英语完形填空答题技巧

英语复习专题,完形填空,完型填空之能力训练目标：词语辨析能力语法结构分析能力语篇理解能力逻辑推理能力文化背景透析能力作者意图剖析能力生活常识综合运用能力,题材常为记叙文或夹叙夹议的文章.内容完整,逻辑性强,语言结构严谨.考察近义词语细微差别的辨析.考察重点多为实词:名/代/动词/形容/副词等.关注语境背景知识,侧重上下关联,暗示判断能力.侧重于篇章,体现语用判断和内在逻辑.,完型填空特点:,完形填空总体要求,完形填空全面考查学生的语言知识、阅读理解能力和总体语言水平。解题过程是对语篇中的缺失信息进行猜测、推断、验证的过程，通常我们可以借助语篇的上下文线索以及文化背景知识等进行解题。,解题方法：,总的原则:“先完意，后完形”。,八字方针：上下求索，瞻前顾后。,三步曲：读填读,三步答题,Step1Skip(跳读)thepassagetogetthegeneralideaandpayattentiontothefirstsentence.,Intheclozetest,thereisnoblankinthefirstsentence(首句).Ithelpsustoknowthetopicofthewholepassage.(完形填空首句不挖空，帮助进入语境）,Step2Rereadandchoosethebestanswerforeachblankbyusingsomemethods.(在把握语篇大意的基础上，借助于一些恰当的方法选择最佳答案),Fourmethods(四种常用的方法)：,1、context(上下文语境)2、worddistinctionsorcollocations(词语辨析和固定搭配)3、informationgiveninthepassage(利用文章中的信息-原词复现、近义词和反义词等)4、culturalbackgroundandcommonsense(文化背景和常识),Step3Readthepassageagainandchecktheanswers.（将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查）,Tips:1.thetenseandthevoice，theaccordbetweensubjectandpredicate(时态语态，主谓语在上下文的中是否一致)2.grammarandcollocations(语法和习惯用法的搭配在上下文中是否一致)3.theconnectionbetweensentencesandparagraphs(段与段，句与句之间的衔接是否连贯)4.themeaningofthewholepassage(整体上检查结构、语义及逻辑是否一致，上下文的衔接是否合理),完形填空之九大解题技巧,利用首句来解题,Ididverybadlyatschool.MyheadmasterthoughtIwas36andwhenIwas14,hesaid,“Yourenevergoingtobe37(anything)butafailure.”36.A.brightB.uselessC.simpleD.hopeful,2.根据上下文语境，合理推断来解题,Ourfatherwasastruggling36(lawyer),butIalwaysknewhewas37.Henevercriticizedus,butused38tobringoutourbest.37.A.strictB.honestC.specialD.learned38.A.helpB.peaceC.smileD.praise,PracticeHisbigstomachhasalwaysballoonedoutbetweenhisT-shirtandtrousers.Althoughhisfamilyoften43aboutthat,Edrefusedtobuya44T-shirtortoloseweight.43.A.caredB.forgotC.quarreledD.joked44.A.cleanB.straightC.largerD.darker,常见的标志性的词语有以下几种:结构层次:firstly,secondly,thirdly；逻辑关系：thus,therefore,so；递进关系：besides,whatsmore,furthermore;转折关系：but,while,however等。,3.利用语篇的标志性的词语解题,Shetoldthefront-deskclerkshehadhada(n)_1_vacation,butwasheart-brokenaboutlosingseveralrollsofKodakcolorfilmshehadnotyetdeveloped.1.A.disappointingB.wonderfulC.uncomfortableD.important,_,andtheofficersthenbegantoeattheirmeal,sayingthatthemushroomshadaverystrange_37_quitepleasanttaste.37.A.besidesB.butC.andD.or,4.根据逻辑推理解题,Studentsgenerallyappreciatethesespecial50opportunities.Theyarealmostalwaysfunandinteresting,andprofessors51themtoobecausestudentslearnsomuchinjustafewshortmonths.50.A.workingB.livingC.teachingD.learning51.A.holdB.likeC.dislikeD.discover,Practice,Theamountofusablewaterhasalwaysbeenofgreatinterestintheworld.36(Owning)springsandstreamssometimesmeanscontrol,particularlyinthe37areaslikethedesert.AdryBdistantCdesertedDwild,5.