数控技术(双语)

1,数控技术（双语）NumericalControlTechnology董长双2013.7,机械工程学院,2,Chapter1Introductiontonumericalcontrol,1.1FundamentalsofNCtechnology1.1.1DevelopmenthistoryofNCLate1940s，JohnparsonsandFrankstulenputupNCideas.parsonscorporation（Traversecity,Michigan)theideaofusingcoordinatepositiondatacontainedonpunchedcardstodefineandmachinethesurfacecontoursofairfoilshapesprecision:0.0015inch(0.038mm)April1951,ContractwassignedbyMITandAirForce.March1952,ThefirstNCmachinewasdevelopedbyMIT.CincinnatiMillingMachineCo.verticalHydro-Telmillingmachine.Controllerconsisted292vacuumtubes.,3,Chapter1Introductiontonumericalcontrol,4,Chapter1Introductiontonumericalcontrol,1954IndustryNCmachinewasdevelopedbyBendixCo.MachinecenterwasdevelopedbyKeaneyandTrecherCo.Machinecenter:MultifunctionNCmachinewithautomatictoolchangerandtoolstorage.1967FMSwasdevelopedbyMollinCo.Mollin24system,(24hr/day,16hrhumanworkerunattended)7machinetoolswascontrolledbyIBM1360/140computer.,5,Chapter1Introductiontonumericalcontrol,1.1.2ConceptofNCandCNCGB8129-87定义：数字控制（NC）是用数字化信号对机床运动及其加工过程进行控制的一种方法，简称数控。数控机床（NCmachine)是采用了数控技术的机床或者说是装备了数控系统的机床。NChardwiredNCCNCComputernumericalcontrol,6,Chapter1Introductiontonumericalcontrol,7,Chapter1Introductiontonumericalcontrol,8,Chapter1Introductiontonumericalcontrol,9,Chapter1Introductiontonumericalcontrol,10,Chapter1Introductiontonumericalcontrol,11,Chapter1Introductiontonumericalcontrol,12,Chapter1Introductiontonumericalcontrol,13,Chapter1Introductiontonumericalcontrol,14,Chapter1Introductiontonumericalcontrol,15,Chapter1Introductiontonumericalcontrol,16,Chapter1Introductiontonumericalcontrol,17,Chapter1Introductiontonumericalcontrol,18,Chapter1Introductiontonumericalcontrol,1.1.3BasiccomponentofNCmachinetoolsTheworkprocessofNCBasiccomponentsofaCNCmachinetool,19,Chapter1Introductiontonumericalcontrol,20,Chapter1Introductiontonumericalcontrol,1.2ClassificationofNCmachines1.2.1TypesofNCmotioncontrolsystem1.Point-to-pointcontrolsystem(Positioningcontrolsystem)2.Contouringcontrolsystem(Continuouspathcontrolsystem),21,Chapter1Introductiontonumericalcontrol,Interpolationtwoormoreaxesmovessimultaneously1.linearinterpolation2.circularinterpolation3.helicalinterpolation4.parabolicinterpolation5.cubicsplineinterpolation,22,Chapter1Introductiontonumericalcontrol,1.2.2TypesofNCservo-drivesystem1.Open-loopservodrive,Servo-motorisusuallySteppingmotor,23,位置控制调节器,速度控制调节与驱动,检测与反馈单元,位置控制单元,速度控制单元,+,+,-,-,CNC插补指令,实际位置反馈,实际速度反馈,Chapter1Introductiontonumericalcontrol,2.half-Closed-loopservodriveACservomotororDCservomotorConvenienttoadjustHasagoodstability,24,Chapter1Introductiontonumericalcontrol,3.Closed-loopservodriveACservomotororDCservomotor从理论上讲，可以消除整个驱动和传动环节的误差、间隙和失动量。具有很高的位置控制精度。由于位置环内的许多机械传动环节的摩擦特性、刚性和间隙都是非线性的，故很容易造成系统的不稳定，使闭环系统的设计、安装和调试都相当困难该系统主要用于精度要求很高的镗铣床、超精车床、超精磨床以及较大型的数控机床等。