人教版初二英语过去式讲解以及练习

一般过去时【基础知识回顾】一、句子： 1、What did you do over the weekend? 2、On Saturday morning I cleaned my room. 3、How was your weekend? 4、It was great. 二、语法：一般过去时意义：一般过去时表示过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。 构成形式：主语动词be/情态动词/助动词/实义动词的过去式 要掌握一般过去时，首先要掌握动词过去式的变化规则： 1、动词be的变化： 2、助动词do的变化：dodid (注：在过去时里助动词do没有人称和数的变化) 3、实义动词的变化： 实义动词分规则变化和不规则变化。 规则动词过去式的构成：一般在动词末尾加ed。 【举例】walkwalked playplayed以不发音e结尾的动词末尾只加d 。【举例】loveloved decidedecided结尾是“辅音字母y ”的动词。先将y 变为i，再加ed 。【举例】studystudied carrycarried末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写该辅音字母，再加ed 。 【举例】stopstopped planplanned不规则变化在本单元中出现的不规则动词有以下几个： dodid gowent readreadseesaw getgotsitsat have/hashad am/iswas 4、一般过去时的几种基本句型 肯定句“主语动词过去式其他”或者“主语waswere其他”。例：I played tennis last weekend. 我上周末打网球了。My school trip was great. 我的学校郊游棒极了。 否定句在主语后面加“didnt”或“wasntwerent”。例：The girl didnt play computer games yesterday afternoon. 这个女孩昨天下午没玩电子游戏。Old Henry wasnt happy last Friday. 上星期五老亨利不高兴。 一般疑问句“在句首加was、were、did”，句子中的其他过去式的词改为原型。肯定回答为“Yes，主语did”，否定回答为“No，主语didnt”肯定回答为“Yes，主语waswere”，否定回答为“No，主语wasntwerent”。例： Did you go to the beach? 你们去海滩了吗？ Yes, we did.No, we didnt. 是的，我们去了。不，我们没有。 Was your weekend OK? 你的周末过得还行吧？ Yes, it was.No, it wasnt. 是的，还行。不，不行。【即时训练】1、_ you _ soccer over the weekend? A. Did, played B. Do, played C. Did, play D. Did, plaid 2、d you clean the room? _ A. Yes, I do B. No, I did C. Yes, I dont D .No, I didnt 特殊疑问句：b.特殊疑问词+ did + 动词原形+ 主语+其他？例：What did Li Lei do last weekend? 李雷上周末干什么了？Where were you yesterday? 你昨天在哪儿？a.特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语+ 其他？上个周末你过得怎么样？ _ _ your last weekend? 昨天他做了什么事情？ _ _ he do yesterday? 【即时训练】：对下列句子中的划线部分提问。1. I got up at nine yesterday morning. _ _ you get up yesterday morning?2. We did our homework last night. _ _ you _ last night?3. They were in the supermarket last Sunday. _ _ they last Sunday? 4. My last weekend was kind of boring. _ _ your last weekend?（二）重点句型 1、What did you do over the weekend？/last week? 你在周末/上周做了些什么？ What did she do over the weekend? 她周末干了些什么？ What did they do over the weekend? 他们/她们周末干了些什么？ 在过去时中助动词没有人称和数的变化。2、On Saturday morning, I played tennis. 在星期六上午我打了网球。 （1）介词on用来表示时间时表示特指。 e.g. on a cold morning 在一个寒冷的早晨 in the morning在早上on Sunday 在星期天 （3）play 玩，打，演奏 当要表示演奏某种乐器时，要与定冠词the连用。 e.g. play the piano, play the violin 当它与表示球类运动的名词连用时，不用定冠词。 e.g. play football, play baseball play with sb. 与一起玩耍 play with sth. 玩（东西） 3、How was your weekend? 你的周末过得怎样？ “How一般疑问句”用来询问“某物或某事怎么样？” e.g. How is your sister/study? 你的妹妹/学习怎么样？ 4、It was great! 好极了！/ 太棒了！ 例似的句子有 It was OK. 5、 “How about ?”“What about?” 怎么样？这个句型是用来询问消息、提供建议或征询意见的。因为about是介词，动词，动词要加上-ing。 e.g. How about this film? Its interesting. 这部影片如何？很有趣。 How about playing football? Good idea! 去踢足球如何？好主意！ 三、重点单词词组与短语 1、visit my uncle 拜访我叔叔 visit 参观（某地），拜访（某人） e.g. I visited the factory over the weekend. 在周末我去参观了这家工厂。 2、go shopping 去购物 gov-ing 通常用来表示去进行某项活动。 e.g. go fishing 钓鱼go swimming 去游泳 go boating 去划船 go skating 去滑冰 3、a little difficult 有一点难 a little在这里用作状语，表示程度“有一点，稍微”。 e.g. Im a little cold/hungry 我有点冷/饿。 4、have a party 举行一次聚会/晚会 have的用法有许多，除了作“有”讲外，它与不同的词搭配意义就不同： e.g. have breakfast 吃早餐have some water 喝点水 have a look 看一看 have a match 举行比赛 在学习的过程中你会遇到have的更多用法，要用心去记忆。 5、do some reading 读书，看些书 这是一个常用词组，你可以通过更换do后面的词，来表达不同的意思： e.g. do some writing 写点东西 do some washing 洗点衣服 do some cleaning 打扫卫生do some shopping 买点东西 6、watch vt. 观看，看 e.g. watch TV / a film 看电视，看电影 watch sb. do sth. 观看某人做某事 e.g. He likes watching children play. 他喜欢看孩子们玩耍。 7、spend 花费，度过 （1）spend money on sth 花钱买某物（在上花钱） e.g. I spent 5 yuan on the book. 我花了5元钱买这本书。 （2）spend e.g. I spend two hours (in) doing my homework every day. 我每天花两个小时做作业。 （3）度过 e.g. Where did you spend your weekend? 你在哪里度的周末？ 8、have a party举行一个聚会，此处的have 意为举行，进行,召开。如：have a meeting 开会 have a swim 游泳9、It was time to have lunch。该吃午饭了。= It was time for lunch。该吃午饭了。 It is time to do sth =It is time for sth 是一个非常重要的句型结构，意为该做某事，或是做某事的时候了。 It is time to read English 该读英语了。 It was time to go to the movie.去看电影的时间到了。四、文化背景，交际策略 1、英美人士周末喜爱去乡村度假，或去野营（camping）等等，周一便能精神饱满地重新开始工作。 而周一同学、同事好友再见面时，往往会询问对方周末过得如何，怎样过的。这是很常见的一个话题询问或应答时常运用以下句型： How was your weekend? 你周末过得如何？It was very great! 太棒了。或It wasnt very good. 不是太好！亦可问： What did you do over the weekend? 你在周末期间做了些什么？ I did my homework. 我做了作业。【过手训练】五、单项选择( )1、How your weekend? It great . But I tired (累)now A. was, was, am B. is , was, was C. is, is , am D. is, is , was( )2、What did you do? I . A. play tennis B. played tennis C. study science D. studyed science( )3、I think everyone their weekends. A. enjoy B. enjoys C. like D. liking( )4、It is time to school. A. to go B. go C. goes D. went( )5、Please dont your pencil in class. A. play B. played C. played with D. play with( )6、What is your father? Hes a teacher. your father? Hes a doctor. A. How is B.Where is C. What about D. What( )7、Old Henry watched Wang Wang near his house. A. walked B.walks C. walking D. walk( )8、Last month I a new song. A. write B. writes C. wrote D. to write ( ) 9、 Where you last Monday? I went to the library. A. do go B.did go C.does go D. did went( )10、Did you eat in the morning? No, I didnt eat . A. something anything B. anything anything C. something something D.anything something六、完形填空 Last month, Mr, and Mrs. Brown 1 to a big city for a day rest(休息). They 2 to go to the movies and have lunch 3 . Mrs Brown 4 happy (高兴)because she didnt like to 5 at home every day. After an action movie it was 12 6 . They wanted 7 something. They saw a restaurant. And there 8 a notice (告示)“Nice 9 for you , from 12:30 to2:30, $1.50.”“Wow! I like it .”Mrs Brown said.“I can eat for two hours(小时) for only 10 money.”( ) 1. A went B. go C. goes D. to go( )2. A. want B. wanted C. wants D.needed( )3. A. here B. there C. home D. where( )4. A. are B. is C. was D. were( )5. A. cooked B. cooks C. cook D. to cook( )6. A. day B. hours C. minute D. oclock( )7. A. eat B. to eat C. played D. to play( )8. A. am B. was C. is D. were( )9. A. lunch B. breakfast C. supper D. apples( )10. A. little B. a little C. many D.a七. 升级训练-选择填空( )1.The talk show _ really great. A. are B. is C. were D. am( )2.Tina _ her grandmother three days ago. A. visits B. is visiting C. visited D. visit( )3._ you _ soccer over the weekend? A. Did, played B. Do, played C. Did, play D. Did, plaid ( )4.He saw _ on TV. A. something terrible B. terrible something C. somethings terrible D. terrible some thing( )5.I did my homework .It was _ difficult.A. few B. a few C. little D. a little( )6.I studied _ the math test. A. on, B. at C. for D. in( )7.He enjoys _ very much. A. play the football B. playing football C. playing the football D. to play football( )8.-_ you work hard _? -Yes, I did.A. Do , all day B. Did , all day C. Do , all day D. Did , all the day( )9.When he_ young there _ not so much food for him.A. is, is B. was, is C. is , was D. was, was( )10.She likes playing _ basketball. He likes playing _ guitar.A. the, the B. a , a C. /, the D. the, /( )11.He _ his homework, he _ to the library.A. didnt do, went B. didnt did, goes C. didnt do, go D. did not , went( )12.I played soccer _ my friends _ Sunday afternoon.A. with, in B. with, on C. and, on D. and , at( )13.It was time for Old Henry _.A. go home B. went home C. to go home D. to go to home( )14.He stayed at home, _ he?A. did B. does C. doesnt D. didnt( )15.For you , its useful to do more _.A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading( .) 