新视野大学英语第三册第六单元课文讲解

Unit6,Howtoprepareforearthquakes,Ideally,peoplewouldliketoknowwhenanearthquakeisgoingtohappenandhowbaditwillbe.InbothJapanandChina,peoplehavelongbelievedthatearthquakescanbeforecast.InJapan,scientistshavewiredtheEarthandseatodetectmovements.TheChinesehavetraditionallywatchedanimalsandplantsforwarningsignsofearthquakes.Forexample,theChinesehavenotedthatbeforeanearthquake,hensbehaviorchangestheyrefusetoentertheircagesatnight.Theyhavealsonoticedthatsnakescomeoutofthegroundtofreezetodeathandthatdogsbarkalot,even,Paragraph1,normallyquietdogs.,BeforetheHanshinearthquakeinJapan,therewerereportsoflargeschoolsoffishswimmingnearthesurfaceofthewater.Certainbirds,likepigeons,alsoseemedtobeespeciallynoisyandwerereportedtobeflyinginunusualpatternsbeforetheearthquake.Perhapsmostinteresting,andmosteasilymeasured,isachemicalchangeingroundwaterbeforeaquake.Experimentaldataseemtoindicatethattheamountofradon(Rn)inthewaterunderthesurfaceoftheEarthwaxesbeforeanearthquake.,译文,句型,Paragraph2,Peoplewouldalsoliketobeabletopreventthegreatdestructionofpropertycausedbyearthquakes.Afterall,mostofthepeoplewhodieinearthquakesarekilledbyfallingbuildings.Therefore,buildingstructuresthatcanwithstandthepowerofearthquakesisamajorconcern.Steelseemstobethebestmaterial,butnotifitisweldedtoformarigidstructure.Manynewstructuresarebuiltwithanewtypeofsteeljoint,anI-joint,whichappearstobethemostdurabletypeofjoint.,译文,句型,Thesejointsofsteelcanmovewithoutbreaking.Also,topreventpropertydamage,architectsnowdesignbuildingssothatthebuildingscolumnsandhorizontalbeamsareofequalstrength,andverticalsupportcolumnsareinserteddeepintosolidsoil.Inaddition,manynewhouseshaverelativelylightroofsandstrongwalls.Concretepillarsforhighwaybridgesthatpreviouslyonlyhadsteelrodsinsidearenowenclosedinsteel.,译文,Paragraph3,Besidesworkingtoimprovebuildingstructures,peopleinareaswhereearthquakesarecommonneedtoprepareforthepossibilityofagreatearthquake.Theyshouldregularlycheckandreinforcetheirhomes,placeheavyobjectsinlowpositions,attachcupboardsandcabinetstowalls,andfastendoorssothattheywillnotopenaccidentallyduringanearthquake.,译文,句型,Inadditiontopreparingtheirhouses,peopleintheseregionsneedtopreparethemselves.Theyshouldhavesuppliesofwaterandfoodathomeandatwork.Itisbesttostoreseveralgallonsofwaterperperson.Itisalsoimportanttohavesomethingthatcancleanwaterandkillbacteria,sowaterfromothersourcescanbemadesafetodrink.Storeoneweeksfoodforeachperson.Earth-quakesurvivalsuppliesincludearadioreceiver,atorch,extrabatteries,firstaidsupplies,aspade,atent,somerope,andwarmclothing.Expertsalsosuggestthefollowing:,译文,Paragraph4,Keepafireextinguisherhandy.Youshouldhaveoneathome,atwork,andinyourcar(ifyouhaveone).Thefireextinguishershouldbeabletoputoutanytypeoffire.Havethepropertoolstoturnoffgasandwaterlinesifnecessary.Arrangeanauxiliarycookingandheatingsourcethatcanbeusedoutside.Onealternativeisaportablecampstovewithsmallcansofgas.Keepapairofheavy,comfortableshoesorbootsinyourhome,atwork,andinyourvehicle.Ifthereisanearthquake,therewillbelotsoffragmentsofbrokenglass.Lightshoeswillnotprotectyourfeetaswellasheavyshoeswill.,译文,Paragraph5,Everyfamilyneedstohaveearthquakeemergencyplans.Howwillfamilymembersleavetheareaduringthechaosfollowinganearthquake?Everyoneshouldagreeonameetingpointoutsideoftheareaperhapsinatownseveralmilesaway.Alsoimportantisanarrangementforfamilymemberstocommunicateifthereisanearthquake.Ifanearthquakehappensinalargecity,manyofthetelephonelineswithinthecityarelikelytobedown.,译文,Paragraph6,Thefewremainingworkinglineswillbebusywiththecallsthatnaturallyoccurafteradisasteranditwillbedifficulttocallfromonepartofthecitytoanother.Itmight,however,bepossibletocalloutsidethecity.Asensiblearrangementistohaveallofthemembersofthefamilycalltocheckinwithafriendorrelativewholivesmorethanahundredmilesaway.,译文,Althoughscientistsstillcannotpredictearthquakes,theyarelearningagreatdealabouthowthelargeplatesintheEarthscrustmove,thestressesbetweenplates,howearthquakeswork,andthegeneralprobabilitythatagivenplacewillhaveanearthquake.Somedaysoonitmayactuallybecomepossibletopredictearthquakeswithaccuracy.However,evenifpredictionbecomespossible,peoplewholiveinareaswhereearthquakesareacommonoccurrencewillstillhavetodotheirbesttopreventdisastersbybuildingstructuresthatareresistanttogroundmovementandbybeingpersonallyprepared.,译文,Paragraph7,难句解析,Theseprecautionscanmakeagreatdifferenceinsavinglivesandpreventingthelossofhomes.Educationconcerninghowtosurviveanearthquakeshouldbeamajoremphasisforallgovernmentprogramsandearthquake-relatedresearchprojects.,译文,第一段,从理想上说，人们希望知道地震什么时候发生，破坏程度会如何。在日本和中国，人们长期以来一直相信地震是可以预测的。在日本，科学家在陆地上和海洋中铺设电线，以监测它们的运动。而中国人的传统做法是观察动植物以获取地震的警示信号。例如，中国人注意到，地震之前母鸡的行为会有所异常：它们夜晚不肯进笼。他们还注意到，蛇会爬出地穴而冻死，狗会狂吠不已，甚至那些平常很安静的狗也会叫个不停。日本的阪神地震发生之前，有报告说大批鱼群游到了水面。有些鸟，如鸽子，也显得特别聒噪，据说地震前它们飞行的方式也与往常不同。也许最有趣、也最容易测量的，是地震前地下水发生的化学变化。实验数据似乎表明，地震前地下水中氡的含量会增高。,返回,第二段,人们还希望能够预防地震会造成的重大财产损失。要知道，多数在地震中丧生的人都是被倒塌的建筑物砸死的。