外研社高一英语必修一_Module4：Grammar

Grammar,现在完成时(Presentperfecttense),现在完成时(Presentperfecttense)(一)现在完成时的基本用法：1.表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。Ihavefinishedmywork.Wehavesetupmanynewfactories.,2.动作发生在过去,强调对现在的结果、影响等。Haveyoueverseenthefilm“HarryPotter”?Ivespent3yearsinthecountryside.,3.表示动作发生在过去,并且一直持续到现在,甚至还可能继续下去,句中使用持续性动词,且常有表示一段时间的时间状语。,Wehaventseeneachotherfortenyears.IvebeenanEnglishteacherforabout20years.,4.现在完成时可以用在条件或时间状语从句中,表示将来某个时刻之前已经完成的动作。e.g.IllgohomeassoonasIhavefinishedmyhomework.Pleaselendmethatbookifyouhavefinishedreadingit.,(二)使用现在完成时的句型1)现在完成时+since+点时间状语(名词、短语、从句,其中从句用一般过去时)2)现在完成时+for+段时间状语3)It/Thisisthefirst/其他序数词/lasttime+that从句中,从句使用现在完成时。,注意:在下面的句子中,主句的谓语动词常用一般现在时：ItisthreeyearssinceIbegantoworkonthefarm.ItsalongtimesinceIsawyoulast.,现在完成时表示某一已经完成的动作对现在造成的结果或影响,强调的是现在的情况,所以不能与表示过去的时间状语连用;一般过去时只表示某一动作或状态在过去发生或存在过,与现在不发生联系,它可以与表示过去的时间状语连用。,(三)现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:,Hehasreadthatbook.(说明他现在知道那本书的内容)Hereadthatbooklastyear.(只说明他去年读过那本书)HehasgonetoAmerica.(他现在不在此地,在美国)HewenttoAmerica.(只说明他去过美国),(四)终止性动词与延续性动词：1.终止性动词:表示短暂的运动状态,不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,常用的动词有:come,go,start,begin,leave,arrive,reach,get,getup,join,marry,open,close,give,lend,borrow,finish,break,see,hear,notice,find,understand,die等。,2.延续性动词:表示长时间的运动状态,能和表示一段时间的状语连用。常用的动词有:live,study,work,teach,stay,read,play,fly,talk,rain,eat,run等,1.-Howareyoutoday?-Oh,I_asillasIdotodayforaverylongtime.A.didntfeelB.wasntfeelingC.dontfeelD.haventfelt,Exercises:,2.-_DavidandVicky_married?-Foraboutthreeyears.A.Howlonghave;beenB.Howlonghave;gotC.Howlongwere;beingD.Howlongdid;get,3.Itisthethirdtimeyou_latethisweek.A.hadarrivedB.arrivedC.havearrivedD.arearriving4.-Didyouenjoyyourholiday?-Wonderful.Itisyears_Ienjoyedmyselfsomuch.A.afterB.whenC.beforeD.since,5.WhenIwasatcollege,I_threeforeignlanguages,butI_allexceptafewwordsofeach.A.spoke;hadforgottenB.spoke;haveforgottenC.hadspoken;hadforgottenD.hadspoken;haveforgotten,6.-Where_therecorder?Icantseeitanywhere.-I_righthere.Butnowitsgone.A.didyouput;haveputB.hadyouput;wasputtingC.haveyouput;putD.wereyouputting;haveput,7.Theprice_,butIdoubtwhetheritwillremainso.A.wentdownB.willgodownC.wasgoingdownD.hasgonedown8.Theyarediscussingtheproblemthewholeafternoon,butthey_adecisionsofar.A.didntreachB.wontarriveatC.haventcometoD.allabove,9.IhaveboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Whenandwhere_you_it?A.do;buyB.did;buyC.have;boughtD.had;bought,10.Iheardthepeasantshere_verypoorinthepast.Yes,butthere_greatchangesinthepastfewyears.A.were;wereB.havebeen;havebeenC.havebeen;wereD.were;havebeen,moved,Completetheconversation.Usethepresettenseoftheverbsinbrackets,andfororsincewhereappropriate.Mike:Hi,Kate.Kate:Hi,Mike.Mike:Ihaventseenyourbrotheraroundforalongtime._he_(move)toanewneighborhood?,Has,Kate:No,he_(move)toanewcountry!He_(be)inAustralia_lastyear.Mike:Australia!Thatsgreatcountry._youever_(be)there?,hasntmoved,has,been,since,Have,been,Kate:No,I_never_(be)there,butI_(decide)togolaterthisyear.Mike:Great!_yourbrother_(send)youanyphotos_hemovedthere?,have,havede