用高一被动语态PPT课件

.,1,被动语态,.,2,一、被动语态的定义：语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。当主语是谓语动作的执行者，则为主动语态（ActiveVoice）；当主语是谓语动作的承受者，则为被动语态（PassiveVoice）。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。,.,3,在被动句中有时用by-词组，有时不用。一般来说，当动作的执行者为谁不甚清楚，不甚重要或难以说出时，通常不用by。但有时为了强调动作执行者或者由于上下和结构上的需要则必须使用by词组。例如：,HamletwaswrittenbyShakespeare.哈姆雷特是莎士比亚写的。,.,4,何时使用被动语态呢？一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如：Footballisplayedallovertheworld二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如：Mybikewasstolen我的自行车被盗了。,.,5,三、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如：ItissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseandItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.众所周知Itiswellknownthat据推测说Itissupposedthat,.,6,四、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。例如：WeiHuaisaskedtocomebyLinTao魏华是被林涛叫来的。,.,7,五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：HewasborninOctober，1989六、表示礼貌时。例如：YouarefriendlyinvitedtocometoourEnglishpartyat8：00pmtomorrow敬请您明天晚上8：00光临我们的英语晚会。,.,8,二、各种时态的被动语态构成1）一般现在时：Youarerequiredtodothis.2）一般过去时：Thestorywastoldbyher.3）一般将来时：Theproblemwillbediscussedtomorrow.,.,9,4）现在进行时：Thequestionisbeingdiscussedinthemeetingroom.5）过去进行时：Thenewroadwasbeingmade.6）现在完成时：Thenovelhasbeenread.7)情态动词：Therubbishcanbeputintothedustbinoverthere.,.,10,1.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.,三、主动语态变被动语态,Shoes,aremade,(bythem),inthatfactory.,一般现在时的被动语态构成：S(主语）+am/is/are+过去分词,.,11,2.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm,Tencomputerswerebought(bythem)lastterm.一般过去时：S+was/were+过去分词,.,12,3LingFengcantakegoodcareofPolly,PollycanbetakengoodcareofbyLingFeng.情态动词：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词,.,13,4.Theywillfinishtheworkintendays.,Theworkwillbefinished(bythem)intendays.一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词,.,14,5.Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow,Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow.现在进行时：S+am/is/are+being+过去分词,.,15,6Wehavemadetwentymorekeys,Twentymorekeyshavebeenmadebyus.现在完成时：S+have/has+been+过去分词,.,16,7Iwasdoingmyhomeworkat8:00lastnight,Myhomeworkwasbeingdone(byme)at8:00lastnight.过去进行时：S+was/were+being+过去分词,.,17,Practice,.,18,1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives_forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_twiceamonth.,areused,are,cleaned,(变被动语态）,3.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor._onthefloor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_toreturnthebookintime.,Theticketwasfound,wastold,.,19,5.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He_onlytwomealsaday.6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers_tohelpthem.,wasmadetohave,canbe,used,7.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?_atthistimelasttime?8.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_ourwork_today?,Weremanytreesplanted,Mustbefinished,.,20,9.Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.1)_somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonderfulstamps_.,weweregiven,weregiven,tous,10.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.Tom_toturnonthecomputer.11.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework_bywomeninthisfactory.,wasasked,isdone,.,21,12.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike_intwodays.13.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.Thismedicine_threetimesaday.,canbemended,mustbe,taken,.,22,14.ThestudentsinthisschoolstudyGerman.German_bythestudentsinthisschool.15.Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?_thisquestionoften_about_?,isstudied,Is,talked,bythem,.,23,16.Someonemusthelpmemoveawaytheheavybag.Imust_tomoveawaythisheavybag.17.WasthewindowbrokenbyTom?（变为主动语态）_Tom_thewindow?,behelped,Didbreak,.,24,18.Thetractorwasntdrivenoutoftheroad.He_thetractoroutoftheroad.19.DoesntBobcleanthestreeteveryday?