,25,Chapter1Introductiontonumericalcontrol,1.2.3ApplicationofCNC1.Machinetoolapplicationturning,drilling,milling,grindingNClathe,NCboringmill,NCdrillpress,NCmillingmachine,NCgrindingmachine,machinecenter.MultifunctionNCmachineswithautomatictoolchangerandtoolstorage.2.Non-machinetoolapplicationPunchpress,sheetmetalbending,weldingmachine,thermalcuttingmachine(oxfuelcutting,lasercutting,plasmaarccutting),tubebendingmachine.,26,Chapter1Introductiontonumericalcontrol,1.3FeaturesofNCmachineanditsapplicationareas1.3.1AdvantagesanddisadvantagesofNCMorecomplexpartgeometriesandgreateraccuracyparts1985“Toshibaevent”5axesNCmillingmachine5000000dollarssubmarinenoisereduced90%Norway波路斯塔特30岁1.3.2ApplicationareasforNCmachinetools,27,Manufacturingprocessanalyze,NCpartprogram,Operationcard,Traditionalmachining,NCmachining,compareoftraditionalmachiningandNCmachining,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,2.1IntroductionPartgraphicsNCpartprogram,28,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,2.1.1ThecontentsandstepsofNCprogramming1.Analyzingpartgraphicsanddeterminingthemanufacturingtechnologicalprocess.2.Correctlyselectingprogramoriginandcoordinatesystem.3.Calculatingnumericalvalues.4.Writingpartprogram.5.Fabricatingcontrolmedium.6.Verifyingpartprograms.,29,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,常用的校验和试切方法：对于平面轮廓零件可在机床上用笔代替刀具、坐标纸代替工件进行空运转空运行绘图。对于空间曲面零件，可用蜡块、塑料或木料或价格低的材料作工件，进行试切，以此检查程序的正确性。在具有图形显示功能的机床上，用静态显示（机床不动）或动态显示（模拟工件的加工过程）的方法，则更为方便。上述方法只能检查运动轨迹的正确性，不能判别工件的加工误差首件试切(在允许的条件下)方法不仅可查出程序单和控制介质是否有错，还可知道加工精度是否符合要求。当发现错误时，应分析错误的性质，或修改程序单，或调整刀具补偿尺寸，直到符合图纸规定的精度要求为止。,30,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,2.1.2ThemethodsofNCprogramming1.ManualpartprogrammingAlargenumberofuncomplicatedpartsareconstitutedonlybythesimplegeometricelementsofstraightlinesAndcircles.2.AutomaticprogrammingAPTlanguage(automaticallyprogrammedtools)CAD/CAMacomputerinteractivegraphicssystemUG,Pro/E,MasterCAM，Cimatron，PowerMill,31,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,2.1.3ThebasisofNCpartprogrammingThestandardsofNCISO(InternationalOrganizationforStandardization)EIA(ElectronicIndustriesAssociation),我国根据ISO标准制定了JB3051-82数字控制机床坐标和运动方向的命名，JB320883数字控制机床穿孔带程序段格式中的准备功能G和辅助功能M的代码等国家标准。注意：由于各类机床使用的代码、指令，其含义不一定完全相同，因此编程人员还必须按照各自数控机床使用手册的具体规定来编制程序。本课程讲述的为FANUC系统指令,32,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,1.ThegeometricbasisofNCpartprogramming(1)NCcoordinatesystemCartesiancoordinatesystem(right-handandright-angledcoordinate),33,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,Zaxis:Zaxisisparalleltothespindle,thedirectionoftooltodepartfrompartisforwarddirection.,34,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,Xaxis:Inthehorizontalplaneandlongesttravel.InCNCmachinetool,nomaterthetoolmovesorworkpiecemoves,themovementsisassumedthattoolmovesawayfromortowardworkpiece.Direction:Inverticalmachinetool,movestotherightalongaplaneoftheworkastheoperatorlooksatthatplane.Inhorizontalmachinetool,movestotheleftalongaplaneoftheworkastheoperatorlooksatthatplane.,35,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,YaxisanditsdirectionisdeterminedbyCartesiancoordinate.,36,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,Rotarymotiondirectionsfollowright-handscrewrule.Aaxis:RotationaroundXaxisBaxis:RotationaroundYaxisCaxis:RotationaroundZaxis,37,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,规定与主轴轴线平行的坐标轴为Z轴，刀具远离工件的方向为Z轴的正向。如果机床上有多根主轴，则选垂直于工件装夹平面的主轴为Z轴（如龙门铣床）；如果主轴能摆动，则选垂直于工件装夹平面的坐标轴为Z轴；如果机床无主轴，则规定垂直于工件装夹平面的坐标轴为Z轴（如刨床）。X轴规定为水平平行于工件装夹平面。X轴的方向分两种情况确定。对工件旋转的机床（如车床、外圆磨床），X轴的运动方向是径向的，与横向导轨平行，刀具远离工件旋转中心的方向为正向。对刀具旋转的机床，若Z轴为垂直（如立式铣床、镗床，钻床）的，则面对刀具主轴向床身立柱方向看，右手平伸方向为X轴正向的，即X轴运动正方向指向右方；若Z轴为水平（如卧式铣床、镗床）的，则沿刀具主轴后端向工件方向看，右手平伸方向为X轴正向的，即X轴运动正方向指向右方。在确定X、Z轴及正向后，Y轴及其方向由右手定则确定。规定绕X、Y、Z旋转的圆周进给坐标轴分别为A、B、C轴，A、B、C轴的正向由右手螺旋定则判定，即伸出右手让大拇指分别指向X、Y、Z轴正向，其余四指握住相应的X、Y、Z轴，则其四指的指向就是相应旋转轴圆周进给方向的正向。若在机床上除X、Y和Z坐标的直线进给运动外，还有其它的直线运动，则可建立第二坐标系，其直线坐标为U、V、W；回转坐标为D、E、F。若再有其它进给运动可顺次建立第三坐标系。,38,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,(2)MachinecoordinatesystemTheoriginofmachinecoordinatesystem(machineorigin)ofaCNCmachinetoolissetbymanufactureranditisfixed.referencepoint:thelimitsofdirectionforwardInordertoconfirmthecuttingtoollocationinmachinecoordinatesystem,whentheNCmachinestarts,theoperatormustoperatetheaxisofNCmachinetoreturntoreferencepoint.,39,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,(3)PartcoordinatesystemTheoriginofpartcoordinatesystem(programzeropoint)isdecidedbytheprogrammer,thedecisionisusuallybasedonprogrammingconvenienceandfindingeasiness.Forexample,theoriginofpartcoordinatesystemislocatedatoneofthetopcornersofthepart.Iftheworkpieceissymmetrical,thezeromightbedefinedatthecenterofsymmetry.,40,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,2.ThetechnologicalbasisofNCprogramming(1)Determiningthepartmachiningroutesrationally()Guaranteeingtherequirementsofmachiningprecisionandsurfaceroughness;()Shorteningmachiningroutesandreducingthetimeofidletoolrunningasmuchaspossible;()Simplifyingthenumericalvaluesandreducingtheprogrammingblocks.Generallyspeaking,conventionalmillingisusedinroughmachiningandclimbmillingisusedinprecisionmachine.,Climbmilling,Conventionalmilling,41,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,(2)SelectingtoolsettingpointandtoolchangingpointrationallyToolsettingpointisthebeginningpointofmovementofcuttingtoolrelativetotheworkpiecewhenamachinetoolmanufacturesapart.