英语课件英语构词法课件

英语构词法,英语构词法主要有三种：转化、合成与派生。,英语构词法种类,另外还有截短、缩合等。,1.转化:是指有一种词类转化为另一种词类。,watern.水-watervt.浇水,常见的转化形式：动词-名词名词-动词,动词-名词stopvt.停止-n.车站lovevt.爱-n.爱Watchvt.观看-n.手表recordvt.录音-n.纪录combvt.梳理(头发)-n.梳子abusevt.辱骂-n.辱骂,名词-动词handn.手-vt.上交seatn.座位-vt.坐nursen.护士-vt.护理oiln.油-vt.上油timen.时间-vt.定时，测时shouldern.肩膀-vt.肩负,minen.矿山-vt.开矿barbecuen.烧烤-vt.在烤架上烤shipn.船-vt.用船装运financen.金融-vt.为提供资金stainn.污点,污迹-vt.玷污，污染draftn.草稿-vt.起草headn.头-v.前进transportn.运输-vt.运输,副词-动词downadv.向下-v.放下副词-名词nowhereadv.任何地方都不-n.无处，无名的地方,形容词-名词freezingadj.冰冻的-n.冰点solidadj.固体的,坚实的-n.固体,数词-动词secondnum.第二-v.赞成-n.秒,2.合成:有两个或更多的词合成一个词。class班级+room房间=classroom教室,warm+heart+ed=warmhearted热心肠的good+looking=good-looking相貌好看的,(1)名词airconditionerbloodpressureincometax(2)形容词centralbankremotecontrolfastfoodsolarsystem(3)v-ing加另一词washingmachinedrivinglicense(4)其他方式by-product（副产品）editor-in-chief,合成形容词过去分词或带ed词尾的构成absent-mindedgrey-haired动词的ing或另一词构成long-sufferingfar-reaching(5)合成动词baby-sit,3.派生:是通过在词根上加前缀或者后缀构成一个新词。,happy-unhappydevelop-development,前缀一般只引起意思上的变化而不造成词类的变化，只有少数能引起词类的变化。,mis-错误的+understandv.理解-misunderstandv.误解,en+largeadj.大的-enlargev.扩大,后缀一般只引起词性上的变化而不造成意思的变化。,carev.照料-carefuladj.细心的workv.工作-workern.工人,常见的前缀,(A)表示否定的前缀：un-unfair,unhappynon-nonsmoker(常用在n.adj.adv.前)in-inactive,inhuman,indirect(常用在adj.)dis-disagree,disappearim-impolite,impossible(用在b,p,m开头的词前)il-illegalir-irreal,irregular,(B).表示错误或失当的前缀:mis-misjudge,misdirect(误导)(C).表示向背的前缀:pro-(亲，支持)pro-Chinese,pro-Americananti-（阻止，抗）antiwar,anti-Japanesewar,(D).表示程度、大小的前缀super-superstar,supermarket,superman,superpowerover-overhead,overeat,overusemini-minibus,miniskirt,mini-carunder-underground,underestimatesemi-(半，部分)semicircle,semiskilled,(E).表示时间的前缀pre-prewarpost-postwarfore-(前，预先)foretell,forecast,foresee,weatherforecast,(F).表示方位的前缀：sub-subway,submarineinter-international,interclass(年级之间的）trans-(横过，通过，超越，进入)transplant,transatlantic（横渡大西洋的）,常见的后缀,1.动词变名词：-ationsatisfaction,education,realization-mentdevelopment,movement,disappointment,-alarrival,refusal-eetrainee（受训者）,employee-erteacher,worker-orvisitor,sailor,2.形容词变名词-nesshappiness,meanness,carelessness-ityability,possibility-ismMarxism,criticism,3.名词变形容词：-ywindy,rainy,sandy-ishfoolish,feverish-somehandsome,troublesome-ousdangerous,humorous-fulhelpful,careful,peaceful,3.名词、形容词变动词：-ifybeautify,simplify-izerealize-enquicken,widen,sharpen,但也有一些带后缀的派生词仅仅改变词义：Kingdom:“职位、状态”freedomBoyhood:“身份，资格”childhoodFriendship:情态状态性质身份职业技巧技能”leadership,hardshipSpoonful：构成名词mouthful(满口,一口),handful(一把),4.截短:是指用截头取尾的方法构成新词。telephone-phoneinfluenzainfluenz-flu.流行性感冒,5.缩合:是指把两个或两个以上的词各取一部分合在一起构成一个新单词。,smokeandfog-smog烟雾TestofEnglishasaforeignlanguageTOEFL托福InternationalEnglishlanguagetestsystem-IELTS雅思,1._(adj.)平静的,和平的_(n.)_(adv.)2.()(vi.)抱怨,投诉()(n.)3._(adj.)爱交际的,社交的_(n.)社会_(n.)社会主义4._(vt.&vi.)减少,降低_(n.),1.(peaceful)(adj.)平静的,和平的(peace)(n.)(peacefully)(adv.)2.(complain)(vi.)抱怨,投诉(complaint)(n.)3.(socail)(adj.)爱交际的,社交的(society)(n.)社会(socialist)(n.)社会主义4.(reduce)(vt.&vi.)减少,降低(reduction)(n.),5._(n.)广告_(v.)_(n.)登广告的人6._(adj.)平等的_(adv.)_(n.)相等,平等7._(vi.)比赛,竞争_(n.)8._(adv.)幸运地_(adj.)_(n.)运气,财富,命运,5.advertisement(n.)广告advertise(v.)advertiser(n.)登广告的人6.equal(adj.)平等的equally(adv.)equality(n.)相等,平等pete(vi.)比赛,竞争competition(n.)8.fortunately(adv.)幸运地fortunate(adj.)fortune(n.)运气,财富,命运,exercisevi.锻炼，运动Sheshouldexercisemore.Theydontexerciseenough.Mygrandfatherexercisedandbecamehealthier.vt.练习Weshouldexerciseourlegs.Heisexercisinghimselfindancing.,n.(不