新视野大学英语第三版第三册 unit 5 Section A

FOREIGHLANGUAGETEACHINGANDRESEARCHPRESSAIRFORCEENGINEERINGUNIVERTISY,Willyoubeaworkeroralaborer?,FOREIGNLANGUAGETEACHINGANDRESEARCHPRESSAIRFORCEENGINEERINGUNIVERSITY,Donothireamanwhodoesyourworkformoney,buthimwhodoesitforloveofit.HenryDavidThoreau(Americanphilosopher),ThemoreIwanttogetsomethingdone,thelessIcallitwork.RichardBach(Americanwriter),Whenworkisapleasure,SectionA,3,Willyoubeaworkeroralaborer?,Objectives,Whenworkisapleasure,Willyoubeaworkeroralaborer?,A,SECTION,A,SECTION,1.Whatdoyoupayspecialattentiontowhenlookingforinajob?,HighsalaryandattractivebenefitsBrightfutureofcareergrowthLessworkpressureFlexibleworkingtimeAchievementofself-realization,2.Whatdoesworkmeantoyou?,JustmeansoflivingMeasuredintermsofsocialstatusRealizationofonesdreamSelf-improvement,1.Readthetypicaljobcharacteristicsbelowandwritedownthenumberthatrepresentsyouropinion.,1.Thechanceofadvancingtoahigherposition.2.Howmuchthejobpays.3.Howmuchresponsibilitythejobinvolves.4.Thestresslevelofthejob.5.Thelocationoftheofficebuilding.,1=disagreecompletely2=agreealittle3=agreetosomeextent4=mostlyagree5=agreecompletely,1.Readthetypicaljobcharacteristicsbelowandwritedownthenumberthatrepresentsyouropinion.,6.Theworkconditions.7.Whetherthejobrequiresunusualworkhours.8.Theamountoftravelrequired.9.Whetherthejobfitsmypersonality.10.Whetherpeopleconsiderthejobprestigious.,1=disagreecompletely2=agreealittle3=agreetosomeextent4=mostlyagree5=agreecompletely,2.Workinpairsandcompareyouranswers.Discussthefollowingquestionswithyourpartner.,3.Whatarethethreemostimportantfactorswhenyouchooseajob?,Therearemanythingstoconsiderwhenpeoplearechoosingacareer.Butforme,thefollowingthreefactorsaffectmychoicemost.First,thejobmustfitmypersonality.Ibelievethatcertainoccupationsaremoresuitableforparticularpersonalitytypesthanothers.Ifthejobreallyfitsmypersonality,Iwillbemorelikelytobesuccessfulandwillenjoygoingtowork.Second,howmuchthejobpays.,Tobecontinued,ItisunderstandablethatifIwanttoliveanadequatelife,Ineedtomakeenoughmoneytosupportthatstandardofliving.Finally,thelocationoftheofficebuildingisalsoanimportantfactorinchoosingacareerforme.Idontlikeajobthatislocatedfarawayfrommyhome,becauseitrequiresextracommutetimeandwillsurelyreducethequalitytimeIcouldotherwisehavespentwithmyfamily.,3.Whatarethethreemostimportantfactorswhenyouchooseajob?,roots,moral,attentiontodetails,TothesePuritans,itwasasintobelazyortodolessthanyourbestinanytask.TheyandlaterAmericanstriedtofollowtheBibles_.“Ifamanwillnotwork,heshallnoteat.”Therefore,Americanshavefor_believedthattheywereguiltyofsiniftheydidnotworkascarefullyandhardastheycouldwhentheydidanything.,teachings,centuries,ListentoashortpassageconcerningAmericansWorkEthicandfillinthemissinginformation.,Tobecontinued,Godwould_thosewhowerecarelessorlazyintheirwork.Evenaschildrentheyweretaught,“Ifitsworthdoingatall,itsworthdoingwell.”Butsomepeoplehavegonebeyondtheusual_.Theyareespeciallyattractedtothenotionof“climbingtheladder”soastoincreasetheirstatus,_,andsenseofself-worth.,financialposition,punish,senseofdiligence,ListentoashortpassageconcerningAmericansWorkEthicandfillinthemissinginformation.,Tobecontinued,InEnglishanewworldhasbeencreatedtodescribepeoplewhoworkcompulsively.Theword“workaholic”describesanindividualwhoisas_asanalcoholicistoalcohol.Thereare_pointsofviewaboutworkaholics.Thoseconcernedwithproblemsofmentalstressbelieveworkaholics_themselvesphysicallyandmentally.,addictedtowork,conflicting,abuse,ListentoashortpassageconcerningAmericansWorkEthicandfillinthemissinginformation.,Tobecontinued,Othersholdthatworkaholicsarevaluablemembersofsocietybecausetheyare_.TheAmericanculturevaluesachievement,efficiency,andproduction,andaworkaholic_thesevalues.,upholds,extremelyproductive,ListentoashortpassageconcerningAmericansWorkEthicandfillinthemissinginformation.,CulturalBackground,Questionspreviewing,1.Whatis“continuingeducation”?,Continuingeducationreferstotheeducationforadults,usuallyinclassesthatareheldintheeveningandespeciallyonsubjectsthatarerelatedtotheirjobs.,CulturalBackground,Experientiallearningistheprocessofmakingmeaningfromdirectexperience.Itislearningthroughreflectionondoing,whichisoftencontrastedwithrotelearning(死记硬背).Experientiallearningfocusesonthelearningprocessfortheindividual.,2.Whatis“experientiallearning”?,Tobecontinued,CulturalBackground,Anexampleofexperientiallearningisgoingtothezooandlearningthroughobservationandinteractionwiththezooenvironment,asopposedtoreadingaboutanimalsfromabook.Thus,onemakesdiscoveriesandexperimentswithknowledgefirsthand,insteadofhearingorreadingaboutothersexperiences.,CulturalBackground,2.Whatis“experientiallearning”?,Willyoubeaworkeroralaborer?,A,SECTION,Accordingtothewriter,howcanapersonbetrulyhappy?(Para.1),freeandimportant,feelcompelled,value,importance,Howislabordifferentfromplay?(Para.2),laborers,adverse,play,privatepastime,societalexpectations,support,Betweenlaborandplaystands_.(Para.3),work,gardener,citymayor,worker,laborer,Whydoestheauthormakeacomparisonbetweenagardenerandawell-dressedcitymayor?(Para.3),natureofthejob,interest,PartI:(Paras.13),Theintroductionpart,includesthefirstthreeparagraphs,providingaframeworktodifferentiateamongwork,labor,andplay.,Introduction,Section3(Paras.68):Inmoderntimes,workersandlaborersspendtheir_indifferentways.,Section2(Para.5):Workersandlaborersdifferintheamountof_theyderivefromtheirjobs.,Section1(Para.4):Workersandlaborersaredifferentintheir_towardtheirwork.,attitude,satisfaction,Body,leisuretime,PartII:(Paras.48),Toworkers:leisuremeanssimplythehourstheyneedto_inordertoworkefficiently.,Tolaborers:leisuremeans_fromcompulsion.,pronetodedicatemoretimetoworking,imaginethatthemorehourstheyhavefreeforplay,thebetter,relaxand,rest,freedom,behappierlessstressedmoresatisfiedworkwithmorediligenceandprecisionasenseofpersonalpride,dailygrindwastingthetimenocontributiontotheirhappinessmeaningfultime:spentinleisureandplay,Unfortunately,laborersarealltoocommonplace,andonlyasmallpercentageofthepopulationisintheluckypositionofbeingworkers.,Workers:,Laborers:,(Para.8)Workers,unlikelaborers,hurltheir_intotheirwork,beitphysicalormental.,(Para.7)_canmakethedifferencebetweenbeingbored,unhappylaborersandworkerswhofindmeaningandjoyintheiremploymentandlife.,(Para.6)Whilesocialdevelopmenthascreatedmuchmoreleisuretimethaneverbefore,modernlaborersspendtheirleisuretimein_.,Inmoderntimes,workersandlaborersspendtheirleisuretimeindifferentways.(Paras.68),fosteringbadhabits,Lifelonglearning,passion,PartIII(Para.9),Theconclusionpartsummarizesthateveryonehastofindajobandearnaliving,andthatwhateverjobyouchoose,youmustcontendwiththisessentialquestion:Willyoubealaboreroraworker?,Conclusion,Everyonehastofindajobandearnaliving.(Para.9),Whateverjobyouchoose,youmustcontendwiththisessentialquestion:Willyoubealaboreroraworker?,Introduction(Paras.13):Whatarework,labor,andplay?,Tobetrulyhappy,apersonmustfeelbothfreeandimportant.(Para.1),Laboristhepolaroppositeofplay.(Para.2),Betweenlaborandplaystandswork.(Para.3),Body(Paras.48):Workersandlaborersaredifferentinmanyaspects.,Peoplesattitudetowardtheirworkdetermineseverything.(Para.4),Peopledifferinpersonalsatisfactiontheyderivefromtheirjobs.(Para.5),Inmoderntimes,workersandlaborersspendtheirleisuretimeindifferentways.(Paras.6-8),Thereismoreleisuretimetodaythaneverbeforeandlaborersfostermanybadhabits.(Para.6),Actually,therearemanyopportunitiestoimprovepeoplesmindsandtheirworkingconditions.(Para.7),Peoplewhoenjoytheirworkfindtimepassesquickly.(Para.8),Inmoderntimes,workersandlaborersspendtheirleisuretimeindifferentways.(Paras.6-8),Conclusion(Para.9):Whateverjobyouchoose,youmustcontendwiththisessentialquestion:Willyoubealaboreroraworker?,Thetextargues,bydifferentiatingamongwork,labor,andplay,thatinterestand_inworkareimportantforthebenefitofboth_andsociety.Therearethreemajordifferencesbetweenworkersandlaborers.Firstly,workersandlaborersaredifferentintheir_towardtheirwork.Workerswilldedicatemoretimeto_andspendlesstimeonleisure,enjoyment,individuals,attitude,working,Willyoubeaworkeroralaborer?,Tobecontinued,whereaslaborerswillregardleisureas_fromcompulsionandthemorehourstheyhavefreeforplay,thebetter.Secondly,workersandlaborersdifferintheamountof_theyderivefromtheirjobs.Workerswillachievegreater_thanlaborers.Thirdly,inmoderntimes,workersandlaborersspendtheir_indifferentways.,Tobecontinued,autonomy,satisfaction,happiness,leisuretime,Whilesocialdevelopmenthascreatedmuchmoreleisuretimethaneverbefore,modernlaborersspendtheirleisuretimeinfostering_.Consideringthisphenomenon,_canmakethedifferencebetweenbeingbored,unhappylaborersandworkerswhofindmeaningandjoyintheir_andlife.,badhabits,lifelonglearning,employment,Tobecontinued,Moreover,workers,unlikelaborers,hurltheir_intotheirwork,beitphysicalormental.Everyonehastofindajoband_,andthatwhateverjobyouchoose,youmust_thisessentialquestion:Willyoubealaboreroraworker?,earnaliving,contendwith,passion,略举几例,(tonameonly/butafew),Theinternationalcommunityisalsoofferingassistance,includingtheUnitedStates,FranceandChina,tonameonlyafew.,nameonly/butafew,短语逆译,国际社会也在提供援助，略举几例，如美国、法国和中国。