根据常识和文化背景的角度来选择,Iwentintoacafandaskedforacoffee.21Iwaswaitingformydrink,Irealizedthattherewereotherpeopleintheplace,butIsensed22(loneliness).ABeforeBSinceCAlthoughDWhile,6.从语法角度来解题,1)Hewasonlyfourteenandwasnotgoodatswimming_1_.Soheshouldnthavegoneintothatplace.1.A.afterallB.inallC.atallD.forall2)SoItriedhardwithmywritingandwenttocollege.Myfirstnovel45whileIwasatcollege.45.A.cameonB.cameinC.cameoutD.cameback,7.从词汇辨析和固定搭配方面来解题,8.利用词汇的复现解题,Howdoesatoothgobad?The51beginsinalittlecrackintheenamel(珐琅）coveringofthetooth.Thishappensaftergermsandbitsoffoodhavecollectedthere.Thenthedecayslowlyspreadsinsidethetooth.Intheend,poisongoesintoblood,andwemayfeelquiteill.51.A.destructionB.decayC.faultD.hurt,上文中讲蛀牙如何产生。空51和红体单词在意义上是一致的，属于同义词复现现象。,.Iraisedthepistolandfired.Theanimalfellbackwardswithanangrycry.Fathertookthe_38_smokingpistolfrommyhand,andfiredanothershot,whichkilledthegorilla.38.A.stillB.yetC.evenD.already,9.利用语气副词的情景解题,完形填空之实战训练,Aredreamsofanyusetothedreamerortoanybodyelse?Wemayrememberthetravelerwho_1_theshipWaratahatDurbanbecauseofhisterrible_2_.TheWaratahlaterdisappearedentirely,witheveryoneon_3_.Thetravelersdreamshelpedhimandsavedhimfrom_4_,buttheydidnthelptheotherpeople.Whywasthismantreated_5_fromeveryoneelse?,1.A.leftB.gotC.droveD.enter2.A.ideasB.suggestionsC.dreamsD.words3.A.boardB.shipC.seaD.deck4.A.lifeB.deathC.illnessD.disease5.A.similarlyB.differentlyC.strangelyD.unfortunately,left,board,death,differently,dreams,Anotherman_6_hadadreamabouttheBlackForestinGermany.Inhisdreamhewaswalkingintheforest_7_twomenranoutandtriedtothrowhimtothe_8_.Heranoffasfastashecould,buttheyfollowed.Hereachedaplace_9_hesawtwo_10_roadsinfrontofhim,onetotherightandtheothertotheleft.Whichroadoughtheto_11_?,6.A.aloneB.onceC.stillD.even7.A.whileB.asC.beforeD.when8.A.floorB.earthC.soilD.ground9.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.who10.A.sameB.separateC.dividedD.crossed11.A.takeB.bringC.carryD.go,句型,下文有暗示,宾语,separate,where,ground,when,once,take,Heheardthetwomen_12_him,gettingnearerandatthesametimeheheardavoiceinhisear.Ittoldhimtogotothe_13_,andhedidso.Heranonandsooncametoasmallhotel.Hewas_14_herekindlyandgivenaroom,andsohewas_15_fromthetwomen.Thatwasthedream.,12.A.nexttoB.infrontofC.besideD.behind13.A.houseB.hotelC.leftD.right14.A.acceptedB.receivedC.refusedD.closed15.A.killedB.murderedC.savedD.robbed,behind,right,下文有暗示,received,saved,16.A.exactlyB.reallyC.sincerelyD.actually17.A.happenedB.performedC.actedD.chose18.A.forgotB.rememberedC.missedD.noticed19.A.arrivedB.leftC.reachedD.got20.A.agoB.beforeC.laterD.after,Twentyyearslaterhewas_16_intheBlackForestandasit_17_inthedreamlongbefore,twomenranoutandtriedtothrowhimdown.Heranoff,andcametoaplacewithtworoadsasinthedream.He_18_thedreamandtooktheroadtotheright.Hesoon_19_asmallhotel,wastakenin,andsowassafe.Hisdreamoftwentyyears_20_hadSavedhislife.,really,happened,remembered,reached,before,第11题答案,第13题答案,2008年全国各地完形填空词性分布,高考英语完形填空考查热点,热点1语篇理解,热点2逻辑推理，归纳概括,热点3情景运用，常识应用,热点4上下文联系,热点5词语辨析,二、完形填空的解题技巧,1）根据上下文语境解题,5）根据生活常识及文化背景解题,4）根据词语固定搭配及辨析解题,2）根据句段间的逻辑推理关系解题,3)根据词汇的复现解题,1）上下文语境,把具体的语言知识溶进具体的语言情景中去，考查考生通过上下文的前后提示或暗示，对整体文意进行把握的能力。