()Thesettingpointmakesoperationeasilyandprogrammingsimply;()Thesettingpointiseasytofind;()Thecausedmachiningerrorissmall.Toolchangingpointisthepositionofchangingtoolsbythetoolchanger.Toolchangingpointshouldbeoutsidetheworkpieceorthefixture,theToolchangercanttouchworkpieceandfixturewhenthetoolsischanged.Toolpositionpointisapointontooltoexpressthetoolposition.,42,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,(2)Rationallyselectingthemethodsoffixing,cuttingtoolsandcuttingparameters()Selectingstandardandcommonfixturesasfaraspossible,avoidingselectingspecialfixtures;()Fixingandremovingpartsquickly,convenientlyandrationally;()Thepartsurfacetobemachinedshouldbeexposedtooutside.Dontletthefixtureaffecttherapidmotionandmachiningofatool.,43,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,2.2ThecodeusedinCNCISOcodes由7位二进制数及偶校验位组成，第8位用作补偶位。EIAcodes由6位二进制数及奇校验位组成，第5位用作补奇位。ISO码同ASCII码（Americanstandardcodeforinformationinterchange),44,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,2.2.1Programminglanguageformatprogramnumber:FANUCo0000o9999SIMENS%0000%9999N10G01X-63.75Y70.28F100S1000T12M03;N10:SequencenumberwordsG01:PreparatoryfunctionwordsorGfunction,G00G99,tospecifyaCNCHowtomove,containsettingcoordinatesystem,planeselection,Interpolation,toolcompensation,cannedcyclesetc.X-63.75Y70.28:DimensionwordsF100:FeedfunctionwordsS1000:SpindlespeedfunctionwordsT12:FeedfunctionwordsM03:Miscellaneousfunctionwords,M00M99,tospecifyMiscellaneousorAuxiliaryfunctions,spindleon/off,coolanton/off,programstop,programend,Automatictoolchangeetc.;Endofblockcharacter,45,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,2.2.2preparatoryfunctions(Gcodes)1.typesoftoolpositionsmodesAbsolutemodeG90IncrementalmodeG91G90(G91)G00(G01,G02,G03,)X_Y_(F_);2.G00RapidmotionG00X_Y_;ThetoolinthepointA,rapidlymovestopointC.G90G00X117Y65;G91G00X85Y31;ThemotiontrackisABC.,46,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,Example：N0070N0080G00X32.0Z2.0N00903.G01LinearinterpolationG01X_Y_Z_F_;G90G01X117Y65F100;G91G01X85Y31F100;Example：N0070N0080G00X10.0Z2.0N0090G01Z-10.0F0.1N0100X30.0Z-25.0N0110,47,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,ModalGcode:ItwillremainineffectforallblocksunlessreplacedbyanothermodalGcodeinthesamegroup.NonmodalGcode:Itwillaffecttheblockinwhichitappear.G90,G91issamegroup;G00,G01,G02,G03issamegroup.4.G02,G03circularinterpolationG02Clockwisemotion;G03Counterclockwisemotion.Theprogrammermustlookatthemotionfromtheplussideoftheuninvolvedaxis.Format1:G02(G03)X_Y_R_F_;R:Thediametervalue,ifthearcissmallerthanorequal180，theRvaluesispositive,ifthearcisbiggerthan180,theRvalueisnegative.ThewholecircleisntusedRtoexpress.,48,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,Format2:G02(G03)X_Y_I_J_F_;I,J,KiscorrespondingtoX,Y,ZTheI,J,Kvalueisthedistanceanddirectionfromstartingpointtothecenterofthearc.Absolutemode：G00X200.0Y40.0；G90G03X140.0Y100.0I-60.0F300；G02X120.0Y60.0I-50.0；orG00X200.0Y40.