,意群提示,短语应用,专注于做某事,(sinkonesteethintosth),PlayingthepartofQueenVictoriaisthekindofrolethatismadeforyou,thekindofroleyoucansinkyourteethinto.,sinkonesteethintosth.,短语应用,维多利亚女王这个角色，就是为你而设，是一个你能倾情投入的角色。,意群提示,短语逆译,拼命干；苦干,(slaveaway/notationsigns/old-fashioned),Afterslavingawayatthecomputerkeyboard,youthenstillhavetowritenotationsignsbyhand,theold-fashionedway.,slaveaway,辛辛苦苦用电脑键盘输入后，你还得按老办法手工写上注释符号。,意群提示,短语逆译,短语应用,倒数；倒计时,AgiantelectronicdisplayiscountingdownthedaystothestartofthePan-AmericanGameshere.,countdown,一块巨大的电子显示屏对即将在此举行的泛美运动会进行倒计时。,意群提示,(countdown/Pan-AmericanGames),短语逆译,短语应用,手头的；需要马上处理的,(athand/mostlikely),Iftheywouldtakeafewsecondstounderstandtheproblemathand,theywouldmostlikelyfindaneasyanswerandwithoutneedingacalculator.,athand,如果他们花上一点时间去弄懂手头的题目，则极有可能不需要计算器就能找到一个简单的答案。,意群提示,短语逆译,短语应用,必须处理；不得不应付,(contendwith/financialyear),EuroDisneyhadtocontendwithmanydifficultieswhenitsfirstfinancialyearcametoanend.,当第一个财年结束时，欧洲迪斯尼乐园不得不去应对很多的困难。,意群提示,contendwithsth.,短语逆译,短语应用,社会上看来一定是苦工的事情对个人来说却是自在的玩乐活动。,原句译文,逆译练习,Whatisnecessarylaborfromthepointofviewofsocietyisvoluntaryplayfromtheindividualspersonalpointofview.(Para.3),句型提炼,Whatissth.fromthepointofviewofAissth.elsefromtheBspointofview.,句型提炼,应用提示,用于表达“不同的人对待同一件事有不同的看法”。,句型应用,(elderlypeople/weirddressing),典型例句,在老年人看来是怪异的打扮对年轻人来说却是时尚。,意群提示,Whatisweirddressingfromthepointofviewofelderlypeopleisfashionfromthepointofviewofyoungpeople.,无论是铁匠的体力活，还是像科学家或艺术家从事的偏脑力的活，他们在工作中都会投入激情。,原句译文,逆译练习,Theyhurltheirpassionintotheirwork,beitphysicalliketheworkofasmith,ormorementallikethatofascientistoranartist.(Para.8),句型提炼,Sb.hurlthepassionintosth.ordoingsth.,beitlike/suchas,orlike/suchas,句型提炼,应用提示,用于举例说明“某人执着地做某事”。,句型应用,(donatemoney/oilspills),典型例句,公众为我们的事业捐款，为灾难受害者捐款，无论是地震之类的自然灾难，还是石油泄漏之类人为之灾。,意群提示,Thepublichurltheirpassionintodonatingmoneytoourcauseandforthevictimsofdisasters,beitnatural,suchasearthquakes,orman-made,suchasoilspills.,但是当劳役者倒数着时间之时，工作者则干劲十足，全神贯注，从手头的任务中享受到最大的快乐。,原句译文,逆译练习,Butwhilelaborersarecountingdownthehours,workersareenergizedandfocused,takingoptimumpleasureinthetaskathand.(Para.9),句型提炼,ButwhileA.isdoingsth.,Bisdoingsth.else.,句型提炼,应用提示,用于对比“不同人不同的做事风格”。,句型应用,(quitter/struggler/dawdleawayonestime),典型例句,但是当懒人在虚度光阴的时候，奋斗者则目标坚定、信心十足，在努力工作中品尝到成功的喜悦。,意群提示,Butwhilequittersaredawdlingawaytheirtime,strugglersaredeterminedandconfident,tastingthejoyofsuccessintheirhardworking.,1.Howdoestechnologychangepeoplesworkandlife?,2.Howcanapersonfosterloveforhiswork?,3.Willyoubeaworkeroralaborer?Why?,Tips,Tips,Tips,Newtechnologyclearlyenablesustoworkfasterandmoreefficiently,anditfacilitatesflexibleandremoteworking(fittinginwithchildcareoravoidingadistastefulcommute),butitcanalsomeanthatwecannoteverreallygetawayfromourjobsandtuneout.Technologymaymakeusmoreresponsive,morecapableofgainingaccesstoinformationoverabroaderspectrum.Technologyisbasically,Howdoestechnologychangepeoplesworkandlife?,tobecontinued,Withnewtechnology,weareworkingharderandaremoreenslavedtoourworkthanbefore.Wearewalkingaroundwithlaptopsorwithportablephones.Werebecomingslavestohightechnology.Theresnoescape.,Howdoestechnologychangepeoplesworkandlife?,Startwithapositiveandrightattitude,fortherightattitudetowardworkmakesitmucheasiertoacceptanddoit.Putinterestintowork.Onceyouhavetheenthusiasm,itbecomeseasytostartthings.,Howcanapersonfosterloveforhiswork?,tobecontinued,Createfavorablesurroundingswhendoingthework.Alwaysreflectonwhatyouhaveachieved,whichwillgiveyouasenseofprideandfulfillment.,Howcanapersonfosterloveforhiswork?,Iwillbeaworker,foraworkerissomeonewhohasaninterestinandastrongloveforhiswork,whoismorededicatedtoandmoresatisfiedwithhisworkthanalaborerwouldbe.,Willyoubeaworkeroralaborer?Why?,IthinkitspossiblethatIwillchoosetobealaborersomeday.Itsneverthecasethatwedoanythingcompletelyinaccordancewithourowninterest.Wehavetomeettheexpectationsoftheonesweloveandwehavetobethebreadwinnerforourfamily.Anyway,weshouldntignoretheneedsandopinionsofourfamilymemberswhenweareplanningourcareers.,Willyoubeaworkeroralaborer?Why?,Respectforauthorityorequality(responsestodecision-making)Interpersonalharmonyorcompetition(facingdivergences)Peopleorientationorproblemorientation(waysofdealingwithproblems)Self-deprecatingorself-presentational(patternsofexpressingviewpoints)Beingcautiousoradventurous(stylesofmakingplans),MakeacomparisonandcontrastbetweenChineseandAmericanvaluesinvolvedindailyworkplace.,WatchthetwovideoclipsofModernFamilyanddiscussthefollowingquestions.,Q1:DoyouthinkAndyaqualifiedmanny?Q2:Whatdoyouthinkpeoplewillchoose:alow-paidjobonelikes,oraboringwell-paidjob?,Watchingthecontrastshowshowtheydiffer.Thefollowingstepsprovideaguideforasuccessfulessay.,tobecontinued,Developacomparison/contrastessay,1Besurethesubjectsaresimilar.Yoursubjectsmustbelongtothesamegeneralgroup(cars,forexample)foralogicalcomparison.,2Presentaclearthesisstatement.Thethesisstatementshouldnamesubjectsbeingcomparedandcontrasted,indicatewhethertheessayisfocusingonsimilarities(compare),differences(contrast)orboth,andstatethemainpointsofcomparisonorcontrast.,tobecontinued,3Selectthepointstobediscussed.Decidewhichaspectstocompareand/orcontrast.4Selecttheorganizationalpattern.Therearetwobasicpatterns:subjectbysubjectandpointbypoint.Supposeyouarecomparingtworestaurantsforprice,food,andatmosphere.,tobecontinued,tobecontinued,5Usecleartransitions.Transitionsmakeitcleartothereaderwhichofthepointsarebeingcomparedandcontrasted.6Drawaconclusion.Afteryouhavemadeyourcomparisons,makeastatementofyourconclusionsaboutthecomparisonand/orcontrast.,HavealookatParagraphs4and5toseehowcontrastismadebetweenaworkerandalaborer:,Generalstatement(Para.5):Workersandlaborersdifferintheamountofpersonalsatisfactiontheyderivefromtheirjobs.,Workerswhoenjoytheirjobswillbehappier,lessstressed,andgenerallymoresatisfiedwiththeirlives.Theywillalsoworkwithmorediligenceandprecisionbecausetheyhavefosteredasenseofpersonalprideintheirjobs.,Laborers,whosesoleincentiveisearningtheirlivelihood,feelthatthetimetheyspendonthedailygrindiswastedanddoesntcontributetotheirhappiness.Insteadofvaluingall24hoursoftheirdayasenjoyableandproductivehours,theygaugeonlythetimespentinleisureandplayasmeaningful.,Readthesampleessayandseehowitdevelopsinthepatternofpoint-by-pointcomparison.,Topic:VacationingatabeachorinacityIntroduction:Thesisstatement:Therearedifferencesbetweenvacationatabeachandinacity.,Body:Point1:Thefirstmajordifferenceisthekindofactivitiesyouareabletodo.onabeachinacityPoint2:Anotherdifferenceistheclothingandequipmentyouneedtotakewithyou.onabeachinacityPoint3:Thefinaldifferenceisthepaceoflife.onabeachinacity,Conclusion:Hereyouhavethesedifferencestoconsiderwhendecidingwheretogoonvacation.,Itisafactthatnotallpeoplehavetheopportunitytogoonvacation.Theoneswhohavetheopportunityliketogooutoftownonceinawhileinordertoleavetheirworriesbehind.Whenwegoonvacation,wehavetodecidethebestplacetogoaccordingtowhatwehaveinmind.Thepurposeofthisessayistocontrastthedifferencesbetweenvacationatabeachandinacity.Wewilllookatthekindofactivities,theclothingrequiredandthepaceoflifeavailablewhilevacationingonabeachorinacity.,tobecontinued,Sampleessay,tobecontinued,Thefirstmajordifferencebetweenvacationingonabeachandinacityisthekindofactivitiesyouareabletodo.Onabeach,forexample,youcangosailing,fishing,surfing,skiing,ortakeadvantageofthesunandlieinthesandtogetatan,oreveninsomecasesfeedsharksandswimwithdolphins.Ontheotherhand,inacityyoucanvisitdifferentsitessuchasmuseums,theaters,importantbuildings,orgodowntown.Thismeansthatyouhavemanyplacestoknowandyouwillneedmuchmoretimeandorganizationinacitythanonabeach.,tobecontinued,Anotherdifferencebetweenvacationingonabeachandinacityistheclothingandequipmentyouneedtotakewithyou.Ifyoudecidetogotothebeach,youwillhavetotakemainlyabathingsuit,shorts,short-sleeveshirts,sandals,sunglasses,andsunblock.Consideringthatyouaregoingtothecitywhereyouwillhavetowalkalot,youwillneedcomfortableandcasualclothingsuchasjeansandtennisshoes.Youwillalsohavetotakefancyclothesincaseyouwanttogo,forexample,towatchaplayortoaconcert.,tobecontinued,Thefinaldifferencebetweenvacationingonabeachandinacityisthepaceoflife.Ifyouwantarelaxingplan,youroptionwillbethebeach.Whenyouareonthebeachyoujustletthingshappenwhileinthecityyouwillhavetoscheduleallyouractivitiesinordertohavetimetovisitthedifferentsitesyouwantto.,Inconclusion,hereyouhavethesedifferencestoconsiderwhendecidingwheretogoonvacation.Althoughbothplacesareinterestingandexciting,italldependsonwhatyouarelookingfor.Keepinmindthatwhereveryoudecidetogoyouwillenjoyit.,Writingpractice,Directions:Writeanessayofnolessthan200wordsononeofthefollowingtopics