英语语法中的专业术语的翻译.ppt

TheTranslationofProfessionalTermsinEnglishGrammar英语语法中专业术语的翻译,词类partsofspeech,实词notionalwordnounpronounverbadjectiveadverbnumeral虚词formwordarticleprepositionconjunctioninterjection,名词noun缩写n.普通名词commonnoun(集体名词collectivenoun/个体名词individualnoun物质名词materialnoun/抽象名词abstractnoun)专有名词propernoun可数名词countablenoun不可数名词uncountablenoun单数singularnumber复数pluralnumber名词的格caseofnoun主格nominativecase宾格objectivecase所有格possessivecase名词所有格thepossessivecaseofnouns,冠词article缩写art.定冠词definitearticle不定冠词indefinitearticle数词numeral缩写num.基数词cardinalnumeral序数词ordinalnumeral,连词conjunction缩写conj.并列连词coordinatingconjunction从属连词subordinatingconjunction简单连词simpleconjunction关连连词correlativeconjunction分词连词participleconjunction短语连词phrasalconjunction感叹词interjection缩写int.,代词pronoun缩写pron.人称代词personalpronoun物主代词possessivepronounnominalpossessivepronoun名词性物主代词adjectialpossessivepronoun形容词性物主代词反身代词reflexivepronoun相互代词reciprocalpronouneg:eachother指示代词demonstrativepronoun疑问代词interrogativepronoun关系代词relativepronoun不定代词indefinitepronouneg:somesomething,介词preposition缩写prep.简单介词simplepreposition复合介词compoundpreposition二重介词doublepreposition短语介词phrasalpreposition分词介词participlepreposition介词短语prepositionalphrase,形容词adjective缩写adj.比较等级degreesofcomparison原级positivedegree比较级comparativedegree最高级superlativedegree,副词adverb缩写adv.频度副词adverboffrenquency方式副词adverbofmanner时间副词adverboftime地点副词adverbofplace程度副词adverbofdegree疑问副词interrogativeadverb关系副词relativeadverb连接副词conjunctiveadverb,动词verb/缩写v.限定动词finiteverb非限定动词non-finiteformsoftheverb(动词不定式infinitive/动名词gerund/dernd/分词participle/现在分词presentparticiple过去分词pastparticiple独立结构absoluteconstruction)实义动词notionalverb连系动词linkverb情态动词modalverb助动词auxiliaryverb使役动词causativeverb感官动词verbofsenses动态动词eventverb静态动词stateverb及物动词transitiveverb不及物动词intransitiveverb规则动词regularverb不规则动词irregularverb动词短语phrasalverb,动词的基本形式principalformsoftheverb动词原形baseformoftheverb过去式pasttenseform动词regularverb不规则动词irregularverb过去分词pastparticiple现在分词presentparticiple时态tense,形式form单数形式singularform复数形式pluralform限定动词finiteverbform非限定动词non-finiteverbform,句子sentence,句子成分membersofthesentence主语subject同位语appositive谓语predicatepredikit谓语动词predicateverb表语predicativepredikeitiv定语attribute宾语objective双宾语dualobject直接宾语directobject间接宾语indirectobject复合宾语complexobject同源宾语cognateobject状语adverbial插入语parenthesis补语complement主语补足语subjectcomplement宾语补足语objectcomplement句子的独立成分independentelementsofthesentence,句子的分类classificationofthesentence简单句simplesentence并列句compoundsentence复合句complexsentence并列复合句compoundcomplexsentence陈述句declarativesentence(肯定positivesentence否定negativesentence)祈使句imperativesentence感叹句exclamatorysentence疑问句interrogativesentence一般疑问句generalquestion特殊疑问句specialquestion选择疑问句alternativequestion反义疑问句disjunctivequestion附加疑问句tagquestion修辞疑问句rhetoricalquestion感叹疑问句exclamatoryquestion存在句existentialsentence省略句ellipticalsentence基本句型basicsentencepattern,并列句和复合句compoundsentenceandcomplexsentence关联词connective从句clause从属句subordinateclause并列句coordinateclause名词从句nominalclause主语从句subjectclause宾语从句objectiveclause表语从句predicativeclause同位语从句oppositiveclause定语从句attributiveclause限制性定语从句restrictiveattributiveClause非限制性定语从句non-restrictiveattributiveClause,状语从句adverbialclause时间状语从句adverbialclauseoftime地点状语从句adverbialclauseofplace原因状语从句adverbialclauseofcause条件状语从句adverbialclauseofcondition结果状语从句adverbialclauseofresult目的状语从句adverbialclauseofpurpose方式状语从句adverbialclausemanner让步状语从句adverbialclauseconcession程度状语从句adverbialclausedegree比较状语从句adverbialclausecomparison,真实条件状语从句adverbialclauseofrealcondition非真实条件状语从句adverbialclauseofunrealcondition含蓄条件句adverbialclauseofimpliedcondition错综条件句adverbialclauseofmixedcondition,句法关系syntacticrelationship并列coordinate从属subordination修饰modification前置修饰pre-modification后置修饰post-modification限制restriction双重限制double-restriction非限制non-restriction数number单数形式singularform复数形式pluralform规则形式regularform不规则形式irregularform,格case普通格commoncase所有格possessivecase主格nominativecase宾格objectivecase性gender阳性masculine阴性feminine通性common中性neuter人称person第一人称firstperson第二人称secondperson第三人称thirdperson,时态tense,时态tense时间time方面aspect一般时态simpletense一般现在时simplepresenttense一般过去时simplepasttense一般将来时simplefuturetense一般过去将来时simplepastfuturetense进行时态progressivetense现在进行时presentprogressivetense过去进行时pastprogressivetense将来进行时futureprogressivetense过去将来进行时pastfutureprogressivetense,完成时态perfecttense现在完成时presentperfecttense过去完成时pastperfecttense将来完成时futureperfecttense完成进行时态perfectprogressivetense过去将来完成时pastfutureperfecttense现在完成进行时presentperfectprogressivetense过去完成进行时pastperfectprogressivetense时态一致sequenceoftenses,语态voice主动语态activevoice被动语态passivevoice语气mood陈述语气indicativemood祈使语气imperativemood虚拟语气subjunctivemood,否定negation否定范围scopeofnegation全部否定fullnegation局部否定partialnegation转移否定shiftofnegation,语序order自然语序naturalorder倒装语序inversion全部倒装fullinversion部分倒装partialinversion直接引语directspeech间接引语indirectspeech自由直接引语freedirectspeech自由间接引语freeindirectspeech,一致agreement主谓一致subject-predicateagreement语法一致grammaticalagreement概念一致notionalagreement就近原则principleofproximity强调emphasis重复repetition语音pronunciation语调tone升调risingtone降调fallingtone降升调falling-risingtone,词法morphology句法syntax词序wordorder形式主语formalsubject形式宾语formalobject省略ellipsis倒装inversion部分倒装partialInversion句子分析sentenceanalysis名词短语nounphrase代词短语pronominalphrase形容词短语adjectivalphrase动词短语verbphrase副词短语adverbialphrase,169.PartialInversion部分倒装170.Ellipsis省略171.TransformationofSentences句子的转换172.AnalysisofSentences句子分析173.Punctuation标点符号174.Period(FullStop)句号175.QuestionMark问号176.ExclamationMark感叹号177.Comma逗号178.Semicolon分号179.Colon冒号180.QuotationMarks引号181.Brackets括号182.AngleBrackets角括号183.Parentheses(curves)圆括号184.