；G90G03X140.0Y100.0R60.0F300；G02X120.0Y60.0R50.0；Incrementalmode：G91G03X-60.0Y60.0I-60.0F300；G02X-20.0Y-40.0I-50.0；orG91G03X-60.0Y60.0R60.0F300；G02X-20.0Y-40.0R50.0；,49,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,5.G17,G18,G19selectingplanecommandsG17-xyplane;G18-zxplane;G19-yzplane.G17isusuallyomitted.TurningcenterusuallymachinesontheXZplane,theselectingplanecommandG18isnotneed.,50,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,6.G92(G50)AssigningtheworkcoordinatesystemNCmillingmachinetoolG92X_Y_Z_;NCLatheG50X_Z_;X,Y,Zisthecoordinatevalueoftoolsettingpointinthepartcoordinatesystem.,G50X134.5Z237.8,51,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,G92X80Y50Z20;X-410.518,-321.326Y-206.587,-135.516Z-47.835,Z=-47.853,Settingpoint(-294.922,-121.052,-27.853),52,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,7.G53selectingmachinecoordinatesystemG53X_Y_Z_;Makesthecuttingtoolrapidlymovetothepoint(X,Y,Z)intheMachinecoordinatesystem.G53X-294.922Y-121.052Z-27.853;G92X80Y50Z20;8.G54G59settingworkcoordinatesystemG54G90G00(G01)X_Y_Z_(F_);ThoroughMDIinputtingthevalue(-374.922,-171.052,-47.835)totheaddressG54.Thenumbervalueisthecoordinatevalueofworkcoordinatesystemorigininthemachinecoordinatesystem.G54G90G00X80Y50Z20;,53,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,G90G54G00X100.Y50.Z200.。,54,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,9.G28AutomaticreturntoreferencepointG29ReturnfromreferencepointG28X_Y_Z_;Thetoolrapidlymovestomiddlepoint(X,Y,Z),thenreturntoreferencepoint.G29X_Y_Z_;Thetoolfromreferencepointrapidlymovestomiddlepoint,thenmovestopoint(X,Y,Z).Example:A(100,170)B(200,270)C(500,100)G91G28X100.0Y100.0;M06;G29X300.0Y170;,55,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,10.G41,G42,G40cuttingradiuscompensationG41LeftcuttingcompensationG42RightcuttingcompensationG40CancelcuttingcompensationSettingupcuttingradiuscompensationG41(G42)G01(G00)X_Y_F_D_;D00D99:ThenumberofcuttingRadiuscompensation.ThoroughMDIinputtingtheradiusvaluetotheaddressD.CancelcuttingradiuscompensationG40G01(G00)X_Y_F_;ThevalueofD00isalways0.,56,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,57,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,Example:N01G42G01X30.0Y30.0F200D01；N02G01X110.0；N03G03130.0Y50.0J20.0；N04G01Y70.0；N05G03X120.0Y80.0I-10.0；N06G01X50.0；N07X30.0Y100.0；N08Y30.0；N09G40G00X0Y0；,58,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,11.G43,G44,G49toollengthcompensationG43ToollengthpositivecompensationG44ToollengthnegativecompensationG49ToollengthcompensationcancellationSettinguptoollengthcompensationG43(G44)G01(G00)Z_H_;CanceltoollengthcompensationG49G01(G