新概念二册第69课

,Lesson69Butnotmurder!,murder,mournful,suppose,v.假设,n.谋杀,adj.悲哀的,tap,examiner,instruct,n.主考人,v.轻敲,v.命令，指示,brake,pedal,react,n.刹车,n.踏板,v.反应,acquire,confidence,v.取得，获得,n.信心,Letsreviewthewords!,instruct1).v.指导，向下命令tell日常用语，运用广泛，语气不强order语气较强，有权威者用来指示别人服从instruct鞋底,mournfuladj.悲恸的,令人惋惜的,悲哀的Therewasamournfullookonherface.Hesaidinamournfulvoice.mournv.感到悲痛mournfor/oversb./sth.人民哀悼他们被杀害的领袖Thepeoplemournedfortheirslainleader.她为她独生子的死而哀痛Shemournedoverthedeathofheronlyson.mourner哀悼者,mournful形容词a.1.忧伤的;悲切的;凄惨的themournfulhowlingofthewind凄厉的风号声amournfulexpressiononherface她脸上忧伤的神情amournfulstory一个令人悲伤的故事2.悲观的,意气消沉的takeamournfulviewofhumanaffairs对世事抱悲观态度,react1).reacttosb./sth当地居民对这一消息表示愤怒Localresidentshavereactedangrilytothenews.我花了很长时间才反应过来Ittookmealongtimetoreact.Themarketreactedbyfallingafurthertwopoints.股市的反应是再下跌两个百分点2).化学反应reactant化学反应物nuclearreactor核反应堆,Butnotmurder,Iwasbeingtestedforadrivinglicenceforthethirdtime.Ihadbeenaskedtodriveinheavytrafficandhaddonesosuccessfully.Afterhavingbeeninstructedtodriveoutoftown,Ibegantoacquireconfidence.SurethatIhadpassed,Iwasalmostbeginningtoenjoymytest.Theexaminermusthavebeenpleasedwithmyperformance,forhesmiledandsaid,Justonemorething,Mr.Eames.Letussupposethatachildsuddenlycrossestheroadinfrontofyou.,AssoonasItaponthewindow,youmuststopwithinfivefeet.Icontinueddrivingandaftersometime,theexaminertappedloudly,Thoughthesoundcouldbeheardclearly,ittookmealongtimetoreact.Isuddenlypressedthebrakepedalandwewereboththrownforward.Theexaminerlookedatmesadly.Mr.Eames,hesaid,inamournfulvoice,youhavejustkilledthatchild!,Iwasbeingtestedforadrivinglicenceforthethirdtime.Ihadbeenaskedtodriveinheavytrafficandhaddonesosuccessfully.Afterhavingbeeninstructedtodriveoutoftown,Ibegantoacquireconfidence.SurethatIhadpassed,Iwasalmostbeginningtoenjoymytest./Theexaminermusthavebeenpleasedwithmyperformance,forhesmiledandsaid,Justonemorething,Mr.Eames.Letussupposethatachildsuddenlycrossestheroadinfrontofyou.AssoonasItaponthewindow,youmuststopwithinfivefeet./Icontinueddrivingandaftersometime,theexaminertappedloudly,Thoughthesoundcouldbeheardclearly,ittookmealongtimetoreact.Isuddenlypressedthebrakepedalandwewereboththrownforward.Theexaminerlookedatmesadly.Mr.Eames,hesaid,inamournfulvoice,youhavejustkilledthatchild!,Iwasbeingtestedforadrivinglicenceforthethirdtime.driverslicence驾照practicelicence营业执照licenceplate（美）车牌numberplate（英）车牌test1）v.测验，检查我最好是检查一下眼睛Idbetterhavemyeyestested.2）n.考试，试验，检查，Theiraffectionhasstoodthetestoftime.haveatestdrive试车testmatch国际锦标赛,Ihadbeenaskedtodriveinheavytrafficandhaddonesosuccessfully.heavyadj.大量的，多的，密集的heavytraffic交通流量很大，交通拥挤这条路的交通比另一边的拥挤。