英美社会与文化课件美国教育

Education,MediaandHolidays,主讲人：吴程骞PPT制作：扶瑶资料收集：姚智尹张佳乐韩欣彤,EducationMainHolidaysandFestivalsMedia,Education,IdealsofAmericanEducationEducationSystemFamousUniversities,Education,IdealsofAmericanEducation,AsmanypeopleaspossibleshouldhaveaccesstoasmucheducationastheycanProducingasocietythatistotallyliterateandoflocalcontrolScholarsandstudentsshouldworktodiscovernewinformationorconceivenewwaystounderstandwhatisalreadyknown,EducationinAmericaisregardedasbothanindividualbenefitandasocialnecessity,Americansbelievethat,througheducation,anindividualacquiresknowledge,skills,attitudesandabilitieswhichwillenablethemtofitintosocietyimprovetheirsocialstatus.Theyholdtheviewthatthefutureofthenationdependslargelyoneducation.,EucationalSystem,Elementary,Juniorhighschool(gradesseventhroughnine)Seniorhighschool(gradestenthroughtwelve)Inhighschool,subjectmatterbecomesmorespecialized.Englishclassesstresswritingandliterature.SocialstudiesaresplitintoseparetecoursesinAmericanhistory,Americangovernmentorpoliticalscience,Europeanhistory,etc.,Secondary,Inmosthighschool,studentsmeetwithadifferentteacherandadifferentgroupofstudentsforeachsubject.,Highschoolstudentsdayaredividedintonineperiods,Thereisnoannualcolledgeentranceexamination.Colledgeapplicantsarechosenonthebasisof:TheirhighschoolrecordsRecommendationsfromtheirhighschoolteachersTheimpressiontheymakeduringinterviewsattheuniversityTheyscoreontheScholasticAptitudeTest(SAT),Inotherschoolsystems,elemantaryschoolincludegradesonethrougheight.Thenextfouryearsarecalledhighschool,HighereducationintheUnitedStatesbeganwiththefonudingofHarvardColledgein1636.ThehighereducationcomprisesfourcategoriesofinstitutionTheuniversityThefore-yearuniversityinstitutionthecollegeThetechnicaltraininginstitutionThetwo-yearcommunitycollege,HigherEducation,College:anundergraduateinstututionthatconfersthedegreeof1.BachelorofArts(B.A)orBachelorofScience(B.S)after4yeasofstudy2.anassociatedegreeaftertwoyearsofstudy.University:agroupofcolleges.ThesystemofhighereducationintheUnitedStateshasthreefunctions:TeachingResearchPublicservice,Forauniversitystudent,anacademicyearisaboutninemonths(twoorthreesemesters),usuallyfrommid-SeptemberuntilearlyJuneorfromlateAugustuntilMay,excludingthesummersessionanda30-daywinterbreak.Universitystudenthavetoearnacertainnumberofcreditsinordertoreceiveadegreeattheendoffouryearsofcollege.Onecreditusuallyequalsonehourofclassperweekinasinglecourse,SportshaveasignificantplaceinAmericanuniversitylife.Football(橄榄球)BasketballGolf.Clubsandactivitiesarts,music,drama,debate,foreignlanguages,photography,volunteerwork.,schoolships,FamousUniversities,HarvardUniversityYaleUniversityPrincetonUniversityMIT,HarvardUniversity,theoldestinstitutionofhigherlearningintheUnitedStatesestablishedin1636namedforitsfirstbenefactor,JohnHarvardOutstandingacademicachievements44NobellaureatesEIGHTPresidentsoftheUnitedStates,YaleUniversity,foundedin1701NewHaven,Connecticut12,000studentsThecradleofPresident:GeraldRudolphFord,WilliamJeffersonClinton,GeorgeW.Bush.,PrincetonUniversity,Foundedin1746KnownastheCollegeofNewJersey,Famousdepartments:History,Philosophy,English,Mathematic,PhysicsThelargestendowmentperstudentintheUnitedStates,MIT,TheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyCambridge,Massachusetts.Foundedin1861inresponsetotheincreasingindustrializationoftheUnitedStatesAdoptedaEuropeanpolytechnicuniversitymodel.Knownforresearchandeducationinthephysicalsciencesandengineering,MainHolidaysandFestivals,IndependenceDayThanksgivingAprilFoolsDayEasterChristmasDay,IndependenceDay,4th,JulyItwasonthisday1776whentheContinentalCongressrepresentingthe13coloniesadoptedtheDeclarationofIndependence,whichcutthetieswithBritainandestablishedtheUnitedStatesofAmerica.CelebratedinallthestatesThearmymarkstheoccasionbyfiringa50-gunsalute.Ceremoniesmayincludeparades,officialspeeches,visitstohistoricmonuments,outdoorstageshows,dancingparties,boatracesandfireworksdisplays.,Thanksgiving,ThanksgivingiscelebratedintheU.SonthefourthThursdayinNovember.FormanyAmericansitisthemostimportantholidayapartfromChristmas.Schools,officesandmostbusinessescloseforThanksgiving,andmanypeoplemakethewholeweekendavacation.,Origin:ThanksgivingisassociatedwiththetimewhenEuropeansfirstcametoNorthAmerica.In1620,whenthePilgrimsfirstarrived,theyhadaveryhardwinterandcouldnotfindenoughtoeat.Somanyofthemdied.NativeAmericansshowedthemwhatcropsweresafetoeatandhowtoplantthem,sonextyeartheyhadagoodharvest.,Thanksgivingprayerbefore,TheyheldabogcelebrationtothankGodandtheNativeAmericansforhelpingthemsurvivetheharshwinterandproduceabountifulharvest.,AprilFoolsDay,AprilFoolsDayorAllFoolsDay,thoughnotaholidayinitsownright,isanotabledaycelebratedinmanycountriesonApril1.Thedayismarkedbythecommissionofhoaxesandotherpracticaljokesofvaryingsophisticationonfriends,enemiesandneighbors,orsendingthemonfoolserrands,theaimofwhichistoembarrassthegullible.Insomecountries,AprilFoolsjokes(alsocalledAprilFools)areonlymadebeforenoonon1April.,Easter,ASundaybetweenMarch22andApril25,thefisrtfullmoonafterthespringequinox（春分）CommemoratestheResurrectionofJesus,whichChristiansbelieveoccurredonthethirddayofhisdeathsymbol:eastereggsasymbolofrebrithrabbitshighreproducibility,ChristmasDay,ChristmasDay,onDecember25,isoneofthemostfestiveChristianholidaysinmanycountriesaroundtheworld.ItcelebratesJesusbirth.ManypeoplecelebrateChristmasDaywithafestivemeal,Media,Newspaper:NewYorkTimesWashingtonPostTheLosAngelesTimesTelevisionandBroadcast:CBS(哥伦比亚广播公司)NBC(国家广播公司)ABS(美国广播公司)CNN(美国有线电视新闻网)VOA(美国之声),NewYorkTimes,Originalname:NewYorkDailyTimesSometimesreferredtoasthetimesAdailynewspaperpublishedinNewYork,Havegoodcredibilityandauthority.Seriousclassicalstyle,SometimescalledtheGreyLady(TheGrayLady).,WashingtonPost,Anancientinfluentialnewspaper,followingtheNewYorkTimesofthenationsmostprestigiousnewspaperEspeciallygoodattoreportthedomesticpoliticaldynamics,华盛顿邮报（英语：TheWashingtonPost）