所以，具有抗震能力的房屋结构是关注的重点。钢似乎是最佳的建材，但一旦被焊接成僵硬的结构就不行了。许多新式结构都采用了一种新型的钢接合方法，即I形接合，它看来是最耐用的一种接合。这种钢接合在移动时不会断裂。同样，为了预防财产损失，建筑师如今设计楼房时会使房屋的支柱和横梁力度相等，而垂直支柱则深深插入坚实的地基中。此外，许多新型房屋都采用了较轻的屋顶和坚实的墙壁。高架桥的水泥柱先前只是在内部有钢筋，如今外面也包上了钢板。,返回,第三段,除了设法改善建筑结构外，地震频发区的人们也需要为可能发生的大地震做好防备工作。他们应当定期检查和加固房屋，将重物放在低处，将橱柜和柜子贴墙放置，加固房门以防地震时意外脱开。,返回,第四段,除做好房屋的防震外，这些地区的人们还需要为自身做些防备。他们应该在家里和工作地储备些水和食物。最好每人储备几加仑水。储备一些可以净化水和消灭病菌的东西也很重要，这样就可以安全地饮用其他来源的水了。每人准备一周的食物。地震救生储备还包括无线电接收器、手电、备用电池、急救用品、铁锹、帐篷、绳子和保暖衣物。此外，专家们还提出了以下建议：,返回,第五段,手边备有灭火器。应该在住处、工作场所和汽车里(如果你有车的话)都存放一个。灭火器应该是可以扑灭任何火灾的那种。有必要的话，准备一些能关闭煤气和自来水管道的特制工具。准备一个备用的户外烹调和取暖用具，可以准备一个便携式露营灶和几小罐煤气。在住处、工作场所和汽车里放一双厚重、舒适的鞋或靴子。发生地震时会有大量的玻璃碎片。轻便的鞋子不能像厚重的鞋子那样保护好你的双脚。,返回,第六段,每个家庭都需要制定地震应急计划。如何让一家人在地震的混乱中安全离开？大家应该商定一个地震区外的会合点可能是在几英里外的某个市镇。同样，协商好地震时家人的联络方式也很重要。地震若发生在大城市，市里的许多电话线路很可能中断，剩下的为数不多的可用线路会很忙，因为灾难之后自然会有许多电话，要从市里的一个地方打到另一个地方会很困难。但可能通向市外的电话是通的。明智的安排是，让所有的家人都给一个住在一百多英里之外的朋友或亲戚打个电话，以报平安。,返回,第七段,尽管科学家们仍无法预测地震，但对地壳中的大板块如何移动，板块间的压力如何，地震如何发生，某地区发生地震的一般概率为多少，他们了解得越来越多。在不久的将来，精确预测地震将成为可能。然而，即使可以预测，居住在地震频发区的人们还是应尽力预防灾难，办法是建造能够抵抗地表运动的房屋，同时做好个人准备。在挽救生命和防止家庭损失方面，这些预防措施会发挥很大的作用。教育人们如何在地震中求生，应该是所有政府规划和地震研究项目的重点所在。,返回,watchfor寻找，等待,Wellbewatchingforanydevelopments.我们会密切注意事情的任何进展,forexample,comeoutof,Wesawhimcomeoutoftheroom.我们看见他走出房间。Bigideascomeoutofbigpencils.灵感来自那支大铅笔,v.由产生，从出来,forexample,大批鱼群largeschoolsoffish重大财产损失thegreatdestructionofproperty一群海豚aschoolofdolphins雨林的毁坏thedestructionofrainforests,sothat,Iwanttoleavenow.Iwontbelate.,Itooknonoticeofhim.Heflewintoarage.,用.sothat.合成下列组句:,IwanttoleavenowsothatIwontbelate.,Itooknonoticeofhimsothatheflewintoarage。,beof+adj.+noun=be+adv.+adj.,用“beof+adj.+noun.”改写下列句子:ThebookheboughtyesterdayisveryhelpfulItissaidthatyogaisverybeneficialtohumanhealth.,Thebookheboughtyesterdayisofmuchhelp.Itissaidthatyogaisofgreatbenefittohumanhealth.,tip,attachto附属于，参加，归于,例句：1.Thishospitalisattachedtoamedicalcollege。这家医院附属于一个医学院。2.HeattachedhimselftotheParty他入党了3.Noblameattachestohimfortheaccident。责任不在他身上。,inadditionto除之外,老板要他每天干16个钟头的活，还打他Thebossworkedhim16hoursadayandbeathiminaddition。,例句,ifnecessary如有必要,Translation如有必要，这个讨论会可在明天继续进行。KeyThisdiscussioncan,ifnecessary,becontinuedtomorrow.,agreeon协商，与达成一致,agreeon:havethesameopinionaboutagreeto:accept;approveagreewith:havethesameopinionwithsb1)Finallythecommitteeyourrequest.2)Icantyourfather;itisafoolishrisk.3)Thetwosidesthedateofnegotiation.,agreedto,agreewith,haveagreedon,checkin记录，登记签到,例句:WhattimecanIcheckin?我什么时候可以登记？Thereceptionpersonnelwillhelpyoucheckin.