Trafficisheavieronthisroadthanontheotherone.trafficjam堵车trafficlights,trafficsignals红绿灯trafficcircle（AE）roundabout（BE）转盘道，环形路口heavyadj.Hehadaheavy,sullenface.阴沉的Hedumpedtheheavysuitcasesbythedoor.重的Ifeltsofullafterthatheavymeal.(因油腻而)难消化的,drive1)v.Canyoudrivemehome/tothestation?Thedeathofhersondrovehermad.Failuredrovehimtosuicide.2)n.路程，车程到车站只有几分钟车程。Itsonlyafewminutesdrivetothestation.,Afterhavingbeeninstructedtodriveoutoftown,Ibegantoacquireconfidence.SurethatIhadpassed,Iwasalmostbeginningtoenjoymytest.Theexaminermusthavebeenpleasedwithmyperformance,forhesmiledandsaid,musthavebeen表示对过去的事情的猜测bepleasedwith对满意他对我的进步很满意Hewaspleasedwithmyprogress.她似乎很满意他来了。Sheseemedverypleasedthathehadcomeperformancen.表现，表演，履行实行他在工作上表现出色Heisexcellentintheperformanceofhisduties.,Justonemorething,Mr.Eames.Letussupposethatachildsuddenlycrossestheroadinfrontofyou.AssoonasItaponthewindow,youmuststopwithinfivefeet.letussupposethat让我们假设让我们假设有一起森林火灾。Letussupposethatthereisaforestfire.Withinprep.不超过，在。之内她不到一小时就回来了Shereturnedwithinanhour.Wearenowwithinsightoftheshore.现在我们能看到海岸。,Icontinueddrivingandaftersometime,theexaminertappedloudly.Thoughthesoundcouldbeheardclearly,ittookmealongtimetoreact.我花了10分钟说服她一会儿回电话。Ittookme10minutestopersuadehertocallbacklater.Isuddenlypressedthebrakepedalandwewereboththrownforward.,Theexaminerlookedatmesadly.Mr.Eames,hesaid,inamournfulvoice,youhavejustkilledthatchild!inavoice以的声调inamournful/angry/sad/cheerfulvoice他用悲伤的声音告诉了他们那个消息。Hetoldthemthenewsinasad/excitedvoice.beingoodvoice嗓音好loseonesvoice嗓子哑了raiseonesvoice提高声调withonevoice异口同声givevoiceto说出意见Marywassilentduringtheearlypartofthediscussionbutthenfinallygavevoicetoheropinionsaboutthesubject.玛丽在讨论的初期阶段沉默不语，不过最后她发表了对该问题的看法。thevoiceofreason理性的呼声,每句赏析,Iwasbeingtestedforadrivinglicenseforthethirdtime.第三次接受测试。wasbeingtested,过去进行时，正在接受测验，被动的动作正在进行。Ihadbeenaskedtodriveinheavytrafficandhaddonesosuccessfully.heavytraffic，交通非常忙碌；sosuccessfully，作者对自己的表现很满意；即使在交通忙碌的路上驾车，“我”还是驾轻就熟，踌躇满志。Afterhavingbeeninstructedtodriveoutoftown,Ibegantoacquireconfidence.begintoacquireconfidence,开始有了信心,信心的增长有一个渐进的过程。,每句赏析,SurethatIhadpassed,Iwasalmostbeginningtoenjoymytest.Sure,省略结构，完整的形式应该是“Beingsure”,在文中作状语表示原因；almostbeginningtoenjoy,作者信心的再次提升，考试对他来说几乎成了一种消遣。Theexaminermusthavebeenpleasedwithmyperformance,forhesmiledandsaid,Justonemorething,Mr.Eames.musthave对当时情况的推测，很有把握；for从句点明作者作出推测的依据。Letussupposethatachildsuddenlycrossestheroadinfrontofyou.AssoonasItaponthewindow,youmuststopwithinfivefeet.考官设置一个情景。,Icontinueddrivingandaftersometime,theexaminertappedloudly.loudly,声音的强度很大。Thoughthesoundcouldbeheardclearly,ittookmealongtimetoreact.though引导让步状语从句，与主句的情况形成对照。作者可以很清楚地听到窗玻璃的声音，可是他似乎是忘乎所以，过了很久都没有反映过来。,每句赏析,Isuddenlypressedthebrakepedalhardandwewereboththrownforward.suddenly,表示作者突然间反应过来；hard,用力过猛；and之后的句子说明结果；wereboththrownforward,两人都被抛到前面。