最新高三英语高考英语语法课件：非谓语动词的比较和运用

非谓语动词的运用与比较,不定式,动名词,分词,非谓语动词,一、非谓语动词的句法功能,X,X,X,X,二.句法功能的区别：,1主语,动名词不定式,Inmanycountries,shakingonesheadmeans“no”andnoddingmeans“yes”.Towriteasciencefictionishiswish.,Itsdangeroustoplay/playingwithfire.,Itisnogood_(argue)withhimaboutthat.,arguing,在含有no,-less，常用动名词短语作主语。eg.Itisnousedoing.;ItisuselessdoingItisnogooddoing;Itisnohelpdoing,2.表语,不定式动名词分词,Thestoryismoving.Awayofsaying“Iamhungry”ispattingthestomachbeforeameal.Mytaskthisclassistoteachyouhowtograspthegrammar.,3.宾语,动名词不定式,根据习惯搭配和语义区分(详析精练P.91),习惯接动名词作宾语的有：mind,finish,enjoy,avoid,risk,consider,practise,suggest,advise,miss,appreciate,imagine,putoff,keep(on),giveup,insiston,beusedto,lookforwardto,stickto,devoteoneslifeto,bebusy,beworth,canthelp,excuse,escape,admit(承认)，delay,risk,objectto（反对）,payattentionto,etc.,习惯于后接动词不定式而不接动名词作宾语的动词有：want,wish,hope,expect,promise,pretend,decide,manage,refuse,learn,agree,plan,offer,long,demand,help,manage,prepare,learn,determine,intend,etc.,动名词与不定式的不同含义：beafraidtodo不敢、害怕、胆怯去做某事beafraidofdoing担心、恐怕出现Weareneverafraidtolaydownourlivesfortherightcause.为了正义的事业我们绝不怕牺牲自己的生命。Shewasafraidofwakingherhusbandup.,2)forgettodosth.忘记去做某事（未做）forgetdoingsth.忘记做过了某事（已做）Thelightintheofficeisoff.Itwasshewhoturneditoff,butsheherselfforgot_(turn)itoff.Thelightintheofficeisstillon.Sheforgot_(turn)itoff.,3)remembertodosth.记着去做某事（未做）rememberdoingsth.记着做了某事（已做）Doyouremember_(meet)meatapartylastyear?Youmustremember_(leave)tomorrow.,4)stoptodosth.stopdoingsth.,5)regrettodosth.遗憾地说/告诉=besorrytosay/totellregretdoingsth.后悔做了Iregret_(tell)thatyoudidntpasstheexamagain.Iregret_(tell)herthebadnews.,6)trytodosth.trydoingsth.Wetried_(persuade)himtogowithus,buthewouldntlisten.Letstry_(do)theworkinsomeotherway.,7)meantodosth.meandoingsth.Ifitmeans_(delay)morethanaweek,Illnotwait.Imean_(go),andnothingcanstopme.8)goontodosth.goondoingsth.9）canthelpdoingsth.情不自禁，不禁canthelp(to)dosth.不能帮忙做,10).permit/allow/advise+doingsth.+sb.todosth.11).start/begin/continue/like/love/hate+todosth.+doingsth.但有些动名词在句中是主动形式，却有被动含义Thehouserequires/needs/wantsrepairing.Thebookisworthreading.,4.定语,动名词分词不定式,Doyouknowthemantalkingwithablackthere?Thecarryingpoleremindsmeofourbitterdaysinthepast.Therewillbemanypeopletohelpyou.,=whoistalking,Thepoleforcarryingthings,Thelab,tobebuiltnextyearbeingbuiltnowbuiltlastyear,Cf.,isoursplendid.,3.现在分词和过去分词,fallingleavesfallenleaves,exitingnewsexitedstudents,-ing令人;-ed表示所修饰词本身的特征,adisappointingvoice;adisappointedvoice,注:1)现在分词作定语时，表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词的表示的动作几乎同时发生。如两个动作有先有后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而要用定语从句。,Theteachercriticizedthestudentwhohadbrokenthewindow.Yesterday,mothertoldmeaneventwhichhappenedfiveyearsago?,2).不定式作定语Hethoughtoutaplan_(punish)Tom.Heisalwaysthelast_(come)toofficePleasegivemeaknife_(cut)with.作定语的不定式如是不及物动词，不定式后面须有相应的介词。,5.宾语补足语,不定式分词,使役动词：make,have,let,etc.感觉动词：hear,listento,see,watch,notice,observe,lookat,find,feel,etc.,Itscoldoutside,wehadthefireburningallnight.Mumhadhimwashtheplates.Isawhimgoupstairs.Isawhimgoingupstairs,（已经上去了，全过程）,（此刻的行为）,注：不能用不定式作宾补的动词：,hope,suggest,agree,insist,plan,suppose,demand,think,announce,make后不能用doing作宾补,Sheisoftenlistened_(sing)thesong.,6.