水泵基础-ITT 水泵培训资料.ppt

PUMPSTheoryandapplication,基础,将液体提升到一定高度的机械(将电能转化成机械能),水泵培训资料(一.1）,WHATISAPUMP?水泵是甚麼?,Definedas:.amachinetotransferafluid,運送流體的機器,按用途分:空调泵.消防泵,给水泵.潜水泵.排污泵等按结构分:管道泵一般为立式单级泵,进出口处于水平面且相等端吸泵,侧进上出双吸泵(中开泵),侧进侧出直联泵泵头与电机使用同一根轴承长联轴器泵潜水泵,水泵分类1,水泵分类2,按介质分:清水泵介质清水且无温度要求热水泵介质清水温度要求90C污水泵介质污水油泵介质为油油温100C为热油泵油分轻油和重油我们的泵基本只能输送轻油化工泵介质为酸碱等化工液体按材质分:铸铁泵.不锈钢泵.青铜泵.塑料泵等按级数分:单级泵.多级泵,一.泵体,又称为泵头包括:泵壳,叶轮,机械密封，轴承密封:材质为石墨/陶瓷/碳化钨(硅)部分用途依然应该使用填料密封(如消防)二.电机,又称为马达三.其它部分如卧式长联轴器泵包括联轴器,底板等,水泵组成,CentrifugalImpellerTypes,離心泵葉輪種類,参数(1)流量(Q)单位时间内的出水量单位:吨/小时=T/h升/秒=L/s1T/h=3.6L/s(2)扬程(H)将液体提升的高度或出口的压力单位:米=M压力习惯用公斤表示1KG=1BAR=10M(3)液体介质分清水.热水.污水.油.其它化工液体,水泵只是一种习惯说法,不一定只输送水,尤其化工泵须知道液体PH值,浓度,比重,粘度等.(4)介质温度(5)承压(指水泵正常运行所能承受的最大压力),选型基本要素-1,转速(R)单位:RPM=转/分钟电机每分钟转得速度2900转电机习惯称为2级电机,1450转电机习惯称为4级电机空调泵多为噪音比较低的1450RPM,供水泵多为2900RPM电压(T)通常分三相380伏3X380V单相220伏1X220V通常只有小型水泵才有220V.水泵形式:立式或卧式材质要求:铸铁,不锈钢,青铜等是否具有自吸功能其它重要参数功率(N)单位:KW通常指电机输出功率P2赫兹:国内为50HZ国外多为60HZ防护级:IP44/54/55/68密封级:B/B3/F*气蚀余量,其他要素-1,PUMPINGSYSTEMS“CAPACITY”水泵系統“流量”,Theamountofliquidflowingthroughapumpingsystemisknownasthecapacityorflowrate流量是液體流過水泵系統的量,Typicalunitsused使用單位:m3/horm3/sl/sorl/ming.p.m.usg.p.m.,PUMPINGSYSTEMS“CAPACITY”水泵系統“流量”,PUMPINGSYSTEMS“STATICHEAD”靜揚程,ThecomponentsofStaticheadaretheelevationbetween:-thesurfaceoftheliquidatthepointofsuctionandatthepointofdischarge靜揚程是液體於進水點及出水點之距离Staticheadalsoaccountsforthepressuredifferentialbetweenthepointofsuctionandthepointofdischarge靜揚程亦說明進水點與出水點之壓差Staticheaddoesnotvarywithcapacity靜揚程不會隨著流量而改變,ITTFluid,PUMP,ToLoadingRack,DN80(3”)Pipe,6m,6m,4.5m,6m,0.6m,Inthisexamplethestatichead(Hs)isequalto靜揚程等於:4.5+0.6-3=2.1m,Hs,Example2例子2,PUMPINGSYSTEMS“STATICHEAD”靜揚程,PUMPINGSYSTEMS“DYNAMICHEAD”動揚程,Apumpmustovercometheresistanceofapumpingsysteminordertocausetheliquidtoflowcompletelythroughthesystem水泵需克服水泵系的阻力使液體流動ResistancetoliquidflowisknownasapumpingsystemsDynamicHead系統的動揚程就是對於液體流動的阻力,Pump水泵,Resistance阻力,Head揚程,ITTGroup,Dynamicheadlossesarethoselossesthatarerealisedoncefluidbeginstoflowthroughthepumpingsystem動揚程是當液體開始流動時系統的實際壓損Dynamicheadlossesareafunctionofcapacity動揚程會隨著不同流量而變化,PUMPINGSYSTEMS“DYNAMICHEAD”動揚程,Atypicalfrictionlosstableforpipingillustratesfrictionlossesasafunctionofcapacity,pipediameter,pipelengthandviscosity磨損表顯示出磨損跟流量,管道直徑,管長及黏度的關係,PUMPINGSYSTEMS“FRICTIONHEADLOSSES”磨損,ITTFluid,PUMPINGSYSTEMS“FRICTIONHEADLOSSES”压損,PUMP,ToLoadingRack,DN80(3”)Pipe,6m,6m,4.5m,6m,0.6m,6m,Hs,Example2,Inthisexamplethefrictionlosses(Dp)isequalto磨損等於:Flow流量=800l/minTwoelbows90(equivalentlength)2個相同長度90彎頭=2x1.5=3.