00)Z_;H00H99:Thenumberoftoollengthcompensation.ThoroughMDIinputtingthetoollengthcompensationvaluetotheaddressH.ThevalueofH00isalways0.,59,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,执行G43时，（刀具长时，离开刀工件补偿）Z实际值=Z指令值+（Hxx）执行G44时，（刀具短时，趋近工件补偿）Z实际值=Z指令值-（Hxx）,60,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,12.G04Dwellforacertaintime（Stoppingtofeed，thespindleremainingturn）G04X_;sG04P_;ms,G91G01Z-7.F60；G04X5.；（刀具在孔底停留5s）G00Z7.；,Burnishing光整加工,61,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,O0001；N001G54T01；N002G91G28Z0M06；N003S600M03；N004G90G00X20.0Y60.0；N005G43H01Z3.0M07；N006G01Z-19.0F50；N007G04P2000；N008G00Z3.0；N009G00X110.0Y40.0；N010G01Z-19.0F50；,N011G04P2000；N012G00Z3.0T02；N013G91G28Z0M06；N014S800M03；N015G43G00H02Z3.0；N016X50.0Y20.0；N017Z3.0M07；N018G01Z-35.0F50；N019G00Z100.0M09；N020M05；N021M30；,Example:(H01)=50(H02)=100,62,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,O0002；G91G00X70.Y45.S800M03；G43Z-22.H02；G01Z-18.F100M08；G04X5.；G00Z18.；X30.Y-20.；G01Z-33.F100；G00G49Z55.M09；X-100.Y-25.；M30；,63,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,2.2.3Miscellaneousmachinefunctions(Mcodes)M00CausesaprogramstopM01OptionalstopM02Causesaprogramend(执行完该指令后，不返回到程序起始位置）M03TurnspindleclockwiseonM04TurnspindlecounterclockwiseonM05TurnspindleoffM06StopstheprogramandcallsforanautomatictoolchangeM07Turnsthecoolanton(雾状切削液）M08TurnsthecoolantonM09TurnsthecoolantoffM30Endofprogram(执行完该指令后，返回到程序起始位置）ModalMcodeandNonmodalMcodeBeforeeffectingcodeandAftereffectingcode,64,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,Beforeeffectingcode:Executedwiththestartofaxismovementsinablock.Aftereffectingcode:Executedafterthecompletionofaxismovementsinablock.M98CallforsubprogramM99ReturnfromsubprogramM98PXXXXXXXX；orM98PXXXXLXXXX;XXXXThenumbersofcallforsubprogram;XXXXThenamesofsubprogram.M99；,Nestingofprogram,65,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,例：图上有4个形状、尺寸相同的槽，槽深2mm，槽宽10mm，未注圆角R5，使用子程序编程O100(Mainprogram）N1G90G92X0Y0Z200;N2G00X30Y15Z5;N3G91S600M03;N4M98P2000;N5G00X70;N6M98P2000;N7G00X-70Y50;N8M98P2000;N9G00X70;N10M98P2000;N11M05;N12G90G00X0Y0Z200;O2000(Subprogram)N13M02;N1G01Z-7F50;N2X50F150;N3Y30;N4X-50;N5Y-30;N6G00Z7;N7M99;,66,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,2.3ProgrammingofCNClathefacing,turning,grooving,parting,drilling,boring,threading1.AbsolutemodeX,Z;IncrementalmodeU,W2.ToolcompletionTXXXXXXToolnumber;XXToolcompletionnumberG41,G42,G40,TOOLOFFSETNOXAXISZAXISRADIUSTIP0140.50020.0000.6001020313.70016.8000.4002,67,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,图3-2刀位偏差和刀具偏置补偿a)无刀位偏差b)有刀位偏差,68,前刀座(后倒座）,1（4）,2（3）,3（2）,4（1）,5（5）,6（8）,7（7）,8（6）,0或9,X,Z,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,69,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