人体运动学肌肉动力学分析PPT课件

.,1,人体运动学-功能性活动分析,kinesiologyapplicationinfunctionalactivities,周晶南方医科大学康复医学院,.,2,kinesiology,.,3,Purposeofstudyingclinicalkinesiology,Thepurposeofstudyingclinicalkinesiologyistounderstandtheforcesactingonthehumanbodyandtomanipulatetheseforcesintreatmentproceduressothathumanperformancemaybeimprovedandfurtherinjurymaybeprevented了解动作了解作用在人体的力量优化运动效能避免和预防运动损伤,.,4,Reference,.,5,PlanesofMotion,TransversePlane(YZplane),FrontalPlane(XYplane),SagittalPlane(XZplane),Cardinalplanesofmotion,.,6,NamingMovementsatJoints,.,7,.,8,.,9,.,10,Specialcases,ThumbPronation/supinationHipmed/latrotationwithhipflexion,.,11,Kinematicchain,kinematicchain：aseriesofconnectedsegmentlinksopenkinematicchainmotion开链运动thejointmotionwiththedistalsegmentmovesfreeinspace,e.g.raisinglowerlegorthrowingaballclosedkinematicchainmotion闭链运动thejointmotionwiththedistalsegmentisfixed,e.g.standinguporsquattingdown,.,12,Whatkindofkinematicchainisperformedas,chin-up(引體向上)?one-leggedsquatting?,.,13,BasicArthrokinematicJointMotions,(1)rollingorrocking,(2)slidingorgliding,(3)spinning,.,14,ApplicationofHumanMotionMeasureandAnalysisSystem,.,15,使用人體動作量測分析系統的目的人體動作量測分析系統進階人體動作分析-人體動作分析模擬系統人體動作分析系統之應用步態分析(gaitanalysis)平衡訓練輔具科技下背痛分析運動器材體育技術,.,16,使用動作量測分析系統的目的,了解人體動作，肢幹間的相關性運動學，動力學參數設計、提升與評估人體運動、手工具、運動器材與醫療輔具等的功能與成效,.,17,動作量測分析系統包含,動作量測分析系統電子量角器(electrogoniometer)力量感測器(Loadcell)動作擷取系統(Vicon)測力板(AMTI)肌電訊號(EMG)加速規(Accelerometer)資料收集盒(Datalogger),.,18,電子量角器(electrogoniometer),.,19,力量感測器(Loadcell),.,20,力量感測器(Loadcell),.,21,動作分析系統,.,22,1.動作擷取系統(Vicon),Vicon460,Ploygon,.,23,.,24,2.測力板(AMTI),.,25,測力板(CoP),.,26,3.肌電訊號(EMG),.,27,動作量測分析系統電子量角器(electrogoniometer)力量感測器(Loadcell)動作擷取系統(Vicon)測力板(AMTI)肌電訊號(EMG)加速規(Accelerometer)資料收集盒(Datalogger),關節角度外力肢段空間位置地面反作用力肌電訊號加速度資料收集,.,28,.,29,人体功效学之人体模拟系统,.,30,.,31,.,32,20cm,50.8cm,42Kg,25Kg,.,33,25Kg,42Kg,10cm,39cm,.,34,.,35,动作分析的应用,.,36,Gaitanalysis,.,37,平衡訓練,.,38,.,39,.,40,Bicycleanalysis,Hipmoment1500N-mmKneemoment2400N-mmQudriceps4500N，Bicepsfemoris1500NGluteus3000NTibialisanterior2800NGastroneminus1600N,.,41,moreJoyidentifiesthesequenceofactivitiesperformedfromthestarttothecompletionoftheactivitythesecond;presentsadescriptionofthejointmovementsthroughouttheactivitythethird;distinguishesthemusclesandhowtheyfunctiontoproducethejointmovementstosuccessfullyperformtheactivities,.,58,Mobility,.,59,Floormobility：rolling,RollingDevelopmentaldirection：nonsegmental-segmentalSupinetopronemoreindividualvariationmoredifficultthanpronetosupine,.,60,.,61,Supinetoprone(Rolltotheright),1.leftupperextremityreachingtotherightShoulderflexionanteriordeltoid三角肌前侧+ofpectoralismajor胸大肌Horizontaladduction水平位的内收posteriordeltoid(eccentriccontraction离心收缩afterpassingthemidline),.,62,Scapulaprotraction肩胛骨前伸,Serratusanterior前锯肌,upper&lowertrapezius斜方肌Elbowextension:Triceps肱三头肌Forearmpronation前臂旋前pronatorquadratus&pronatorteres旋前方肌旋前圆肌Wristinneutralorslightextension腕关节中立位微微伸展Extensorscarpiradialislongus&brevis（桡侧腕伸肌）+extensorcarpiulnaris（尺侧腕伸肌）,.,63,Fingerandthumbextensionextensordigitorum指伸肌Abduction:dorsalinterossei背侧骨间肌Rotatorcuff肩袖musclesstabilizeheadofthehumerusduringarmmotionRightU/EShoulderextension肩关节伸展+scapularretraction肩胛骨后缩+forearminmidposition前臂中立位+wristandfingerextension手腕伸展,.,64,head,Neckrotation&lateralflexiontotherightleftstemocleidomastoid胸锁乳突肌+rightscalene（斜角肌）Flexionincreasedasthemovementproceeds,.,65,3.trunkflexionandrotationtotherightFlexion:rectusabdominus腹直肌Rotation+lateralrotationrightinternalabdominaloblique腹内斜肌+leftexternalabdominaloblique腹外斜肌4.leftpelvisForwardrotation+lefthipflexion&adduction+leftkneeflexion(footpushingoffthefloor),.,66,5.rightlowerlimbinextension6.weightbearingonrightsideofthebody7.weightshifttoleftarm(rightarmmovefrombeneaththebody)rightshoulderflexion+scapularupwardrotation+elbowextension+forearmpronation+wristandhandextensiontopushintofloor,.,67,Occupationalanddailyactivities,.,68,Liftingtasks,.,69,Head,trunk,pelvisaremaintainedinmidlinealignmentthroughouttheactivityCocontractionofanteriorandposteriormusclesneckflexors(SCM,scalenes斜角肌)v.s.extensorserectorspinae（竖棘肌）v.s.abdominalmuscles腹肌transverseabdominisv.s.multifiduspelvisandlumbarspineinneutralpositionTorsoismovedbyhipinsteadoftrunkmotion,.,70,Preparationphasepriortolifting,testtheobjecttobeliftedtogetanideaofitsweightestablishwidebaseofsupportandstandingclosetotheobjecthipabduction:gluteusmediusandminimus（臀中肌、臀小肌）,TFL.sartorius（缝匠肌）laterallyrotation(45)：gluteusmaximus(臀大肌),deeplateralrotators,sartorius（缝匠肌）,.,71,Moveintoasquat,Spinalposition:erectorspinae(isometriccontraction)Lumberstabilization:abdominalsHipflexion(90):throughoutpreparationphasegluteusmaximusandhamstrings(eccentriccontraction)furtherflexestomovetorsooverboxKneeflexion:quadriceps(eccentriccontraction)Ankledorsiflexion:gastrocnemiussoleus(eccentriccontraction)controltibiamovingforwardoverthefootintodorsiflexion,.,72,ReachandgrasptheobjectShoulderflexion:anteriordeltoid(三角肌前部),pectoralismajor胸大肌(clavicularportion锁骨头)midwaybetweenmedialandlateralrotation:subscapularis,infraspinatus冈下肌,teresminor,anteriordeltoidElbowextension:contractionoftricepsandelbowflexors(brachialis肱,brachioradialis肱桡,biceps),.,73,ForearminmidpositionHandpowergraspwristextension:functionalpositioncontractionbetweenwristextensorsandfingerflexorsfingersandthumbfullextensionandabduction-fullflexionandadduction(palmarinterossei)thumbflexionandabduction:flexorpolicisandpollocisadductor,.,74,LiftingphaseU/EsettoaccepttheweightisometriccontractionofmusclesactivatesinpreparationphaseTrunkextensionHipextension:concentriccontractionofgluteusmaximusandhamstringsabductionlateralrotationKneeextensionconcentriccontractionofquadriceps,.,75,Householdtasks:vacuuming,.,76,Apush-pullactivityusingU/EtoserveasthedeliveryofL/EforcesonlyU/Eipsilateral(身体同侧的)tofrontlegisuesedTandemstance:onelegaheadoftheotherProcedureweighttransferstofrontleg(kneeflexion)&pushingofffrombackleg-shoulderflexion+elbowextensionweightpushed(kneeextension)fromfrontlegtobackleg-shoulderextension+elbowflexion,.,77,Head,neckandtrunk:neutralposition,slightrotationtotheright(inthisillustration)erectorspinaeandabdominaltrunkextensionandlumbarstabilizationinuprightLtexternalabdominalobiliques+Rtinternalabdominalobliques,.,78,Pelvis:gluteusmedius(bothlegs)maintainalevelpelvisandshiftweightfromonelegtotheother,.,79,L/E:bothlegsareinabductionankleneutraltoeversionKnee:Quadricpes(股四头肌)inallphases,.,80,Pushingfo