0mPipelosses管道損失=(6+6+4.5+6)+3.0)x(10/100)=2.55mLoadingracklosses負載損失=2.8mTotalfrictionlosses總磨損=2.55+2.8=5.35m,PUMPINGSYSTEMS“TOTALDYNAMICHEAD”總揚程,Dynamicheadrepresentstheresistanceofapumpingsystemwhilethepumpedfluidisinmotion動揚程是液體流動之後系統的阻力,Staticheadistheresistanceofapumpingsystembeforetheliquidissetintomotion靜揚程是液體流動之前系統的阻力,Nowwhatwehavetodo?,Thesystemstotaldynamicheadissimply簡單地說:,StaticHead靜揚程+DynamicHead動揚程=TotalDynamicHead總揚程,PUMPINGSYSTEMS“TOTALDYNAMICHEAD”總揚程,PUMP,ToLoadingRack,DN80(3”)Pipe,6m,6m,4.5m,6m,0.6m,6m,Inthisexamplethetotaldynamichead(TDH)isequalto總揚程:Statichead靜揚程=2.1mDynamichead動揚程=5.35mTotaldynamichead總揚程=2.1+5.35=7.45m,Example2,PUMPINGSYSTEMS“TOTALDYNAMICHEAD”總揚程,ITTFluidTechnology-CommercialProductsGroup,PUMPINGSYSTEMS水泵系統其他,SystemLayoutBlueprints,Itisagoodsystemdesigntoincludesuctionanddischargevalvesinthesystem.良好的系統應有進口及出口閘閥,ITTFluidTechnology-CommercialProductsGroup,PUMPINGSYSTEMS“SYSTEMCURVE”系統曲線,ASystemCurveisagraphicalrepresentationoftheresistancebehaviour(TDH)ofapumpingsystemoveritsentirecapacityrange系統曲線是用來表示系統的總揚程跟流量的關係,Asystemcurveshows系統曲線顯示出:-thestaticheadcomponent靜揚程(thisisconstantovertheentirecapacityrange這是一個不變值)thedynamicheadcomponent動揚程(whichincreaseswithcapacity流量增加,動揚程增加),流量,揚程,畫上曲線,流量,揚程,不同葉輪直徑的性能曲線,流量,揚程,效率曲線,Thebestefficiencypoint(BEP)isthehighestefficiencypointonthecurve最佳效率點是曲線圖上最高效率的工作點,Head,Capacity,F200(8”),F150(6”),52%,62%,56%,65%,Centrifugalpumpcurvestypicallyshowhydraulicefficiencypoints離心泵性能曲線圖通常顯示出水力效率,PUMPHYDRAULICS”CENTRIFUGALPUMPCURVE”水泵水力學“離心泵性能曲線”,TypicalPerformanceCurve水泵性能曲線圖,BestEfficiencyPoint最佳效率點,P3,P2,P1,PowerRequirements功率要求,ITT,PUMPHYDRAULICS“CENTRIFUGALPUMPCURVE”性能曲線圖,Head揚程,Capacity流量,Pumpcurvestypicallyshowthe“absorbedpower”(brakehorsepower)requiredtooperatethepumpatvariouspointsalongitsHead-Capacitycurve水泵性能曲線顯示出在不同工作點上需要操作水泵的軸功率Theabsorbedpowershownonthecurveisbasedonpumpingwater(specificgravity=1.0)曲線圖上的軸功率是基於水來計算的,Q-H,F200(8”),F150(6”),Q-P,PowerinKw(bhp軸功率),PowerAbsorbedCurves軸功率曲線,TypicalPerformanceCurve水泵性能曲線圖,电动机功率的决定,全曲线不过载工作点轴功率x1.15首先要知道工作点的轴功率测试估算(流量(T/h)x扬程(m)/效率/367=轴功率(kw),NPSH氣蝕餘量,Head,Capacity,Q-H,Q-NPSHr,NPSHrinmetres(feet),PumpcurvestypicallyshowtheNetPositiveSuctionHeadRequiredtooperatethepumpateachpointalongitsHead-Capacitycurve性能曲線圖上會顯示出在工作點上操作水泵的NPSHR,PUMPHYDRAULICS”CENTRIFUGALPUMPCURVE”水泵水力學“離心泵性能曲線”,TypicalPerformanceCurve性能曲線圖,NPSHRequiredCurve氣蝕餘量曲線,PumpSelection選泵,Nowwegobacktopumpcurves,PUMPHYDRAULICS“CENTRIFUGALPUMPCURVE”性能曲線圖,Head揚程,Capacity流量,Q-H,ITT,TheNPSH-Q&Power-Qcurve