,0或9,表示了假想刀尖的方位，是由坐标系和切削时的刀具的方向决定的,假想刀尖号码（前刀座）,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,Z,X,70,假想刀尖号码（后刀座）,4,3,2,1,5,8,7,6,0或9,表示了假想刀尖的方位，是由坐标系和切削时的刀具的方向决定的,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,Z,X,71,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,Cannedcyclescodes1.singleshapefixedcycles(1)turningcylindricalsurface,72,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,(2)Turningconicalsurface,R0,73,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,(3)facingcylindricalsurface,74,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,(4)Facingconicalsurface,G94X(U)_Z(W)_R_F_;,R,R0,75,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,(5)Cylindricalthreadcutting,76,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,(6)Taperthreadcutting,R0F:Screw-pitch,R,77,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,2.CompoundfixedcyclesG71RoughturningG71指令格式：G71U(d)R(e)；G71P(ns)Q(nf)U(u)W(w)F(f)S(s)T(t)；N(ns)F_从序号ns至nf的程序段,指定A及B间的移动指令。S_T_N(nf)d:粗加工切削深度(半径指定)。不指定正负符号。切削方向依照AA的方向决定，在另一个值指定前不会改变。e:退刀行程。ns:精加工形状程序的第一个段号。nf:精加工形状程序的最后一个段号。u：X方向精加工预留量的距离及方向（直径指定）。w:Z方向精加工预留量的距离及方向。当上述指令是工件内径轮廓时，G71就自动成为内径粗车固定循环，此时径向精车余量u应指定为负值。,78,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,(2)G72RoughfacingG72W(d)R(e)；G72P(ns)Q(nf)U(u)W(w)F(f)S(s)T(t)；,79,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,(3)G73FixedshaperoughturningG73U(i)W(k)R(d)；G73P(ns)Q(nf)U(u)W(w)F(f)S(s)T(t)；i：X方向总退刀量，即X方向毛坯粗切除总余量(半径指定)。k：Z方向总退刀量，即Z方向毛坯粗切除总余量。d：粗切循环次数。(4)G70FinishingturningG70P(ns)Q(nf);isusedafterG71，G72，G73,80,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,例2.4.3：如图2-28零件，毛坯为棒料，用用外径粗加工复合循环G71和精加工循环G70编制零件的加工程序。设循环起点为（48，3），切削深度1.5mm（半径值），退刀量0.5mm，X向精加工余量0.2mm（半径值），Z向精加工余量0.2mm。程序如下：O0003；N10G50X90.0Z20.0T0101；N20G00X48.0Z3.0M08；N30S400M03；N40G71U1.5R0.5；N50G71P60Q150U0.4W0.2F0.2；N60G00X0；N70G01X10.0Z-2.0F0.15；N80Z-20.0；N90G02X20.0Z-25.0R5.0；N100G01Z-35.0；N110G01X23.0；N120G03X35.0W-6.0R6.0；N130G01Z-50.0；N140X45.0Z-60.0；N150W-80.0；N160X50；N170G00X90.0Z20.0M09；N180M05；N190M30；,81,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,例2.4.4：如图2-29零件，毛坯为棒料，用端面粗加工复合循环G72和精加工循环G70编制零件的加工程序。设循环起点为（168，2），切削深度7mm（半径值），退刀量1mm，X向精加工余量2mm（半径值），Z向精加工余量2mm。程序如下：O0004；N01G50X200.0Z50.0T0101；N02G00X168.0Z2.0M08；N03S500M03；N04G72W7.0R1.0；N05G72P06Q12U4.0W2.0F0.3；N06G00Z-72.0S800；N07G01X120.0W12.0F0.15；N08W10.0；N09X80.0W10.0；N10W10.0；N11X30.0W10.0；N12X20.0Z2.0；N13G70P06Q12；N14G00X200.0Z50.0M09；N15M05；N16M30；,82,Chapter2NCpartprogramming,例2.4.5：如图2-30零件，毛坯为锻件，用固定形状粗加工复合循环G73和精加工循环G70编制零件的加工程序。设粗加工分三刀进行，第一刀留给剩下两刀的总余量X向（单边）和Z向均为9.5mm；三刀完毕，留给X向（单边）和Z向的精加工余量为0.5mm；粗加工进给量为0.3mm/r，精加工进给量为0.15mm/r；主轴转速粗加工为500r/min，精加工为1000r/min。其加工程序如下。O0005；N01G50X200.0Z200.0T0101；N02S500M03；N03G00X140.0Z40.0M08；N04G73U