Theexaminerlookedatmesadly.sadly,考官大失所望。Mr.Eames,hesaid,inamournfulvoice,youhavejustkilledthatchild!inamournfulvoice,考官用一种很悲伤的声调说话，与前文的“sadly”相对应；虽然考官只是设想一种情境，不过看到作者的表现，还是很煞有其事地用悲伤的语气告诉他：孩子给轧死了。考官的一本正经，滑稽幽默跃然之上，让文章生色不少。,每句赏析,被动语态,语法学习,Iwasbeingtestedforadrivinglicenseforthethirdtime.,Ihadbeenaskedtodriveinheavytrafficandhaddonesosuccessfully.,Afterhavingbeeninstructedtodriveoutoftown,Ibegantoacquireconfidence.,Isuddenlypressedthebrakepedalhardandwewereboththrownforward.,Thoughthesoundcouldbeheardclearly,ittookmealongtimetoreact.,【Keystructures】被动语态的构成：.被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以do为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：amisaredone一般过去时：wasweredone一般将来时：willshallbedone现在进行时：amisarebeingdone过去进行时：waswerebeingdone现在完成时：havehasbeendone,2.被动语态的特殊结构形式1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。例Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.2)有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。例Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改为Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.,3）在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。例Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改为Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.1.Hemadetheboyworkfortwohoursyesterday.可改为Theboywasmadetoworkbyhimfortwohoursyesterday.2.MotherneverletsmewatchTV.改为IamneverlettowatchTVbymother.,4.在被动语态中还可以用介词+动名词结构。介词（after,before,on）+动名词这个结构通常相当于一个时间状语从句。如果两个动作中有一个在另一个开始之前已经完成，则可以用after+动名词的完成式表示第一个动作；如果只表示先后顺序，则可用after（或before）+动名词结构；on+动名词通常表示两个动作几乎同时发生。Afterhavingbeeninstructedtodriveoutofthetown,Ibegantoacquireconfidence.在接到把车开出城的指令后，我就开始有信心了。Themancalledthepoliceafterbeingrobbed.那人遭抢劫后给警方打了电话Hekilledachildbeforebeingarrested他在被捕前杀死了一个孩子On/Afterbeingtoldthathermotherwasseriously,shehurriedbacktoEngland.她得知母亲病重后连忙回到英国。被动语态用于介词+动名词结构一般不用于口语，比较正式。,被动语态可以用于“介词+动名词”结构中，在英语中是很正式的用法，一般不用于口语。,介词（after，before，on）+动名词”这个结构通常相当于一个时间状语从句。,如果两个动作中有一个在另一个开始之前已经完成，则可以用“after+动名词的完成式”表示第一个动作；如果只表示先后顺序，则可用“after/before+动名词”结构,“on+动名词”通常表示两个动作几乎同时发生,Themancalledthepoliceafterbeingrobbed.,Hekilledachildbeforebeingarrested.,On/Afterbeingtoldthathermotherwasseriouslyill,shehurriedbacktoEngland.,被动语态用于want后面的不定式中时，tobe可以省略，want后跟被动语态时往往表示希望别人完成所说的动作,Iwanttheluggagefetchedfromthehotelthisafternoon.,被动语态还可用于过去进行时，以强调动作的持续性,Iwasbeingaskedaboutthefilmalldayyesterday.,sted,1、Iwasbeingtestedforadrivinglicenceforthethirdtime.,adrivinglicence驾驶执照,wasbeingtasted过去进行时态被动语态，叙述故事，描述情境,for表目的for+次数,2、Ihadbeenaskedtodriveinheavytrafficandhaddonesosuccessfully.,heavyadj.