非谓语动词高中英语语法

非谓语动词,动词不定式构成,不定式由to+动词原形构成，是非谓语动词的一种，即不能做谓语，没有人称和数的变化。不定式加上它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语，可做谓语以外的其他句子成分。,不定式的作用,1、作主语1）不定式todo直接放在句首作主语Tofinishtheworkintenminutesisveryhard.Toloseyourheartmeansfailure.Todothatsortofthingisfoolish.,续上：Tomasteraforeignlanguageisreallyimportantnowadays.Togiveupsmokingisright.,不定式的作用,2）It作形式主语放句首，真正的主语不定式放在句后。Itisveryhardtofinishtheworkintenminutes.Itmeansfailuretoloseyourheart.,不定式的作用,It作形式主语常用句式:a.It+be+名词+todoItisyourdutytoobeytherulesatschool.Itsgoodmannerstohelpothersintrouble.,不定式的作用,b.Ittakessb.+sometime+todoIttakestimeandefforttomasterEnglish.Ittookustwohourstofinishthejob.Ittakesmehalfanhourtogotoschool.,不定式的作用,c.It+be+形容词+for+sb+todoItisimpossibleforustomasterEnglishinashorttime.Itisagainsttheregulationforyoutoparkyourcarhere,不定式的作用,d.It+be+形容词+ofsb+todoItskindofyoutohelpmewithmymath.(形容词常用clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,nice,silly,stupid，wise等表示赞扬或批评的词。),不定式的作用,2.作表语Yourjobistowashdishes.Toseeistobelieve眼见为实Allyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly,续上：Ourmaintaskistodevelopthestudentsabilitytosolveproblems.Herwishistobecomeadoctor.,不定式的作用,3、作宾语1）V+todoShepromisedtogivehimanotherchance.Ihopetoseeyouagain.HedecidestolearnEnglishwell.,不定式的作用,以下动词后常跟todo形式：agree,demand,ask,decide,expect，hope，want,offer,plan,pretend，promise,afford,prepare,refuse,manage,fail,dare,fear,swear,choose等。,例句：Hedidnthaveanymoney,sohedecidedtolookforjob.Shepretendedtobeill.Hemanagedtofinishhishomeworkintime.,不定式的作用,2）少数介词后面可跟不定式作宾语Ithasnochoicebuttoliedownandsleep.Theyhavenochoicebuttostaythere.Theydidntopentheirmouthsexcepttocomplain.,不定式的作用,但是，Cantbut,cantchoosebut,canthelpbut,donothingbut,ratherthan,hadbetter等之后省略to。Theresnothingtodoexcept/butwaittillitstopsraining.Hedoesnothingbutplayallday.,不定式的作用,3)作宾语补足语Theteachertoldhisstudentstopaymoreattentiontotheirpronunciation.Iwouldliketheproblemtobediscussedatthenextmeeting.,续上：Iwarnedthepatientnottodrinkcoldwateraftertheoperation.Sheaskedmetostaythere.,不定式的作用,注意:以下动词：feel,hear,listento,make,have,let,seewatch,notice,lookat,observe与不带to的不定式连用。Theteachermademeanswerthequestion.Wewatchedthemplayfootball.Iheardthemsingapopsong,不定式的作用,注意：不定式作宾补改成被动语态，to不可省略。Iheardthemsingapopsong.Theywereheardtosingapopsong.Isawhimcrosstheroad.Hewasseentocrosstheroad.,不定式的作用,4.作定语,放在被修饰词后面。Doyouhaveanythingtosay?Bettywasthefirsttoknowthetruth.Hehasnotimetoseethefilm.,注意：如果动词不定式是不及物动词，后面须加相应的介词。Wefoundahousetolivein.Hewantstofindachairtositon.Thisisaninterestingpicturetolookat.,不定式的作用,5.作状语1）表目的：ShecameheretostudyEnglish.Heworkeddayandnighttogetthemoney.Shesoldherhairtobuythewatch.,不定式的作用,注意：不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致。Tosavemoney,everymeanshasbeetried.(错)Tosavemoney,hehastriedeverymeans.（对）TolearnEnglishwell,adictionaryisneeded.（错）TolearnEnglishwell,weneedadictionary.(对),2）表结果ImtootiredtowalkanyfurthertonightHehurriedtothestationonlytofindthatthetrainhadleft.TheyaretooyoungtounderstandwhatIhavesaid.,3）表原因Theyjumpedwithjoytohearthenews.Theywereverysadtohearthenews.,不定式的作用,6.动词不定式短语可以和疑问词what，which，how，where，when等连用Idontknowwhattodo.Couldyoutellmewheretobuythebook.Hedidntknoww