英语四六级翻译_translation

题型介绍,题型和分值,中译英(翻译句子的一部分)翻译部分(5%)满分为36分,评分原则及标准,四级Translation1.整体内容和语言均正确，得1分。2.结构正确，但整体意思不确切、信息不全或用词不当，得0.5分。3.整体意思正确但语言有错误，得0.5分。4.整体意思完全错误，即使结构正确也不得分。5.大小写错误及标点符号忽略不计。,解题技巧,解题思路,1,首先根据语法判断待译部分在句中的功能，结构及形式，即在句中充当什么成分,用动宾短语,介宾短语还是名词性短语,是否要用从句,是否要倒装等2,注意选词应尽量贴切,尤其要注意搭配是否正确,不要混用近义词和形近词.3,翻译完成后再次通读句子，检查有无拼写,用词,语法或逻辑错误，检查句子(整句)是否完整，主谓是否一致,代词和名词是否一致,是否遗漏了结构词,介词等,并进行必要的修改和润色.,种常考语法要点归纳,.比较结构1).Onaverage,itissaid,visitorsspendonly_（一半的钱）inadayinLeedsasinLondon.(halfasmuchmoney)2)Americanseat_（两倍）proteinastheyactuallyneedeveryday.(twiceasmuch)3)Thenumberofthestudentsinthiscityhas_(增加了6倍)incomparisonwith2001.(increased6times),.用于表示“与相比”的短语Yourlossesintradethisyeararenothing_（与我的相比）(comparedwithmine/incomparisonwithmine)2)SincemychildhoodIhavefoundthat_(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力)(nothingismoreattractivetomethanreading)3)Thetrumpetplayerwascertainlyloud.ButIwasntbotheredbyhisloudnesssosuch_（而是他缺乏天分）(asbyhislackoftalent),.状语从句包括：-asthough即使hardly/barely/scarcelywhen(句子前半部要倒装)一就(Hardlyhadwesatdownatthetable,whenthephonerang.我们刚在桌子旁坐下电话就响了。)nosoonerthan(句子前半部要倒装)一就(Nosoonerhadwesatdownatthetablethanthephonerang.我们刚在桌子旁坐下电话就响了。)nowthat既然，由于sothat结果/以致inthat因为，由于Incasethat/forfearthat/lest以防，万一，以免Unless除非（才）until直到才Whetheror不管是还是aslongas只要evenif/though虽然/即使,Examples:1)._（家也许很简陋）,theresnoplacelikehome,whereverhemaygo.(Humbleasitmaybe)2)._（我们一到山顶）thanweallsatdowntorest.(Nosoonerhadwereachedthetopofthehill)3)._(既然你很熟悉作者的想法),tryreadingallthesectionsasquicklyasyoupossiblycan.(Nowthatyouarefamiliarwiththeauthorsideas)4).Criticismandself-criticismisnecessary_(由于他们能帮助我们找出和改正错误)（inthatithelpstofindandcorrectourmistakes）.,5）Givemeyourtelephonenumber_(以备我需要你的帮助)（incaseIneedyourhelp）.6）_（政府才能有效运行）unlessitisfreefromsuchinterference.(Governmentcannotoperateeffectively)7）Thesubstancedoesnotdissolveinwater_（不管是否加热）(whether(itis)heatedornot)8）_(要不是你们的帮助）,wewouldnothavesucceeded.Ifithadntbeenforyourhelp,.名词性从句(主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句及同位语从句）1)Insomecountries,_（所谓的平等）doesnotreallymeanequalrightsforallpeople.(whatiscalled“equality”)2)_（给我印象最深的）wereherlivelinessandsenseofhumor.(Whatimpressedmemost)3）Wecouldnt_（就该怎么办达成一致）agreeonwhatshouldbedone4)Thisis_（鲁迅曾经住过的地方）whereLuXunusedtolive,.定语从句1)Agoodmanyproposalswereraisedbythedelegates,_(正如预料的那样).(aswastobeexpected)2)TheBritisharenotsofamiliarwithdifferentculturesandotherwaysofdoingthings,_（正如经常发生在其他国家的情形一样）(asisoftenthecaseinothercountries)3)Imnotaccustomedtosuchluxury,_(它简直是浪费钱).(whichisjustawasteofmoney),分句关系代词只能用that，而不能用which的主要情况）当先行词是all,anything,everything,nothing,something,few,little,much,none,等不定代词时）当先行词被序数词(thefirst,thesecond)或形容词最高级所修饰时）当先行词被thevery,theonly等词修饰时当先行词是人而且有only,all,any等限定词时，其后用作分句主语的关系代词通常用that(Anyboythatwantstosucceedmustworkhard.),.虚拟语气）用于以下动词之后的that分句当中，分句动词用原型或者是should+原型(order,command,demand,insist,maintain,request,require,ask,recommend,propose,suggest,move,desire,etc)）以下形容词用于Itis+adj.