被动语态讲解和练习

被动语态一、什么是语态？语态是英语动词的一种表现形式，用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系。二、语态的种类：,（1）主动语态（2）被动语态,三、什么是主动语态？什么是被动语态？四、被动语态的构成：(八种时态下的被动语态）,be+及物动词的过去分词can/may/must+be+过去分词,am/is/are+done(过去分词)一般现在时2)has/havebeendone现在完成时3)am/is/arebeingdone现在进行时4)was/weredone一般过去时5)hadbeendone过去完成时,Visitorsareaskednottotouchtheexhibits.(展品）,Allthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompleted,Anewcinemaisbeingbuilthere,Iwasgiventenminutestodecide.,Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymhadbeencompletedinBeijing.,6)was/werebeingdone过去进行时7)shall/willbedone一般将来时8）should/wouldbedone过去将来时被动语态的特殊结构形式1）带情态动词的被动结构其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。,AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.,Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactorycloses.,Thenewswouldbesenttothesoldiersmotherassoonasitarrived.,Thebabycanbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.,Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam,Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam,5、主动语态变被动语态应注意的问题1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，应保留主动语态原来的时态。如：Sheoftencleansthehouse.Thehouseisoftencleanedbyher.2.有些动词可以有双宾语，在用于被动结构时，通常变为主语的是间接宾语（sb.）,Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday,Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.,3)当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动.,Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette(香烟）,=Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.,4）在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等变为被动结构时，要加to,Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding,=Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.,5)有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词”，“动词副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。,ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday,一、系动词taste,smell,feel,sound,prove等可用主动形式表达被动意义。如:,1这些花闻起来很香。2那听起来很有道理。3那食物尝起来很可口。,Theseflowerssmellsweet.,Thatsoundsveryreasonable.,Thefoodtastesdelicious.,二、某些与cantwont等连用的不及物动词，如move,lock,shut,open等可用主动形式表达被动意义。如：,1盒子不能移动。2门不会关。,Theboxcantmove.,Thedoorwontshut.,三、某些可用来表示主语内在品质或性能的不及物动词，如sell,write,wash,clean,last(耐久),wear(耐穿),等可用主动形式表达被动意义.如:,Thiskindoffoodsellswell.这种食物畅销。,Thisclothwasheswellandlastslong.这布料经洗、耐穿。,Thefloordoesntcleaneasily.这地板不容易弄干净。,五、形容词worth后面要用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。如：,1小说值得一读。2事情值得做。,Thenovelisworthreading.,Thethingisworthdoing.,四、在动词require,need,want等动词之后，可用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。,1树需要浇水。2孩子需要照顾。3电视机需要修理。,Thetreesneedwatering.,Childrenwantlookingafter.,TheTVneedsmending.,六、动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义：,不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关系时，如：,我有许多事情要做。他有几项任务要完成。,Ihavealotofthingstodo.,Hehasseveraltaskstocomplete.,2.在“系动词+形容词+不定式”结构中，常见句型有：,n.+be+too+adj.+todoTheplaneistoohightosee.2)n.+be+adj.+enough+todoThebookischeapenoughformetobuy.3)n.+be+adj.+todoThequestionisnoteasytoanswer.,课堂练习（一）改写句子1.Weplanttreesinspringeveryyear._byusinspringeveryyear.2.Shepostedtheletteryesterday._byheryesterday.3.MrTurnergavemeabirthdaypresent._abirthdaypresentbyMrTurner.4.Heisdrawingapicture._byhim.5.Youmayhandinyourhomeworktomorrow._byyoutomorrow.6.Sheisgoingtowritealetter._byher.,Treesareplanted,Theletterwasposted,Iwasgiven,Apictureisbeingdrawn,Yourhomeworkmaybehandedin,Aletterisgoingtobewritten,7.Ihavegivenyouthenewbook._toyou.8.Herbagcannotbefoundbyher._herbag.9.DoyouoftenhearhersingRussiansongs?_Russiansongsbyyou?10.Shedoesntlethersonswimintheriver._intheriverbyher.11.Thebridgewasbeingbuiltbythematthistimelastyear._thebridgeatthistimelastyear.12.Doessheoftensingthesong?_byher?,Thenewbookhasbeengiven,Shecannotfind,Issheoftenheardtosing,Hersonisntlettoswim,Theywerebuilding,Isthesongoftensung,1.Ifcitynoises_fromincreasing，people_shouttobeheardevenatdinnerAarenotkept；willhavetoBarenotkept；haveCdonotkeep；willhavetoDdonotkeep；haveto2.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,_andperfectednow.A.developedB.havedevelopedC.arebeingdevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped3.-_thesportsmeetmightbeputoff-Yes，italldependsontheweatherAIvebeentoldBIvetoldCImtoldDItold,A,C,A,4.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection_.A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted5.Rainforests_andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut6.Thenewbridge_bytheendoflastmonth.A.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesignedC.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesigned7.Whenpartofapencilisinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.wasbrokenD.hadbeenbroken,D,C,B,C,8.Greatchanges_inthecity,andalotoffactories_.A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetupB.havetakenplace;havebeensetupC.havetakenplace;havesetupD.weretakenplace;weresetup9.Thatsuit_over60dollars.A.hadcostedB.costedC.iscostedD.cost10.-Look!Everythinghereisunderconstruction.-Whatstheprettysmallhousethat_for?A.isbeingbuiltB.hasbeenbuiltC.isbuiltD.isbuilding11.-Doyoulikethecloth?-Yes,it_verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt,B,D,A,C,12.Itisdifficultforaforeigner_ChineseAwriteBtowriteCtobewrittenDwritten13.Ihavenomoreletters_，thankyouAtotypeBtypingCtobetypedDtyped14.Takecare!Dontdroptheinkonyourshirt,forit_easily.A.wontwashoutB.wontbewashedoutC.isntwashedoutD.isntwashingout15.Nobodynoticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto_.A.beputupB.giveinC.beturnedonD.goout,B,C,A,D,16.Thecomputersonthetable_ProfessorSmith.A.belongsB.arebelongedtoC.belongstoD.belongto17.-Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?-Oh,excellent.Itsworth_asecondtime.A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread18.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed_.A.catchingB.tobecaughtC.beingcaughtD.tocatch19.Thispageneeded_again.A.beingcheckedB.checkedC.tocheckD.tobechecked20._manytimes,theboystilldidntknowhowtodoit.A.HavingtaughtB.HavingbeentaughtC.taughtD.Teaching,D,C,C,D,B,KeystoP37Part5:1.aremade2.were,organised,Part6:1.hasbeenarranged(arrange安排）2.isbeingcollected3.wasbeingpainted,Part7:1.iscelebrated2.issplashed(泼，溅）3.arecarried4.aretold5.isrelated6.arewashed7.areraced8.arel