词which,that,who在定语从句中作宾语时，可以省略,Thegirl(who)youmetismysister.,既指人又指物，在从句中作定语Eg.Thisisthescientistwhosenameisknownbyall.Eg.Iliveinaroomwhosewindowsfacethesouth.,Whose用来指代所属关系,when指时间,Eg.ShecamelastnightwhenIwasout.,where表地点,Eg.Iknowaplacewherewecanread.,关系副词,当先行词受such,thesame修饰时，常用asIhaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.注意：SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMaryswedding.她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。,关系代词前介词的确定,1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：e.g.Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles?2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g.CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichImsure.3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g.1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.,关系代词前介词的确定,4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词+of+关系代词”的结构，如：e.g.Thereare50studentsinourclass,two-thirdsofwhomhavebeentoBeijing.,区分定语从句和同位语从句1定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系(1)TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforLondon.定语从句(2)Thefactthathehasbeendeadisclear.同位语从句,2定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when,where,how,why,whether,what等词引导，充当成分(1)Thenewshetoldmeistrue.(2)Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.(3)Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.定语(4)Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.,限制性定语从句易错误区,Itisthefactorywhichmyfatherworks.ItwasonthemorningofMay1stwhenImetmyfriendattheairport.,Itisthefactorywheremyfatherworks.,ItwasonthemorningofMay1stthatImetmyfriendattheairport.,TheteachershowedmethewayhowIcouldworkouttheproblem.Wetriedthewayinwhichhetoldus.,Theteachershowedmethewayinwhich/that/Icouldworkouttheproblem.,Wetriedthewaythathetoldus.,1.Thereasonwhyhegaveforhisbeinglatewasnotsufficient.,Thereasonthathegaveforhisbeinglatewasnotsufficient.,Teachingisajobwhichyouaredoingsomethingseriousbutinteresting.Hegrewupinastagethatthewholesocietywasatamess.,Teachingisajobwhereyouaredoingsomethingseriousbutinteresting.,Hegrewupinastagewherethewholesocietywasatamess.,ThebookIborroweditfromyouyesterdayiswellworthreading.Theschoolwhereheisstudyingthereisafamousone.,ThebookIborrowedfromyouyesterdayiswellworthreading.,Theschoolwhereheisstudyingisafamousone.,Hepromisedtodoallwhathecoulddotohelpusout.Whatdoyouthinkofhissuggestionthemeetingbeputofftillnextweek?,Hepromisedtodoallthathecoulddotohelpusout.,Whatdoyouthinkofhissuggestionthatthemeetingbeputofftillnextweek?,Thisisperhapstheonlywaywhichwillleadyoutosuccess.Myhometownisnolongerthevillagewhichitusedtobe.,Thisisperhapstheonlywaythatwillleadyoutosuccess.,Myhometownisnolongerthevillagethatitusedtobe.,3.Doyouhaveanythingwhichyouwanttosayaboutthe29thOlympicGames?4.IwasdeeplyimpressedbytheteachersandschoolswhichIhadvisited.,Doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosayaboutthe29thOlympicGames?,IwasdeeplyimpressedbytheteachersandschoolsthatIhadvisited.,Hecouldnotfindasinglepersontowhohecouldturnforhelpinthestrangetown.HelentmeaspadewiththatIdugaholeintheground.,Hecouldnotfindasinglepersontowhomhecouldturnforhelpinthestrangetown.,HelentmeaspadewithwhichIdugaholeintheground.,Exercises,Motherboughtmeadictionaryonmybirthday,_mademeveryhappy.A.whatB.thatC.whoD.which2.Lookatthewatch.Dontyouseeitis_watch_Helenlosttheotherday?A.asthesame;asB.thesame;asC.thesame;whichD.asthesame;that3._isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What,4.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it5.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown,_hegrewupasachild.whichB.whereC.thatD.when6.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,_ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkwhichis,7.ThedoctoradvisedVerastronglythatsheshouldtakeaholiday,b