_thestreet_byBobeveryday?,didntdrive,Isntcleaned,.,25,20.Whatcantheydotofinishtheworkontime?_bythemtofinishthework?,Whatcanbe,done,21.Noneofthechildrenweremadetotrythenewmedicinebythedoctor.Thedoctor_the_thenewmedicine.,didnt,makeany,childrentry,of,.,26,Homework,.,27,将下列句子改为被动语态1Wesweeptheflooreveryday2Hegavemeabookyesterday3Thenursesweretakingcareofthesickoldman4Youcantakethebookoutofthereadingroom5Whatdotheworkersusethemachinefor？6Imadehimworktwohourseveryday7ClassOnewillplantsometreestomorrow8WehavelearnedtwothousandEnglishwords9Wefoundmanystudentsplayingfootballontheplayground.,.,28,将下列句子改为被动语态1.Thefloorissweptbyuseveryday2.Abookwasgiventomeyesterday3Thesickoldmanwastakingcareofbythenurses.4.Thebookcanbetakenoutofthereadingroom5.Whatisthemachineusedforbytheworkers？6Heismadetoworktwohourseveryday7SometreeswillbeplantedbyClassOnetomorrow8.TwothousandEnglishwordshavebeenlearned.9.Manystudentswerefoundplayingfootballontheplayground.,.,29,Homework,.,30,Translations.1.他被认为是一个天才。regard2.那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。3.这本书是1969年写成的。4.他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。5.这支钢笔已经用了几年。6.工作将于三小时后完成。7.他说这家工厂已经开张。8.这孩子必须被好好照顾。,.,31,Translations.1.他被认为是一个天才。Heisregardedasagenius.2.那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。Thebrokenbikeisbeingrepairednow.3.这本书是1969年写成的。Thisbookwaswrittenin1969.4.他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。Hetoldusthecatwasbeingwashedwhenwecalledhim.,.,32,5.这支钢笔已经用了几年。Thepenhasbeenusedforseveralyears.6.他说这家工厂已经开张。Hesaidthefactoryhadbeenopened.7.工作将于三小时后完成。Theworkwillbefinishedinthreehours.8.这孩子必须被好好照顾。Thebabymustbelookedafterwell.,.,33,再见,.,34,五、在什么情况下不能使用被动语态呢？1.表示状态的动词，如have，cost，fit，last，own，hold，become等往往不能用于被动语态。例如：【正】Theshirtfitshimverywell【误】Heisfittedverywellbytheshirt,.,35,2.祈使句一般没有被动语态。例如：【正】Lookattheblackboard，please【误】Theblackboardislookedatbyyou,.,36,3.某些及物动词的宾语表示处所、地点、组织时不能用于被动语态。例如：【正】HejoinedtheLeaguein1998【误】TheLeaguewasjoinedbyhimin1998,.,37,4.由“动词名词”构成的英语习语（如makefaces，makefriends，takeplace等）一般不可改为被动语态。例如：【正】Theboymakefacesinclass【误】FacesaremadebytheboyinclassGreatchangeshavetakenplaceinJinansincelastyear.,.,38,5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如：【正】Youmustlookafteryourself【误】Yourselfmustbelookedafter,.,39,先将主动句改为被动句，再把被动句变为一般疑问句与否定句1PeoplegrowwheatinNorthChina2Theyboughttencomputerslastterm,.,40,3Someworkersarepaintingtheclassroomsnow4Wehavemadetwentymorebeds5LingFengcantakegoodcareofPolly.6Iwasdoingmyhomeworkat8：00lastnight,.,41,一、如主动句含间宾和直宾双宾语；或含省略to的不定式作宾补，变被动时有何变化呢？UncleLilentustheboatlastweek（变被动）,WewerelenttheboatbyUncleLilastweekTheboatwaslenttousbyUncleLilastweek（加上了to，有的也加for）,.,42,Mummademeanewdress.,IwasmadeanewdressbyMum.Anewdresswasmadeformebymymother.,.,43,间宾（人）作被动句的主语，一切依旧；而直宾（物）作主语，则须在间宾前添加to或for。加to的动词多为give，send，bring，teach，show，pass，write，ask，tell等；加for的动词有make，draw，buy等。,.,44,二、Myparentsmademewateralltheseyoungtrees（变被动）,Iwasmadetowateralltheseyoungtreesbymyparents（加上了to）,.,45,这种主动句中用省to的不定式作宾补，变被动时定要加上to。这种谓语动词有feel，hear，listento，let，make，have，see，notice，lookat，watch（即常言道“一感二听三让四看见”）。,.,46,将下列句子改为主动语态1Wastheworkfinishedbyhimyesterday？2Hewasgivenapenbymeyesterday3Childrenshouldbetakengoodcareof,.,47,4Thetreesmustbeputintheholebythem5Thecarisnotbeingrepairedbyhernow6.Werethebookstakenawaybythegirl?,.,48,将下列句子改为被动语态1Wesweeptheflooreveryday2Hegavemeabookyesterday3Thenursesweretakingcareofthesickoldman4Youcantakethebookoutofthereadingroom5Whatdotheworkersusethemachinefor？6Imadehimworktwohourseveryday7ClassOnewillplantsometreestomorrow8WehavelearnedtwothousandEnglishwords9Wefoundmanystudentsplayingfootballontheplayground.,.,49,将下列句子改为被动语态1.Thefloorissweptbyuseveryday2.Abookwasgiventomeyesterday3Thesickoldmanwastakingcareofbythenurses.4.Thebookcanbetakenoutofthereadingroom.5.Whatisthemachineusedforbytheworkers？,.,50,将下列句子改为被动语态1.Thefloorissweptbyuseveryday2.Abo