接待人员会帮助你们办理入住手续。,makea/nodifference对有/无影响,1.海边的空气改善了他的健康状况.Theseaairhasmadeadifferencetohishealth.2.你是去是留对我都无所谓。Itdoesntmakeanydifferencetomewhetheryougoorstay.,例句,Keephandy手边备有,看看他手边常备的东西，你就会知道他的生活情趣,Takealookatwhatheoftenkeepshandyandyouwillcatchontohistasteforlife.,translation,belikelyto很可能,只有当你学会在逆境中前行，你才有可能懂得人生的真谛。,Onlywhenyoulearntoforgeaheadinadversityareyoulikelytoknowthetruemeaningoflife.,translation,o/in/between刊登,麦氏(MaxwellHouse)在一家报纸上曾刊登了一则广告：滴滴香浓，意犹未尽。TheMaxwellHouseinsertedinanewspaperanadvertisement:Goodtothelastdrop.,translation,1)detect(vt)察觉，发现；探测,如果许多癌症在早期被发现，那么是可以治愈的。Manyformsofcancerscanbecuredifdetectedearly.我察觉到他的态度有微妙的变化Idetectedaslightchangeinhisattitude.,Translation,detectsb.In(doing)sth.发现某人在做（坏事）他考试作弊时被发现了。Hewasdetectedintheactofcheatingontheexam.detectablea.可发觉的，可看穿的detectiven./a.侦探，侦探的detectionn.察觉，探测；侦察,Collocation,Assoclation,2)waxvi.变大，增强【u】asolidfattyoroilysubstance蜡,HerfeelingsforJohnwaxandwine.她对约翰的感情时好时坏。Itisobviousthatacoatingofwaxwasputonthepaper.纸上涂了一层蜡。,（月的）盈亏圆缺喻盛衰,Translation,3）withstandvt.经受，承受，顶住,anattacksevereteststhestormhardwear(fire)hardship,抵御攻击经得起严峻的考验顶得住暴风雨耐穿能吃苦,withstand,Collocation,军队太弱了，抵挡不了任何进攻。Thetroopsweretooweaktowithstandanyattack这双鞋子很耐穿。Thepairofshoeswithstandshardwear.,Translation,4)enclosevt.围住，包住,他们用篱笆围住了院子。Theyenclosedtheiryardwithafence.兹附上200美元支票。IenclosedhereinacheckforUsdollars.,encloseda.被附上的,enclosuren.围地，围栏；随信附件,Translation,Assoclation,5）extinguishvt使熄灭，扑灭使(希望等)破灭,extinguishafire灭火Hisdreamofanactorisextinguishedwiththefailure.他的演员梦随着失败而破灭。,distinguishv.区别，辨别,6)sensibleadj合理的,明智的,asensibleman明智的人asensibledecision明智的决定asensiblearrangement合理的安排预防总是比治疗更明智，而且花费更少。Preventionisalwaysmoresensibleandlesscostlythancure.,Collocation,Translation,Assoclation,sensen./vt.感觉，意义，见识；理解,sensitivea.敏感的，灵敏的，感光的,Bankfilling,sensiblesensesensitive,1.Adriverhasagoodoflocality.,2.Itwouldbetoleaveearly,incasetheresalotoftraffic.,3.Sheisverytowhatpeoplethinkofher.,sense,sensible,sensitive,7)resistanta.:offeringresistance抵抗的，对抗的,Collocation,water-,heat-resistant,bullet-,Translation,Conservativepeopleareusuallyresistanttochange.,保守的人通常反对变化。,Assoclation,persistenta.坚持的，固执的；持续的,insistenta.坚持不懈的,assistantn./a.助手，助理；助理的，辅助的,防水的,防热的,防弹的,8)precautionn.:anactiondonetopreventsth.from,happening预防，预防措施,Collocation,takeprecautionagainst采取预防.的措施,Translation,政府采取了各种预防措施，以防止非典的进一步蔓延。,ThegovernmenthastakenallprecautionstopreventfurtherspreadingofSARS.,Usefulexpressions,留意，观察离开，从.出来别忘了，终究，究竟将.插入，嵌入