新概念第一册第143,144课文讲解

Lesson143,Awalkthroughthewoods,Newwordsandexpressions,1surroundsraundv.包围2woodwudn.树林3beautyspot风景点4hundredhndridn.百5citysitin.城市6throughru:prep.穿过7visitorvizitn.参观者，游客，来访者8tidytaidia.整齐的9litterlitn.杂乱的东西10litterbasket废物筐,11placepleisv.放12throwruv.扔，抛13rubbishrbin.垃圾14countkauntv.数，点15coverkvv.覆盖16piecepi:sn.碎片17tyretain.轮胎18rustyrstia.生锈的19amongmprep.在之间20prosecuteprsikju:tv.依法处置,Theusageofthenewwords,1surroundsraundv.包围surroundingadj.周围的，附近的eg：thesurroundingcountry近郊surroundingsn.(复数)环境，周围的事物2.woodwudn.树林woodwoodsforestn.（复数）树林，森林（通常比forest小）例：Shegotlostinthewoods.她在森林中迷路了。n.（不可数）木材，木料例：Thishouseismadeofwood.这栋房子是木制的。,3beautyspot风景点abeautyspot;(Am.)abeautymark美人痣4hundredhndridn.百fourhundredhundredsof数以百计的，几百的thousand,million,billion,5throughru:prep.穿过though/through;across/cross6.visitorvizitn.参观者，游客，来访者visitv.浏览，参观7.tidytaidia.整齐的untidy,8.placepleisv.放placen.地方takeplace发生，taketheplaceof代替9.throwruthrew,thrownv.扔，抛throwaway抛弃，丢弃，丢掉throwat砸过去throwto丢过去,10.rubbishrbin.垃圾garbage;trash;litter;11.countkauntv.数，点countable,uncountable,12.coverkvv.覆盖discover,appear,disappear13.piecepi:sn.碎片apieceof，14.amongmprep.在之间(三者，三者以上）between（两者）之间,Lesson143Awalkthroughthewoods,1Iliveinaveryoldtownwhichissurroundedbybeautifulwoods.whichissurroundedbybeautifulwoods为定语从句修饰townwhich指代town从句用的是被动语态，“被所包围”。,2.Itisafamousbeautyspot.befamous(known)as/for3OnSundays,hundredsofpeoplecomefromthecitytoseeourtownandtowalkthroughthewoods.简单句，toseeourtownandtowalkthroughthewoods为不定式短语充当目的状语，fromthecity作定语修饰hundredsofpeople。,4Visitorshavebeenaskedtokeepthewoodscleanandtidy.（1）被动语态的现在完成时tokeepthewoodscleanandtidy为不定式短语充当ask的宾语补足语。（2）keepthewoodscleanandtidy也是复合结构，充当宾语补足语的是形容词短语cleanandtidy。拓展：keep在此处的用法：动词+宾语+补语。另外，可以用于该结构的供词一般还有make，get，keep，find，wash等，宾语补足语一般是形容词。,5.Litterbasketshavebeenplacedunderthetree被动语态的现在完成时6WhatIsawmademeverysad.（1）句中的主语WhatIsaw是what引导的名词性从句。（2）made这里的意思是：使存在；使发生。（3）verysad.做宾语补足语。,5Amongtherubbish,Ifoundasignwhichsaid,Anyonewholeaveslitterinthesewoodswillbeprosecuted!（1）如果是牌子上,报纸上说什么，就如课文中那样可以用say（2）“Anyonewholeaveslitterinthesewoodswillbeprosecuted！”是主从复合句，who引导的定语从句，修饰anyone。anyonewho任何的人。例：anyonewhocomestothepartyiswelcome.该晚会来者不拒。(3)willbeprosecuted:被动语态的一般将来时,Keystructures,1.Ilivedinaveryoldtownwhichissurroundedbybeautifulwoods.2.OnSundays,hundredsofpeoplecomefromthecitytoseeourtownandtowalkthroughthewoods.3.Visitorshavebeenaskedtokeepthewoodscleanandtidy.4.WhatIsawmademeverysad.5.Ifoundasignwhichsaid,anyonewholeaveslitterinthesewoodswillbeprosecuted!,被动语态（2）上一次介绍了被动语态的一般现在时和一般过去时形式，这里介绍其现在完成时和一般将来时形式：（1）现在完成时形式：has/have+been+过去分词：Thebaskethasalreadybeenemptied.篮子已经被腾空了。Theyhavealreadybeeninvited.他们已被邀请。（2）一般将来时形式：will/shall+be+过去分词：Thefloorwillbesweptsoon.地不久就会扫的。Thekniveswillbesharpenedsoon.刀不久就会磨的。,Writtenexercises,B模仿例句回答一下问题Hasntanyoneopenedthewindowyet?Someonehasopenedit.Ithasalreadybeenopened.Hasntanyoneopenedthewindowsyet?Someonehasopenedthem.Theyhavealreadybeenopened.,C.模仿例句回答一下问题H