大量的，多的，密集的Trafficisheavieronthisroadthanontheotherone.,3.Afterhavingbeeninstructedtodriveoutoftown,Ibegantoacquireconfidence.,afterhavingbeeninstructedtodriveoutoftown介词短语作时间状语，主从句主语一致时，可简化从句原句为：AfterIhadbeeninstructedtodriveoutoftown,SurethatIhadpassed,Iwasalmostbeginningtoenjoymytest.,此处省略了being，这个分词结构在句中作状语表原因,Ashewasmostworriedabouthischild,hedidntsleeplastnight.Worriedabouthischild,hedidntsleeplastnight.,5、Theexaminermusthavebeenpleasedwithmyperformance,forhesmiledandsaid,Justonemorething,Mr.Eames.Letussupposethatachildsuddenlycrossestheroadinfrontofyou.AssoonasItaponthewindow,youmuststopwithinfivefeet.,musthavebeen表示对过去的事情的猜测,performancen.表现，表演，工作情况,Specialdifficulties,PracticeandAdvicepracticen.（反复的）练习，实践，实行practisevt.&vi.练习，经常做Jimmyusedtopractise(playing)footballeveryafternoon.Shepractisesonthepianoforthreehourseveryday.Hestillneedsalotofpractice.Hepractisesthepianoeveryday.,Specialdifficulties,advicen.忠告,劝告,建议(不可数名词)Shegavemesomegoodadvice/apieceofadviceaboutjobs.advisevt.&vi.劝告，向提供提议Sheadvisedmeagainstgoingtotheparty.她建议/劝我不要去参加聚会Iwanttogiveyousomeadvice.Whatdoyouadvisemetodo?,Specialdifficulties,Enjoy,EntertainandAmuseenjoyvt.欣赏，喜爱，享受之乐（后跟名词、动名词，用于主动语态）Ienjoyswimminginsummer.Werereallyenjoyingourselves.entertainvt.款待，招待，请客；使快乐，给娱乐（=amuse）Weoftenentertainfriendsatweekends.,Specialdifficulties,UncleSamentertains/amusesthechildrenforhoursatatime.萨姆叔叔一连好几小时地逗孩子们乐。Mychildrencanentertain/amusethemselvesforhourswithtellingstoriestoeachother.amusevt.逗乐，逗笑（常用于被动语态）Shewasamusedbyherfathersfunnystories.Hisstoryamusedthechildrenverymuch.,Specialdifficulties,过去进行时wasalmostbeginning1过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作，常和表示过去时间的状语then，atthis（that）time，yesterday，atnine，lastnight等连用。但在不少情况下，没有表示时间的状语，这时需要通过上下文来表示。,Whatwereyoudoingatninelastnight？昨晚九点时，你在做什么？Icalledyouyesterdayafternoonbuttherewasnoanswer.昨天下午我打电话给你，但是没有人接电话。Iwasvisitingafriendofminemostoftheafternoon.我昨天下午大部分时间，都在一个朋友家里。,2当两个一长一短的动作在过去某时间同时发生时，用过去进行时表示较长的动作。过去进行时可用于主句，也可用于从句。ItwasraininghardwhenIleftmyoffice.当我离开办公室时，雨下得正大。Whenyoucalled，Iwaseating.你打电话时，我正在吃饭。,WhenIwascleaningthewindows，mybrotherwassweepingthefloor.（当）我在擦窗户的时候，我弟弟在拖地。Somestudentswereplayingfootball，whileotherswererunningroundthetrack.一些学生在踢足球，同时别的学生正在跑道上跑步。,Wewerewalkingalongtheriverwhen（suddenly）Itrained.我们沿着河边散步，突然下起雨来。TheywerewatchingTVwhenthelightswentout.停电时，他们刚好在看电视。（注意：同上例）,3过去进行时表示过去将来的动作现在进行时可以表示将来的动作，同样，过去进行时也可以表示从过去某时间看来将要发生的动作。常用在间接引语中。ShewenttoseeXiaoLi.Hewasleavingearlythenextmorning.她去看小李。他第二天一早就要离开此地了。Sheaskedhimwhetherhewascomingbacktolunch.她问他晚饭是否准备回来吃。,Iforadrivinglicenseforthethirdtime.,Itodriveinheavytrafficandhaddonesosuccessfully.,重点整理,for表目的,for+次数,动名词与现在分词做定语的区别：动名词做定语说明所修饰名词的用途；现在分词做定语，表示所修饰名词进行的动作。