状语,不定式分词,1.Everydayheclimbedtoahighrocknearhiscavetokeepwatch.2.Twoyearslater,herfatherdisappeared,nevertoreturn.3.Imverygladtohavethisstampagain.4.Itistoodarkforustoseeanythingintheroom.5.Heisoldenoughtolookafterhimself.,目的,结果,原因,程度,程度,不定式主要作目的，结果和程度状语,1).OncefleeingGermany,EinsteinwentfirsttoFrance,thentoBelgium2).Beingashyman,Einsteindidntattendthegreatcelebration.3).Thetrainerappeared,followedbysixlittledog.4).Givenmoretime,Icandoitbetter.,时间,原因,方式，伴随,条件,分词在句中主要作时间，原因，方式或伴随，条件，让步，结果状语。,分词和不定式作结果状语,Tonysfatherdied,leavinghimalotofmoney.Hewenthome,onlytofindhismoneystolen.,现在分词和过去分词作状语,Helayontheground,lookingatthesky.Oncepublished,hisworkbecamefamousfortheabsenceofrhymeattheendofeachline.,Thegame_(interest)theboys.Theboysare_thegame.Thegameis_.Iwonderwhyfootball_boys.A.hasinterestedB.isinterestedinC.interestingD.interested_(excite)atthenews,theboysrushedtowatchthegame._(Fill)withjoy,Istartedoff.,interests,interestedin,interesting,A,Excited,Filled,Canyoudothefollowing?,generallyspeaking,judgingfrom,talkingof,supposing,considering,comparedwith,注1：分词作状语时，其逻辑主语须与句子的主语一致，构成主动或被动的关系。注2：表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连接词while或when引导。注3：有时，”with+名词（或代词宾格）+分词”的结构表示伴随状况。注4:当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，分词须有自己的主语，构成独立主格结构。,WhilewatchingTV,heheardsomeoneshoutingshoutforhelp.,Withtheworkdone,hewenthome.,Weatherpermitting,wellgooutingtomorrow.,Movedbyhiswords,hedecidedtostudyharder.,三、非谓语动词的各种形式：（以动词do为例）,不定式,分词,todo,tobedone,tohavedone,tohavebeendone,tobedoing,doing,beingdone,havingdone,havingbeendone,1.不定式的时态与语态：1）一般式：不定式表示的动作常与谓语的动作同时（或几乎同时）发生，或在它之后发生。Isawhimgoout.Iplantoattendthemeetingtobeheldtomorrow.2）进行式：不定式表示的动作正在进行。Imverygladtobeworkingwithyou.3）完成式：不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前Imsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Thearticleissaidtohavebeenreadbymanypeople.,2.动名词的时态和语态1）动名词的时态：一般式和完成式如doing的动作没明确表示出时间是与谓语同时发生或在谓语之前发生，用一般式。Weareinterestedin_(play)chess.如doing的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，通常用完成式。Imsorryfornot_(keep)mypromise.但在某些词后，常用一般式，尽管其动作是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生。Onhearingthebadnews,shecried.Illneverforgetseeingthatfilmforthefirsttime.,2）动名词的语态doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendoneHewasafraidof_(leave)athome.Thehouseshowednosignof_(damage).XuBenyuinsistedonbeingsenttothemountainareatoservethechildrenthere.,3现在分词的时态及语态：,分词的动作如发生在谓语动词之后,doing用一般式，如发生在谓语动词之前，用完成式havingdone。,HavingenjoyedtheridesattheHeadland,visitorscantakeashuttletotheLowland.,Butthemeparksalsotrytomakesurethatvisitorsleaveknowingmoreabouttheirtheme.,如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，可以在不定式前加一个由for/of引起的短语。Itiseasyforthestudentstoread.Itwillbeamistakeforustohelpyou.,1).不定式的复合结构:for/ofsb.todosth.,Itswrongof/forhimtospeakbadbehindothers.,4非谓语动词的复合结构,在一些表示对某人的“称赞”、“责备”等意义的形