李照国-中医英语-中药部分

Lesson16ChineseMedicalHerbs,DifferentvarietyofChinesemateriamedica,Materiamedicalatin药品,Mineral,Animal,Plants,PLANTHERBS,金银花,仙鹤草,三七,flower,herb,plant,fournaturesofdrugs四气thefiveflavors五味channeltropismtrupizm归经ascendinganddescending,floatingandsinking升降浮沉Toxicity毒性,BasicknowledgeofChineseherbs,(一)DrugProperties药性,FourNaturesofDrugs（四气）,Itreferstothefourpropertiesofdrugs,cold,hot,warmandcool.Itreflectsthebodyseffectofinclination(作用倾向）oftheupsanddownsofYinandYang（阴阳盛衰）andtheinteriorphasechange(寒热变化）afterthedrugsactingonthebody.,Inthebook“ShengNongsherbalclassic(神农本草经），thereisabasicprincipleintreatingsymptoms.whichisTreatthecoldwithhotmedicine,Treatthehotwithcoldmedicine.（疗寒以热药，疗热以寒药）”,TheFiveFlavors（五味）,Itcontainsfivebasicherbalmedicinesinaprescription（药味）sour,bitter,sweet,pungent，andsalty.Itcandividedintotwoparts,Yang:pungent，sweet,Yin：sour,bitter,andsalty,（一）辛味能散、能行。能发散、行气、活血作用。,ThePerformanceofthefiveflavors,麻黄,（二）甘味：能补助、能缓、能和、。有补虚、和中、缓急、调和药品性等作用。,甘草,（三）酸味：能收、能涩。有收敛固涩作用。,（四）苦味：能泄、能燥、能坚.一指苦能通泄；二指苦能降泄；三指苦能清泄，能燥指苦燥湿能坚：一指苦能坚阴，即泻火存阴，二指坚厚肠胃。,黄连,（五）咸：能软、能下。有软坚散结、泻下通肠作用。,Theefficacities（功效）efiksi,tioffiveflavors,Pungent：volatilization（发散），v,ltilaizeinpromotingthecirculationofQi（行气），invigoratingthecirculationofblood（活血）andetc.ItsalwaysusedtotreatExteriorSyndrome(表证），suchasherbaephedra（麻黄）.Sweet:tonifying（补益），harmonizingthemoderating（和中），regulatingherbalproperty（调和药性）andalleviatingpain(缓急止痛）.,Theefficacities（功效）offiveflavors,Sour:astringing（收敛），inducingastringency（固涩）.Bitter:deprivingtheevilwetness(燥湿），dischargingthedefecation(通泄大便）.defkenSalt:softeninghardnesstodissipatedspetstagnation(软坚散结）anddefecation.,Ascending,Descending,FloatingSinking（升降浮沉）,Itreferstothedrugsfourdifferentfunctiontrend(up,down,insideandouside)tothebody.,（二）FunctionalTendency,（三）ChannelTropismtrupizm(归经),Itreferstothedrugsselectivefunctiontosomepartofthebody.Thatistosay,onekindofdrughasamainorspecialtreatingfunctionforthepathologicalchanges（病变）ofsomeorgansandmeridians（脏腑器官).,（四）Toxicity（毒性）,Ithastwomeaninginhistory.,:thebias(偏性）thatthedrughaswhenusedintreatingdiseases.,:theadverseeffect（不良影响）andthedamagethatthedrugdotothebody.,Compatibilitykm,ptbltiofmedicinesmeansthatmakinguseoftwoormorethantwokindsofdrugsselectivelyaccordingtodifferentneedsanddifferentfeaturesofthepatientscondition.Itcanbeconcludedbysevenaspects,whichcalledthe“sevenemotions”ofthedrugs.,（五）Compatibilityofmedicines(配伍）,TheCompatibilityofHerbs(sevenemotions),Singleapplication（单行）Synergism（相须）sndzmMutualassistance（相使）Mutualinhibition（相畏）,TheCompatibilityofHerbs(sevenemotions),Mutualdetoxification（相杀）di,tksfkenMutualantagonism对立（相恶）ntnzmIncompatibility（相反）,单行：指用单味药就能发挥预期治疗效果，不需要其它药辅助如清金散用一味黄苓治轻度的肺热咳血相须：即性能功效相类似的药物配合使用，可以增强原有疗效如大黄和芒硝合用，能明显增强攻下泻热的治疗效果相使：即在性能功效方面有某些共性的药物配伍合用，而以一药为主，另一药为辅，辅药能增强主药疗效如补气利水的黄芪与利水健脾的茯苓合用，茯苓能增强黄芪补气利水的治疗效果相畏：即一种药物的毒性反应或副作用，能被另一种药物减轻或消除如生半夏和生南星的毒性能被生姜减轻或消除，所以说生半夏和生南星畏生姜,5相杀：即一种药物能减轻或消除另一种药物的毒性或副作用如生半夏和生南星的毒性能被行姜减轻或消除，所以说生姜杀生半夏和生南星相恶：即两药合用，一种药物能使另一种药物原有功效降低，甚至丧失如人参恶莱菔子，因为莱菔子能削弱人参的补气作用，相恶只是两药的某方面或某几方面的功效减弱或丧失，而不是二药的各种功能全部相恶相反：即两药合用，能产生或增强毒性反应或副作用如”十八反”，”十九畏”中的若干药物。其中相须、相使表示增效，临床用药要充分利用；,ContraindicationinUsingHerbs(用药禁忌）.kntr,ndken,Incompatibility：-eighteenincompatiblemedicaments（十八反）-nineteencounteraction（十九畏）Contraindicationduringpregnancy（妊娠用药禁忌）DietaryTaboosduringtakingthemedicine（服药时的饮食禁忌）,十八反Eighteenincompatiblemedicaments,本草明言十八反半蒌贝蔹及攻乌藻戟遂芫俱战草诸参辛芍叛藜芦,硫黄原是火中精，朴硝一见便相争。水银莫与砒霜见，狼毒最怕密陀僧。巴豆性烈最为上，偏与牵牛不顺情。丁香莫与郁金见，牙硝难合京三棱。川乌草乌不顺犀，人参最怕五灵脂。官桂善能调冷气，若逢石脂便相欺。大凡修合看顺逆，炮槛炙焯莫相依。,-Nineteencounteraction（十九畏）,医疗机构翻译,国家中医药管理局StateAdministrationofTraditionalChineseMedicine中华中医药学会ChinaAssociationofTraditionalChineseMedicineandPharmacy世界针灸学会联合会TheWorldFederationofAcupunct