awalkingstick拐杖（动名词，astickforwalking）asleepingcar卧铺车厢（动名词，acarforsleeping）therisingsun正在升起的太阳（现在分词）thechangingworld变化中的世界（现在分词）,light,wasbeingtested,hadbeenasked,todriveoutoftown,Ibegantoacquireconfidence.,SurethatIhadpassed,Iwasalmostbeginningtoenjoymytest.,现在完成时的被动形式；Havingbeen+过去分词AfterIhadbeeninstructedtodriveoutoftown,Ibegantoacquireconfidence.介词短语作时间状语，主从句的主语一致时，可简化从句。,在句首中省略了being,这个分词结构在句中是状语，表原因。,-Worriedabouthischild,hedidntsleeplastnight.-Ashewasworriedabouthischild,hedidntsleeplastnight.,重点整理,Afterhavingbeeninstructed,Theexaminermusthavebeenpleasedwithmyperformance,forhesmiledandsaid.Justonemorething,Mr.Eames.Letussupposethatachildsuddenlycrossestheroadinfrontofyou.AssoonasItaponthewindow,youmuststopwithinfivefeet.,musthavebeen表示对过去事情的猜测,pleased是个形容词，常用词组是bepleasedwith,suppose(supposing):常用于一个句子或从句前，意思是whatwouldhappenif,用来假设一个条件或某种情况。动词要用一般现在时或一般过去时。如果用过去时，所假设的情况可能性会很小。Supposingwemissthetrainwhatwillwedothen?Wedlovetoattendtheparty,supposing(if)wedonthavetoworklatethatday.,重点整理,2)bepleasedwith对.满意besatisfiedwithbecontentwithe.g.Mybossispleased（satisfiedcontent）withmyworkperformance老板对我的工作表现很满意3.performancen.表现，表演，工作情况Performvt.执行；完成；演奏vi.执行，机器运转；表演performanoperation动手术；做手术performon表演；上演；演奏opportunitytoperform实践的机会；表现机会performmaintenance修理performacontract执行合同,Isuddenlypressedthebrakepedalhardandwe,Theexaminerlookedatmesadly.Mr.Eames,hesaid,inamournfulvoice,youhavejustkilledthatchild!,inavoice以.的声调shetoldusthenewsinalowvoice.,havejustkilled用的是现在完成时，是想强调结果。,重点整理,Icontinueddrivingandaftersometime,theexaminertappedloudly.,Thoughthesoundcouldclearly,ittookmealongtimetoreact.,beheard,wereboththrownforward.,语法学习,做状语的形容词结构示例1：IwassurethatIhadpassed.Iwasalmostbeginningtoenjoymytest.我们把这两句话合并成一个句子：SurethatIhadpassed,Iwasalmostbeginningtoenjoymytest.所以，我们看得很清楚：两个句子的主语（1）都是一致的，所以，可以进行简化处理。示例2：Iwaspleasedwithmysonswords.Igavehim100yuan.合并：Pleasedwithmysonswords,Igavehim100yuan.,我们再回顾一下ing结构和过去分词结构：示例3：Itriedtoavoidmeetinghim.Isetout10minutesearlierthanusual.合并：Tryingtoavoidmeetinghim,Isetout10minutesearlierthanusual.示例4：Hehadeatentheapple.Heaskedforanotherone.合并：Havingeatentheapple,heaskedforanotherone.示例5：Theratwaskilledbyalittleboy.Itwasburiedinahole.合并：Killedbyalittleboy,theratwasburiedinahole.,将下列句子变成被动语态：,TheymadethepianoinGermanyin1681.Itoldyouhecoulddoit.Icantfindmybag.Hemusthavestolenit.Thepolicewerequestioningtheman.Heneverexpectedtheyfoundthebicycle.Ifoundhehadsenttheparcletothewrongplace.,在本课里，作者参加驾照考试，在几乎就要通过考试的最后关头，却由于紧张，而没能及时踩到刹车。，考试结果可想而知。为了保证司机和行人的安全，对生活中开车的朋友，我们应给出正确的建议。,Yieldtovehiclesthathavetherightofway.礼让有先行权的车子Dontcutinfrontofothervehicles.不超车Drivewithinthespeedlimit.行车不超速Obeyallroadsignsandpoliceofficers.遵守所有路标和交警的指挥Pullovertothesideoftheroadwhenyouhearasiren.听到警笛声时，立即靠边停车Stopcompleteatredl