+that结构中，从句动词用原型或者是should+原型(advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,fundamental,imperative,obligatory,important,necessary,proper,urgent,vital,proper,)3)用在以下名词之后的that分句当中，分句动词用原型或者是should+原型（decision,decree(法令，判决)，demand,instruction,order,requirement,resolution,apity,ashame,nowonderthat,）用于宾语从句中wish）用于某些特定结构中,如Ifonly,asthough/if,Itis(high)timethat是时候做某事了（Itstimeyouwenttobed.）wouldrather+从句-wouldrather后接句子时，句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，具体用法为：A.一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望，如IdratheryoucamenextSaturday.我宁愿你下星期六来。Idratheryouwerehappy.我愿你快乐。B.用过去完成时表过去的愿望，如Idratheryouhadntsaidit.我真希望你没有这样说过。Idratheryouhadntdonethat.我宁愿你没这样做。等等,1)Theprofessorrequiredthat_（我们交研究报告）(wehandinourresearchreports)2)Itishighlydesirablethatanewpresident_（被任命）forthiscollege.(beappointed)3)Somewomen_(本来能够挣一份很好的工资)inajobinsteadofstayinghome,buttheydecidednottoworkforthesakeofthefamily.(couldhavemadeagoodsalary),4)Butforhishelp,I_(我不可能这么早完成)(wouldnothavefinishedsoearly)5)Thevictim_(本来有机会活下来)ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime.(wouldhavesurvived)6)Itstime_(采取措施)aboutthetrafficproblemdowntown.(somethingwasdone/somemeasuresweretaken),.倒装结构）表示否定或限定意义的词或短语位于句首时a.seldom,rarely,never;b.Hardly/Scarcelywhen,Nosoonerthan;c.包含only的状语出现在句首;d.当包含no的短语出现在句首,atnotime,undernocircumstances,innoway,onnoaccount,onnocondition,bynomeans,etc.）so,neither,nor引导的句子承前表示同类情况时）地点状语位于句首，动词是come,lie,stand,walk等,1)Notuntilthegamehadbegun_（他才到达）thesportsaround.(didhearriveat)2)Ifyouwontagreetoourplan,_(他们也不会同意).(neitherwillthey)3)Hehadunderstoodnothing,_(也没尝试着去)understand.(nordidhetryto)4)OnlyafterIslappedhimontheback_(他才发现我并高兴得叫起来).(didhenoticemeandshoutedwithhappiness),.并列成分and,or,nor,but,notbut,bothand,than,notonlybut(also),eitheror,neithernorratherthan而不是（insteadof）IthinkIllhaveacolddrinkratherthancoffee.otherthan(常用于否定句)除以外（except）IllbegoingawayinJunebutotherthanthatIllbehereallsummer.我会在六月份外出;除此以外，我整个夏天都在这里。etc.,1)Infact,PeterwouldratherhaveleftforSanFrancisco_（而不愿待在纽约）(thanstayedinNewYork.)2)Innocountry_（除了在英国）,ithasbeensaid,canoneexperiencefourseasonsinthecourseofasingleday.(otherthanBritain)3)_（这两本书都不认为）theopinionthatthedangerofnuclearwarisincreasing.(Neitherofthetwobookshold)neitherof后接复数名词或代词，动词用单数和复数都可以，复数动词较正式。eitheror亦同。,种常考词汇要点归纳,A.接不定式或动名词的动词及短语以下单词或词组后接动名词inganticipate,appreciate,consider,deny,dislike,enjoy,favor,mind,practise,report,resent,risk,keep,imagine/fancy,recall,defend,include，involve,justify（证明正确；对解释）,advise/suggest,confess,admit/acknowledge,delay,postpone,putoff,excuse/forgive,miss,escape,avoid,tolerate,resist,giveup,dreamof/about,despairof（对丧失信心，感到绝望）,objectto,feellike(想做某事),counton（依靠,指望）,succeedin,insiston,stickto,persistin（坚持做某事）,perseverein（坚持）,lookforwardto,have(no)trouble/difficulty)in,以下单词或词组后接不定式todorefuse,afford,agree,choose,claim,manage,offer,pretend,promise,sweartodo(发誓，承诺去做某事),venturetodo(小心谨慎地去做某事),guaranteetodo保证去做某事,decide/determine/resolvetodo(决心去做某事),desire/hope/wish,expect,以下单词或词组后接不定式todo.