翻译理论与实践之前五篇练习讲解

汉译英No.1马克思在写作时，对于语言的纯洁性和精确性极为重视。他每天都阅读伟大的作家如但丁，歌德，莎士比亚等人的作品。他时常下很大的工夫去找一个恰当的词句。对于一些人乱用词语的习惯，他简直不能容忍。马克思虽然在国外度过他一生中的三分之二，他的著作中的德语是纯洁而优美的。他不愧为德语的最杰出的大师和创造者之一。,汉译英第1篇参考译文：Whenwriting,Marxattachedgreatimportancetothepurityandaccuracyoflanguage.EverydayhereadtheworksbysuchgreatwritersasDante,Goethe,Shakespeare,etc.Notinfrequentlyhetookgreatpains(in)searchingforanappropriatewordandphrase.Hecouldntbearsomepeoplewhoabusedthewordsandexpressions.ThoughMarxspenttwothirdsofhislifeabroad,theGermanlanguage(heused)inhisworkswaspureandgraceful.HedeservedtobeoneofthemostoutstandingGermanmastersandcreators.,汉译英No.2先生女士：我十分高兴地推荐曾立珊到乔治福克斯大学进修深造。我接触他是在2007年，当时他正进入大学，选修了我开的文艺理论课程。他给我的印象是学习积极性高，对西方文艺理论颇感兴趣。在两年的本科学习中，他以优异的成绩完成了全部课程，表现出良好的悟性和研究能力。在我看来，他聪颖，勤奋，具有合作精神，在班上总是名列前茅。曾立珊现为我系大二学生，大学生英语协会主席，他工作认真负责，富有成效，经常受到同学们的好评。曾立珊非常希望能得到这次去乔治福克斯大学进修的机会。为此，我大力推荐他。若他此次申请能遂心愿，我将感到骄傲。谨上。湖南理工学院外语系毛新耕副教授2009年3月17日,汉译英第2篇参考译文：Mar.17，2009DearSir/Madam,ItgivesmegreatpleasuretorecommendMr.ZengLishanforadvancedstudiesatGeorgeFoxUniversity.IcametoknowZengin2007whenhe,asacollegestudent,attendedmycourseontheoriesofartandliterature.Heimpressedmewithstrongmotivationandintenseinterestinwesterntheoriesofartandliterature.,Duringthetwoyearsoftheundergraduateprogram,heaccomplishedallthecourseworkwithdistinction,demonstratinginsightfulperceptionandresearchabilities.Hestruckmeasintelligent,hardworkingandcooperative,alwayscomingonthetopoftheclass.ZengisatthemomentasophomoreinmyDepartmentandChairmanofCollegeEnglishAssociation.Hehasdisplayedastrongsenseofdutyandhasoftenbeencommendedbyhisclassmatesasefficientandsuccessful.,ZengisveryanxiousthathebegrantedthechancetoimprovehimselfatGFU.Irecommendhimwithoutreservationandwouldbeproudifhisapplicationisfavorablyconsidered.Sincerely,MaoXingengAssociateProfessorForeignLanguagesDepartmentHunanInstituteofScienceandTechnology,汉译英No.3脍炙人口的传统京剧白蛇传讲的是传自明朝的故事。白蛇精与青蛇精化作美女来到人间。白蛇精与一位书生相爱并生一子。禅师法海认为他们的结合违反传统婚姻，伤风败俗，他气急败坏。于是他派神兵神将前来捉拿白蛇精，并将她镇压在一座塔下面。后来，青蛇精在深山中修炼，习武多年，终于砸烂了那座塔，救出白蛇精。至此，白蛇精与丈夫、儿子又得团聚。在白剧中，蛇被赋予了崇高的人性。,汉译英第3篇参考译文：TheWhiteSnake,oneofthemostpopulartraditionalBeijingoperas,isbasedonastoryhandeddownfromtheMingDynasty(13681644).WhiteSnakeSpiritandGreenSnakeSpiritmetamorphosedthemselvesintotwobeautifulgirlsandventuredintothehumanworld.WhiteSnakefellinlovewithayoungscholarandgavebirthtoason.Fahai,aBuddhistmonk,regardedtheirunionasaviolationoftheconventionsregardingmarriageandanexampleofmoraldegeneration.,Muchenraged,hesentofficersandsoldiersfromtheheaven,whocapturedWhiteSnake,andusingmagicalpowershehimselfincarceratedherunderneathapagoda.Formanyyearsafterwards,GreenSnakehidherselfindeepmountainsandgaveherselfrigorousspiritualandmartialartstraining.Intheendshesucceededintopplingthepagodaandrescuedhermistress.NowWhiteSnakewasreunitedwithherhusbandandson.Thesnakeintheoperaisendowedwiththenoblecharacterofhumannature.,英译汉第1篇参考译文：对待翻译技巧的态度谈到翻译技巧与原则，我们恕不同意一些人忽视技巧，把技巧当作无足轻重的东西弃之不顾。