16.Did you clean the room? _ A. Yes, I do B. No, I did C. Yes, I dont D .No, I didnt( )17.When _ your brother born? A. was B. is C. were D. are ( )18.Is that _ interesting novel ? Yes, but it is _ difficult.A. an, a little B. a, a bit C. a, little D. an, a few( )19._ your sister _ the vacation?A. How do, spend B. How did, spend C. What do, spent D. How does, spent( )20. His father _in Beijing now. Last year he _ in Dalian. A. worked , working B. works , working C. is working, worked D. is working ,works 二补全对话 (A)A: What _1_ you do last night? You _2_ so tired. B: I _3_ to sleep very late last night.A: _4_ you out somewhere ? B :No, I _5_.A: Did you do all your homework? B: No, I _6_.A: I just want _7_ tell you we are not going to have the test today. B; Oh, no! I _8_ for it all last night.(B)A: Hi, Ann! How _9_ your weekend? B: It was _10_.A: Oh, really? What _11_ you do over the weekend? B: I _12_ a good rest and _13_ some beautiful cities.A: Where did you _14_? B: I _15_ to Wuxi and Suzhou.A: That sounds exciting! B: _16_ _17_ you? Did you have a nice weekend?A: No, I _18_. I stayed at home and did my homework.三 句型转换（20分）1.I played the guitar over the weekend.(对画线提问) What _ you _ over the weekend?2.Every week he goes to the library.(用last week 改写) _ week he _ to the library.3.Jims weekend was very great.(对环线提问) _ _ Jims weekend?4.I had a busy holiday. (变否定句) I _ _ a busy holiday.5.Tina saw an interesting talk show last night.(变一般疑问句) _ Tina_ an interesting talk show last night? 6.He did his homework after school yesterday. ( 变否定句) He _ _ his homework after school yesterday.7.My sister often reads books on Sundays.(同义句) My sister often _ some _ on Sundays.8.Did you play football yesterday? (给出肯定/否定答语) Yes, I _./No, I _.9.She cleaned the room last weekend.(变一般疑问句) _ she _ the room last weekend?10.They went to the beach last weekend ? (对画线提问) _ _ _ _ last weekend?四.完成句子（12分） 1.在假期期间你做了什么? What _ you do _ vacation?2.他们周六晚上开了个晚会. They _ a party _ Saturday evening.3.你的周末过得怎么样? _ _ your weekend?4.昨晚我没有看电视 I _ _ TV last night.5.我们每天练习说英语 We _ _ English every day.6.在星期六上午我打网球并打扫房间_Saturday morning , I _tennis and cleaned my room.动词过去式、过去分词的变化（一）、规则动词： 1、一般动词在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited 2、以“ e ”结尾的动词只在词尾加“ d ”。 live-lived-lived ,love-loveed-loved 3、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词将 y 变为 i 再加“ ed ”。 study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried 4、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ ed ”。stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped （二）、不规则变化1、AAA型，即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。（共9个） costcostcost cutcutcut hithithit hurthurthurt letletlet putputput readreadread setsetset shutshutshut 2、ABB型，即过去式、过去分词相同。（共41个） （1）过去式和过去分词都含有 -ought。（3个） bringbroughtbrought buy boughtbought thinkthought thought （2）词尾有-ild，-end时，只需把d变为t。（4个） buildbuiltbuilt lendlent lent sendsentsent spendspent spent （3）过去式、过去分词都含有 -aught。（2个） catchcaughtcaught teachtaughttaught （4）把-eep变为-ept。（3个） keepkeptkept sleepsleptslept sweep sweptswept （5）把-ell变为-old。（2个） telltoldtold sellsoldsold （6）过去式、过去分词都含有-elt或-ilt。（4个） smellsmeltsmelt spellspeltspelt feelfelt felt spillspiltspilt （7）过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。（3个） learnlearntlearnt meanmeantmeant spoilspoiltspoilt （8）过去式、过去分词词尾是d。（4个） saysaidsaid paypaidpaid laylaidlaid hearheardheard （9）改变元音字母。（11个） meetmetmet getgotgot sit