但是to省略hadbetterdocannotbutdomay/mightaswelldo不妨做某事wouldrather/sooner,1)Mr.Johnsonpreferred_.（别人给他重活干）(tobegivenheavierworktodo)2)Shewouldappreciate_（收到来信）yousometime.（hearingfrom）3)Iused_（以前抽烟抽得很凶）,butIgaveitupthreeyearsago.（tosmokeheavily）4)Ifyoudontliketoswim,you_（不妨待在家里）(mayaswellstayathome),B.表因果关系的动词词组leadto/resultingiveriseto使发生（Thenovelssuccessgaverisetoanumberofsequels.这部小说的成功带来就系列的续篇。）resultfrom/arisefromoriginatein/fromberesponsiblefor,.常用短语与动词有关takeintoaccount/consideration把考虑在内;accusesbof(doing)sth因为某事控告/谴责某人;chargesbwithsth因为某事控告/谴责某人;chargesb(money)forsth收费，要价;benefitby/fromsth得益于，得利于;commentonsth/makecommentsonsth对作评论;concentrate(onesattention)on/upon集中注意力于;focuson(doing)sth集中注意力于;,convincesb.ofsth.使确信，使信服（-Youneedtoconvincethemofyourenthusiasmforthejob.你要使他们相信你殷切希望得到这份工作。）come/gointoeffect生效;开始实施（-Newcontrolcomeintoeffectnextmonth.下月开始实施新的管制措施。）takeeffect开始起作用;见效;生效;开始实施（-Theaspirinssoontakeeffect.阿司匹林药片见效快。）beentitledto(doing)sth有资格/权利去做某事(-Youwillbeentitledtoyourpensionwhenyoureach65.你到65岁就有资格享受养老金。)findfaultwith批评,catchaglimpseofsth/sb看了一眼(Hecaughtaglimpseofherinthecrowd.他一眼瞥见她在人群里。)informsbof/aboutsth知会某人某事(Pleaseinformusofanychangesofaddress.地址若有变动请随时通知我们。)be/getinvolvedinsth参与keep/holdpace(with)与并驾齐驱，步调一致makesense有意义，讲得通，合乎情理(-Itmakessensetodosth)spend(time,money.)onsth/indoingsth花时间/金钱在某事上haveaccessto有机会、权利、途径（-Studentsmusthaveaccesstogoodresources.学生必须有机会使用好的信息资源。）,与形容词有关beaccustomed/usedto(doing)sth习惯于beashamedof对.感到羞愧be(well/fully)awareof完全明白，意识到becommittedto尽心尽力的;忠诚于的becomposedof由构成beconcernedabout担心的，忧虑的beconcernedwith关切的，关注的beconsciousof意识到，注意到beconsistentwith与一致的，相符的,becontentwith对感到满意becriticalof对批评的，挑剔的(sb.)befamiliarwith(sth)对熟悉(-Iamfamiliarwiththevoice.)(sth./sb.)befamiliarto(sb.)对熟悉(-Thevoiceseemstobefamiliartome.)beignorantof/about对某事不了解，无知(-Hescompletelyignorantaboutmoderntechnology.他对现代科技一无所知。)bejealousofsb/sth嫉妒,feel/benervousabout/of因而紧张，焦虑，担忧beoptimisticabout对感到乐观berelevantto与紧密相关，切题的besensitiveto对敏感的，体贴的，易生气的besimilarto与相似beuneasyabout/atsth对感到不自在，担心beinferiorto比不上;劣于(-Thismodelistechnicallyinferiortoitscompetitors.这一款式在技术上比不上它的竞争者。)besuperiorto占优势;更胜一酬(-Thismodelistechnicallysuperiortoitscompetitors.这一款式在技术上超过了它的竞争者。）,介词词组onbehalfof/onsbsbehalf代表某人(-Iwouldliketothankyouallonbehalfoftheteam.)inbehalfof为帮助某人(-Wecollectedmoneyinbehalfofthehomeless.我们为帮助无家可归者募捐。)incase以防万一(-YoudbettertakethekeysincaseImout.你最好带上钥匙以防我不在家。)incaseof如果，假使(-Incaseoffire,ringthealarmbell.如遇火险，即按警铃。)inchargeof（或takechargeof）主管，掌管(-Hehasbeeninchargeofthefarmsincehisfatherpassedaway.),bein(outof)contactwith与有联系/失去联系toacertainextent在某种程度上（-Tosomeextentwhatshearguesistrue.她的话在某种程度上是符合事实的。）infavorof赞同，支持;看中，选择（-Hearguesinfavorofastike.