这些人中有一些甚至说：“我从来没有看过理论之类的东西，但我同样能做好翻译。”同样，我们也不能赞同另一些人，他们将翻译理论视为灵丹妙药，夸大翻译理论与技巧的重要性。,英译汉No.2Now,thepeopleofallnationalitiesthroughoutthecountryaredeterminedtoraisethescientificandculturalleveloftheentireChinesenation.Wemuststrengthenscientificandtechnicalcooperationandacademicexchangeswithothercountries.Obviously,thoughwehaveourowninventionsinscienceandtechnology,westillneedtolearnfromothercountries.Andthereisnothingqueeraboutinternationalacademicexchanges.JosephNeedhamstatedpositively:“Certainitisthatnopeopleorgroupofpeopleshashadamonopolyincontributingtothedevelopmentofscience.Theirachievementsshouldbemutuallyrecognizedandfreelycelebratedwiththejoinedhandsofuniversalbrotherhood.”,英译汉练习2参考译文：当前全国各族人民都在决心提高科学文化水平。我们必须加强同各国的科技合作和学术交流。很显然（不言而喻），虽然我们在科技领域有自己的发明，但是我们仍然要向外国学习。国际交流是不足为奇的。李约瑟（约瑟夫尼达姆）曾经断言过：“勿庸置疑，没有哪一个民族或几个民族可以垄断对科学发展作出的贡献。各国的成就应当受到相互尊重（承认），世界各国应当拉起博爱的双手予以赞颂（庆祝）。”,InhisTalkonLiteraryTranslationpublishedin1954GuoMoruopointedout,“Translationiscreativework.Goodtranslationisasgoodaswritingandmaybeevenbetterthanit.Sometimestranslationismoredifficultthanwriting.Awritermusthaveexperienceinlife,butatranslatorhastoexperiencewhatthewriterhasexperienced.Atthesametime,atranslatormustnotonlybeproficientinhismothertonguebutalsohaveaverygoodfoundationinaforeignlanguage.Therefore,translationisnoteasierthanwritingatall.”Hisanalysisisreallypenetrating!,原文1：Helookedupinsurprise,hisdarkeyespeeringthroughrimlessglasses,hisasceticfaceshowingannoyanceattheunannouncedintrusion.ArthurHailey：StrongMedicine译文：他抬起头来吃了一惊，深色的眼睛从无框眼镜后面凝视着，苦行僧式的面庞上，露出对这次未经通报的突然造访感到厌烦的神情。（艾平译）原文2：Hermannerpresentedacuriouscombinationofshynessandaudacity.Everyprettysmilewassucceededswiftlybyalookofsilent,repressedanxiety,asifputtoflightbytherecollectionofsomeabidingdanger.JosephConrad:LordJim译文：她的姿态很奇怪，羞涩中又带点儿泼辣。每回倩然笑了一笑之后，好像想起某种永远避免不了的危险似的，笑影吓跑了，脸上随即呈出一种默默的、忧抑的、焦思的神情来。（梁遇春袁家骅译）,原文3：Thegroundworkofthefacewashopefulness;butoveritnowlaylikeaforeignsubstanceafilmofanxietyandgrief.Thegriefhadbeentheresoshortlyastohaveabstractednothingofthebloom,andhadasyetbutgivenadignitytowhatitmighteventuallyundermine.ThomasHardy:TheReturnoftheNative译文：她的眉宇之间，本来含着的是富于希望的神气，但是现在上面却薄薄地笼罩了一层焦灼和悲伤，这本是脸上从来没有过的。因为这种悲痛，来到脸上还不很久，所以脸上还是鲜艳丰腴，丝毫没有减轻消瘦，不过比原先添了一番庄严而已。（张谷若译）原文4：Hischina-blueeyesunderwhiteeyebrowsthatjuttedoutinlittlehorns,neverstirred;thelongupperlipofhiswidemouth,betweenthefinewhitewh