英语名师工作室--初中英语语法串讲

初中英语语法串讲,开福区英语名师工作室北雅中学英语组周建国,20072010年长沙市中考语法考查项目,冠词：a/an/the/-07,08,09,10代词：指示/不定/人称/物主/反身代词08，09，10情态代词：07，08，10数词：07，08，09形容词和副词的词义比较：09，10形容词和副词的比较级等：07，08，09，10连词：and,or,but,so07,08,10介词:in/on/by/with/without08，09,一、词法,9.易混词的区别：如：spend/take/pay/costother/others/theother/theothers/another10.动词的谓语形式：时态08，09，10被动语态07，08，09，1011.动词的非谓语形式：不定式和V-ing07，08，09,二、句法,1.五个简单句型2.感叹句3.复合句：主句+连接词+从句从句：定语从句，宾语从句，状语从句07，08，09，10,三、语法出现的题型：单项选择和完形填空,四、语法考试重点分析和解题指导：,the,a,an表达的含义以及不用the的情形。1)Mysistercanplay_violinverywell.2)Maryhas_badcold.Shehastostayin_bed.3)Theres_appletreeinourschooland_universitynearourschool.4)-Doyouhaveacat?-Yes._catisblackandwhite.,2.代词考点：allnonebothneithereithersomebody,anybody,everybody,nobodysomething,anything,everything,nothingcallhimup,takeitaway,turnitdown/upme/us,you/you,him/her/it/themmine/ours,yours/yours,his/hers/its/theirsmyself/ourselves,yourself/yourselves,himself/herself/itself/themselves,-Whichofthecapswillyoutake?-Illtake_,oneformyfather,theotherformybrother.(all,both,neither)-Whohelpedyoucleantheclassroomyesterday?-_.Icleaneditallbymyself.(Somebody,Nobody,Everybody)-Help_tosomefish,myboy.-Thanks.(you,yours,yourself)-Isthisyourpen?-No,itsnot_.(mine,my,me)Therearetreeson_sidesofthestreet.(both),3.情态动词：mustmustnt,cancant,may,shouldshouldnt考试重点:表猜测must一定cant不可能may有可能1)-MustIfinishmyhomeworknow?-No,you_.Youcanfinishitafterschool.2)-_youturndowntheradio,please?-Yes,Ican.3)-Listen!IsTomsingingintheclassroom?-No,it_behim.HesgonetoLondon.,neednt,Can,cant,4.数词：序数词前加the20以内的几个不规则变化：熟记1/3/5/7/9，2/8/12first,third,fifth,ninth;second,eighth,twelfth整十的词尾tytie,再加thfiftieth,sixtieth基数词和序数词的转换：PartTwothesecondpartfivehundred/thousand/millionpeoplehundreds/thousands/millionsofpeopleThereare_floorsinthisbuilding.Alltheteachersliveon_floor,andthestudentsliveon_floor.(6,2,3),six,thesecond,thethird,5.形容词、副词的比较等级原级：very/quite+原级as+原级+as(肯定)notas/soas(否定)比较级：原级+er,more+原级，不规则变化much/even/abit/alittle+比较级特殊句式：The+比较级+,the+比较级+最高级：原级+est,most+最高级，不规则变化,1)Listeningisas_asspeakinginlanguagelearning.A.veryimportantB.moreimportantC.important2)Whichcolordoyoulike_,blueorgreen?A.wellB.betterC.best3)Sportshelppeoplekeephealthyandhappyandlive_.(harder,longer,worse)4)InChangsha,itshotinJuly,butitseven_inAugust.5)Imsuretherellbe_pollutionand_treesinthefuture.,hotter,lessmore,6.连词and和，or或者/否则but但是，so所以Moneyisimportant,_itcantbuyeverything.-Wouldyouliketogototheconcertwithme?-Idloveto,_ImafraidIhavenotime.3)TheNobelPrizesincludeprizesfordifferentkindsofscience_theNobelPeacePrize.4)Theydidntknowwhatwaswrongwithhim,_hisfatherdecidedtogototheschoolandaskedhim.5)Studyhard,_youllpasstheexam.Studyhard,_youllfailtheexam.,but,but,and,so,and,or,7.