他据理力争主张罢工。）（-Heabandonedteachinginfavorofacareerasamusician.他弃教从事音乐。）Insupportof支持（-Hearguesinsupportofastike.他据理力争主张罢工。）inhonorof为纪念;向表示敬意（-Thisceremonywasheldinhonorofthosekilledintheexplosion.举行这个仪式来纪念爆炸中的死难者。）,inparticular尤其，格外；特殊的，专门的(-Helovessciencefictioninparticular.他特别喜爱科幻小说。)(-Shedirectedthequestionatnooneinparticular.她的问题没有针对任何个人。)onthepointof在的时刻，关头(-Wewereonthepointofgivingup.我们当时几乎要放弃了。)tothepointof达到某种程度，近乎(-Hewasrudetothepointofbeingaggressive.他粗鲁到蛮不讲理的地步。)onpurpose故意地forthesakeof为了的缘故；为获得某物(-Theystayedtogetherforthesakeofthechildren.为了孩子，他们还待在一起。)（-Shegaveupsmokingforthesakeofherhealth.为保持身体健康，她戒了烟。）,名词词组aheartattack;atouristattraction（景点）;heavyrain/snow/traffic;opening/closing/degree/graduationceremony;severepunishment/pain/injuries/drought/stormacaseinpoint（一个恰当的例子;明证）;incase以防万一incaseof如果，假使inanycase无论如何，总之innocase决不，无论如何不inthecaseof就来说；至于inthiscase既然是这样,真题解析,2006.6,1.Havingspentsometimeinthecity,hehadnotrouble_(找到去历史博物馆的路).（findingthewaytothehistorymuseum)关键采分点之一必然是看在答案中是否使用了动名词形式2._(为了挣钱供我上学)，Motheroftentakesonmoreworkthanisgoodforher.(Inordertotofinancemyeducation)动词的选择，还可用raisemoney,support，afford3.Theprofessorrequiredthat_(我们交研究报告)。(wehandinourresearchreports)句型：虚拟语气requirethatsb.(should)dosth.,4.Themoreyouexplain,_(我愈糊涂).(themoreconfusedIam)掌握themore,themore句型；另外confused的使用5.Thoughaskilledworker,_(他被公司解雇了).(hewasfiredbythecompany)让步状语从句；关键采分点之一是看考生是否掌握though引导让步状语从句时，主句不应有but存在。,2006.12,1)Specialistsininterculturalstudiessaythatitisnoteasyto_(适应不同文化中的生活)(adjust/adapttolifeinadifferentculture或者adapttolivingindifferentcultures)注意adaptto后接动名词2)SincemychildhoodIhavefondthat_(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力)(nothingattractsmemorethanreading或者nothingismoreattractive/appealingtomethanreading)Nothingismorethan和Nothingissoas都具有最高级比较的意思，指“没有比更”。,3)Thevictim_来会有机会活下来)ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime.（wouldhavehadachanceofsurviving;wouldhavesurvived）虚拟语气4)Somepsychologistsclaimthatpeople_(出门在外时可能会感到孤独)（arelikelyto/may/mightfeellonelywhen(theyare)awayfromhome）5)Thenationspopulationcontinuestorise_(以每年1200万人的速度)（atarateof12millionper/a/eachyear;attherateof12millionpeopleannually;atanannualrateof12,000,000;by12millionyearly）ataspeedof(以的速度)；其二是数字1200万人的表达，也就是12个百万12million而million后面加上多余的复数s则是很多同学容易出现的错误。,2007.6,1)Thefindingofthisstudyfailedto_(将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内)（takepeoplessleepqualityintoaccount）takeintoaccount/consideration2)ThepreventionandtreatmentofAIDSis_（我们可以合作的领域）（thefield(where)wecancooperate/thefieldinwhichwecancooperate）定语从句,3)Becauseoftheleginjury,theathlete_(决定退出比赛）（decidedtoquitthematch）decidetodosth.;另外quit的使用4)Tomakedonationsorformoreinformation,please_（按以下地址和我们联系）（contactusatthefollowingaddress）contact的用法5)Pleasecomehereattentomorrowmorning_（如果你方便的话）（ifitisconvenientforyou/atyourconvenience）,2007.12,1_（多亏了一系列的发明），doctorscantreatthisdiseasesuccessfully.