这种考查方式所占的比例较大，且难度也大，若单纯从句子或个别段落来分析，或许所给的四个答案在语法和结构上都是正确的，若放在全局，则不一定正确。因此，快速浏览全文，领悟文章主旨，通过上下文的语境来选择答案是解决这类题的关键。,例1：Iclimbedthestairsslowly,carryingabigsuitcase,myfatherfollowingwithtwomore.BythetimeIgottothethirdfloor,Iwas1andthesametimefeelinglonely.Worsestill,Dad2astepandfell,sendingmynewsuitcaserollingdownthestairs.（01全国）1.A.helplessB.lazyC.anxiousD.tired2.A.tookB.mindedC.missedD.picked,例2:ButEllaFant,whowasfilledwith1,shoutedatthetopofhervoice,Lookat2TheyrealloutofstepexceptmyJohn步调不一致Isnthethebest（04天津）1.A.sadnessB.happinessC.surpriseD.regret2.A.themB.herC.thatD.him,2）句际间的逻辑推理关系,完形填空中的任何一句话往往都不是孤立存在的，而是要靠上下问作依托，看前因后果才能确立的。它涉及到文章的起承转合、上下连贯。这类题主要考查考生对上下文逻辑关系的理解，如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、比较关系以及对比关系等。,例1：IthasbeenmanyyearssinceIwaslastinLondon,_Istillremembersomethingthathappenedduringthatvisit.A.andB.forC.butD.as,例2：Atransistorradio半导体收音机issometimesverysmall.Itisveryeasytocarry48,radiobroadcastsarebetterforblindpeople.48.A.BesidesB.HoweverC.YetD.Sometimes,例3andtheofficersthenbegantoeattheirmeal,sayingthatthemushroomshadaverystrange38quitepleasanttaste.38.A.besidesB.butC.andD.or,例4：Theyaresomeofthepoorestpeopleinapovertystrickencountry.53,nowtheyhaveanextrasourceofincome.53.A.ButB.AndC.HoweverD.Therefore,3)词汇的复现,“词汇的复现”是指某一词以原词、同义词或近义词、概括词以及其他形式重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义是使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成一个完整和有机的意义整体。大体上说，词汇的复现包括：原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现、概括词复现和注释性复现。,例1：Thestrangethingwasthatpracticallyallthestudentswenttoclass,andveryfewpeoplestayeduplateatnight.Onlythenewpeoplestayedupor_class.(NMET2000春）A.attendedB.tookC.missedD.studied,文章中or连接的是并列成分，所以空格中的内容应与上文wenttoclass构成相反的意义，该题属于反义词复现现象。,4)词语固定搭配及辨析,完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查主要体现在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两个方面。习惯用法是英语中某些固定的结构形态，不能随意变动。所以，考生应掌握习惯用法，用它来分析破解完形填空题或许可算得上是一件秘密武器。词义辨析题的比重有加大的趋势。要做好这类题目，非得有较大的词汇量、较强的词语搭配能力。,例1：Irealizedstrengthandcouragearentalways1inmedalsandvictories,butinthe2weovercome.克服(2004天津)1.A.measuredB.praisedC.testedD.increased2.A.sadnessB.struggles奋斗C.diseasesD.tiredness,例2:TheotherdayIwassittinginasmallrestauranthavingaquietdrinkandatalkwithafewfriendswhenitsuddenly1methatalmosteveryoneintherestaurantwassmoking.Itwasntlong2thewholeroomwasfilledwithsmoke.1.A.seemedB.struckC.sankD.showed2.