介词in(地点：城市，国家；时间：年份，月份)at(地点：车站/家；时间：几点几分)on(位置：表面；时间：几月几日，节/假日的上下午)by(交通工具；方式：by+V-ing)with(有，具有特征)without(没有，不具有特征)1)TheyarrivedinParis_themorningofMayDay.2)Hewalkedtoschool_anumbrellainthehand.Thejobwastoprovidedthem_adviceandencouragement.(providesb.withsth.)4)Hewassorudethathisfatherwasverymad_him.(bemadatsb.),on,with,with,at,8.动词的时态：1)Heoften_toschoolonfoot.(go)2)Tinaandherparents_toEnglandforsightseeinglastsummer.(fly),goes,flew,一般现在时考试重点：三单形式；always等频率词；状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来时,一般过去时(动词用过去式；句尾有一个过去时间),3)Tinaandherparents_toEnglandforsightseeingnextsummer.(fly)4)Look!They_gamesontheplayground.(play)Listen!Someone_inthenextroom.(talk),willfly,areplaying,istalking,一般将来时(will+V-原;begoingto+V-原),现在进行时(am/is/are+V-ing;句首有look/listen),5)Tinaandherparents_toEnglandforsightseeingatthistimeyesterday.(fly)6)Whenhegothome,hisparents_.(cook),wereflying,werecooking,过去进行时(was/were+V-ing)时间为过去的几点几分；与过去时的状语从句连用,5)-MayIspeaktoMary?-Sorry,sheisntathome.She_totheUSA.(go)6)-DidyoumeetJayChouathisconcertyesterday?-No,Ididnt.WhenIgotthere,he_.(leave),现在完成时(have/hasV-ed;for/since+时间标志词never/already等；前后文语境),过去完成时(hadV-ed;过去的过去),9.被动语态：be+V-ed考试重点：与时态和情态动词的连用一般现在/过去/将来时态、现在完成时，情态动词+be+V-edThesubways_intwoyears.(build)-Doyouoftenplanttreesinspring?-Yes.Manytrees_inourschooleveryyear.-Istherailwaynewlybuilt?-No,it_lastwinter.(build),10.动词的非谓语形式:不定式：V-1+(not)to+V-2；V-ing:V-1+V-2-ing多数情况:不定式少数情况:特定动词+V-ing介词+V-ing不定式短语：疑问词+to+V,1)Beforegoingtothezoo,ourteachertoldus_thepublicrules.(obey)2)Ourteacherstellus_inthehall.(notrun)3)Thestoryissointerestingthatitmademe_.(laugh)4)Isawhim_upstairs,soyoucouldfindhiminhisbedroom.(go),tell/asksb.todosth.,不定式的否定形式,省略to的不定式在make/let/have使役动词后；在see/watch/hear/listento感官动词后,4)Canyoutellus_?A.wheretomeetB.whattodoitC.Howtodo,疑问词+不定式,V-ing作宾语：某些特定的动词后,5)Leoturnedoffthecomputerafterhehadfinished_thee-mail.(write)6)-Howlongdidyouspend_yourwork.-Two.(do)7)Theyhadfun_computergameslastweekend.(play)8)Ireallyenjoyed_dinnerwithmyfamily.(have)9)Wouldyoumind_downtheVCD?(turn),11.感叹句：Whata/an+adj.+可数单数名词(+)！What+adj.+不可数名词(+)！How+adj./adv.+主语+动词！多有趣的一部电影！_interestingmovie(itis)!多好/坏的天气！_good/badweather(itis)!那部电影多有趣啊！_interestingthemovieis!他跑得多快啊！_fastheruns!,Whatan,What,How,How,12.复合句结构：主句+连接词+从句连接词+从句，主句从句的种类：定语从句修饰名词，宾语从句接在动词/介词后，状语从句修饰动词考试重点：定语从句的连接词Thisisthebag_mymotherboughtyesterday.A.thatB.whoC.whomTheman_livesnexttousismyEnglishteacher.A.whomB.whichC.whoHehasafriend_fatherisadoctor.A.whoB.whoseC.which,考试重点：宾语从句的语序陈述结构(主语+V)1)Idontknow_thedayaftertomorrowAwhendoeshecomeBhowwillhecomeCwhetherhellcome2)Doyouknowwhattime_？AthetrainleavesBdoesthetrainleaveCwillthetrainleave,3)Yesterdayhetoldmethat_.A.hewillvisithisgrandpanextweekB.hevisitedhisgrandpathenextweekC.hewouldvisithisgrandpat