（Thankstoaseriesofnewinventions）2.Inmysixties,onechangeInoticeisthat_(我比以前更容易累了).（Iammoreinclinedtogettiredthanbefore）3.Imgoingtopursuethiscourse,_(无论我要做出什么样的牺牲)（nomatterwhatkindofsacrificeIwillmake）,4.Iwouldprefershoppingonlinetoshoppinginadepartmentstorebecause_(它更加方便和省时)（theformerismoreconvenientandtime-saving）5.ManyAmericansliveoncredit,andtheirqualityoflife_(是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的),nothowmuchtheycanearn.（ismeasuredbyhowmuchtheycanborrow）,2008.06,Oureffortswillpayoffiftheresultsofthisresearch_(能应用于新技术的开发）Canbeappliedtothedevelopmentofthenewtechnology2.Icantbootmycomputernow.something_(一定出了毛病）withitsoperationsystem.mustbewrong3.Leavingonesjob,_(不管是什么工作），isadifficultchange,evenforthosewholookforwardtoretiring.whateveritcouldbe4._(与我成长的地方相比）,thistownismoreprosperousandexciting.ComparedwiththeplacewhereIgrewup5._（直到他完成使命）didherealizethathewasseriouslyill.Untilheaccomplishedhismission,2008.12,1.Medicalresearchersarepainfullyawarethattherearemanyproblems(他们至今还没有答案)thattheyhaventfoundanswersto2.(大多数父母所关心的)isprovidingthebesteducationpossiblefortheirchildren.Whatmostparentsareconcernedabout3.Youdbettertakeasweaterwithyou(以防天气变冷)incaseitturns/shouldturncold4.Throughtheproject,manypeoplehavereceivedtrainingand(决定自己创业)decidedtostarttheirownbusiness5.Theanti-virusagentwasnotknown(直到一名医生偶然发现了它)untilitwasaccidentallyfoundbyadoctor,模拟练习,1.（如果你设法与Smith先生取得联系）_theproblemwillbesolvedeasilybecauseheisanexpertinthisfield.（ifyoumanagetogetintouchwithMrSmith）managetodo表示成功地做成某事，不成功不可以用2.Theproblemliesinhowpeoplelookatthosestudents_（专心追求知识的）.（whoareknowledge-oriented/absorbedacquiringknowledge）sth.-oriented追求;定语从句3.OnChildrensDay,kids_有资格免费进入）toallthecityparks.（areentitledtofreeadmissions）beentitledtodosth.对享有权利,值得;有（做某事）的资格权利,4.Therestaurantnextdoorservesgoodfood,buttheoneacrossthestreetismuchbetter_（就服务而言）.（asfarastheserviceisconcerned）so/asfarasbeconcerned就而言，concerned用作形容词解作“有关的”时，是后置定语，大都放在它所修饰的名词之后。5._（每当天气不好时）,hetakeswhateverumbrellahecanfind.（whenevertheweatherisbad）Whenever的使用是关键,6.Thoughyoustayintheseaforweeks,youwillnot_(失去联系)theoutsideworld.（losecontactwith）短语losecontactwith/losetouchwith与失去联系7.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,_(正在研制)andperfectednow.（arebeingdeveloped）bebeingdone现在进行时的被动语态表示此时此刻某事正在被做。其中动词be应随主语作相应变化。,8.Howcloseparentsaretotheirchildren_(有很强的影响)thecharacterofthechildren.（hasastronginfluenceon/effecton）influence/effect作名词（常与on连用）对有影响力。influence指通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易觉察到的,潜移默化的影响,如:Influencedbyahigh-schoolbiologyteacher,hetookupthestudyofmedicine.Effect/v/指实现、达成,着重造成一种特殊的效果,如:Thisbookeffectedachangeinmyopinion.,9.Theroomisinaterriblemess;it_（肯定没打扫过）.(canthavebeencleaned)【超级句型】“情态动词+havedone”表示推测，must/can/may/might/could各用于不同句型中，must只用于肯定句中，can/could不能用于肯定句中，may/might不能用于疑问句中。cant表示不可能，maynot表示可能不。