电子信息专业英语.ppt

专业英语,主讲：石翠萍,Unit1科技英语基础知识Unit8DataCommunicationsUnit2ElectricalTechniqueUnit93rdGenerationMobileUnit3MicroelectronicsCommunicationsUnit4ElectronicCommunicationsUnit10ImagesandTelevisionsUnit5DigitalmodulationUnit11OpticalFiberUnit6DigitalSignalProcessingCommunicationUnit12ModernSwitchingTechnique,Unit7ISDN,Unit1科技英语基础知识,1.1科技英语的特点,复杂长句多,将其分解为适当数目的简单分句，使之简化。,例1.Theelectronbeamsweepsacrosseachlineatauniformrate,thenfliesbacktoscananotherlinedirectlybelowthepreviousoneandsoon,untilthehorizontallinesintowhichitisdesiredtobreakorsplitthepicturehavebeenscannedinthedesiredsequence.,可将其分解为：beamsweepseachline.thenfliesbacktoscananotherline.itisdesiredtobreakpictureintolinesindesiredsequence.,例2.Thetechnicalpossibilitiescouldwellexist,therefore,ofnation-wideintegratedtransmissionnetworkofhighcapacity,controlledbycomputers,interconnectedgloballybysatelliteandsubmarinecable,providingspeedyandreliablecommunicationsthroughouttheworld.,该句的骨架是：Thepossibilitiesofnetworkcouldexist.,被动语态多,科技英语为了避免主观性和个人色彩，常用被动语态。译时可译为“被”、“经过”、“受了”、“由于“等。,例3Adatabasemaybedesignedforbatchprocessing,real-timeprocessing,orin-lineprocessing.,例4Ifweconsiderbinarytransmission,thecompleteinformationaboutaparticularmessagewillalwaysbeobtainedbysimplydetectingthepresenceorabsenceofpulse.,例5Noisecanbeintroducedintotransmissionpathinmanydifferentways,perhapsviaanearbylightingstrike,thesparkingofacarignitionsystem,orthethermallow-levelnoisewithinthecommunicationequipmentitself.,Lightingstrike照明,Ignitionsystem点火系统,thermalnoise热噪声,非谓语动词多,英语语法要求，每个简单句只能有一个动词。如果有几个动作，则选出一个主要动作当谓语，其余动作用非谓语动词表示。,例6Tobeatrueprofessionalrequireslifelonglearning.,例7Heatingwaterdoesnotchangeitschemicalcomposition.,词性转换多,英语单词中有不少是多性词：既是名词，又可作动词、形容词、介词等。,如：current,adj当前的,n电流,determinant,adj确定的,n行列式,potential,adj潜在的,n电位,多是论述性问题，感情色彩淡,句子力求简单严谨，因此常用省略手法和图表表示法,词语力求短小精悍，常用复合词,文章力求层次分明，多用连接词,用词较正规，多为技术性用词,1.2词汇,词汇,普通词汇,专业词汇,缩写词汇,转义词汇,虚义词,常用专业词汇,electron,diode,transistor,field-effecttransistor(FET),oscillator,radio,anode,cathode,电子,二极管,晶体管,场效应晶体管,振荡器,无线电通信（接收装置）,阳极,阴极,triode,三极管,Ohmslaw,amplifier,microprocessor,impedance,electromagneticwave,resonantfrequency,phase-shiftkeying(PSK),modem,codec,欧姆定律,放大器,微处理器,阻抗,电磁波,共振频率,调制解调器,相移键控,编解码器,Nyquistrate,Rayleighfading,transceiver,serialdata,transmission,electromagneticcarrier,multi-access,rootmeansquare,asynchronoustransmission,奈奎斯特率,瑞利衰落,收发器,串行数据,传输,电磁载波,均方根,异步传输,多路存取的,radiofrequencies(RF),electrical-opticalconversion,opticalcarrier,analogmodulation,frequencyspectrum,radio-relaytransmission,packetswitching,fixedtelephoneservice,spectrumallocation,射频,电光转换,光载波,模拟调制,频谱,无线电中继传输,分组交换,固定电话服务,频谱分配,handover,frequencyhopped,multi-pathfading,ringnetwork,busnetwork,gateway,移交,跳频,多径衰落,环网,总线网络,网关,常用转义词汇,转义词普通含义专业含义,resistance阻力，抵抗电阻（值）,charge起诉，负责电荷；充电,relay接转，接力中继器,field田野，范围（电、磁）场,filter过滤器，漏斗滤波器,rectifier修正者整流器,regulator调整者稳压器,filp-flop后手翻触发器,常用缩写词汇,如AC,A/D，ADC,D/A等。,虚义词,例：Theelectrons,asshowninFig.5,areverylight.,如图5所示，电子非常轻。（as引导主语定语）,例：Thecurrentincreasesasthevoltagedoes.,电流随电压的增大而增大（as表示伴随）,或：电流就像电压那样增大（as表示比较）,例：Thecircuit，whileitcontainssomenonlineardevices，canbeconsideredlinear.,尽管这个电路包含一些非线性器件，但它仍可看做是线性的。（while引导让步从句）,例：Forallitsgreatsize,themachinemovesnoiselessly.,尽管体积大，但该机器的运转噪声很小。（for引导让步短语）,1.3虚拟语气,科技文写作中常用的虚拟语气形式有以下几种：,（1）条件式,1）涉及现在或将来的情况。从句用一般过去时，主句用过去将来时。,例：Iftherewerenogravitation,everythingwouldflyofftheearthintospace.,2)涉及过去的情况。从句用过去完成时，主句用过去将来完成时。,例：If，thismethodhadbeenadopted(atthattime),muchtimewouldhavebeensaved.,（2）出现在某些主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的情况。,1）在主语从句中,例：Itisdesiredthattheswitch(should)produceonlyoneclockpulseeachtimeitisclosed.,例：Itisnotnecessarythattheprimarybesuddenlyconnectedordisconnected.,2）在宾语从句中,例：Thisrequiresthatthetransistor(should)beproperlybiased.,1.4翻译的技巧,多义词的含义选择常是正确翻译的难点，需根据上下文判断。,多注意翻译中语言顺序的变换。,例：Transittimeistheprimaryfactorwhichlimitstheabilityofatransistortooperateathighfrequency.,例：Inatransistortheoutputcurrentdependsupontheinputcurrent,henceitisacurrentoperateddevice.,例：Themaindevicefailuremodeissecondarybreakdown.,译一：主要器件的失效模式是二次击穿。（错）,译二：器件的主要失效模式是二次击穿。（对）,例：Anelectricfieldcanbeproducedbyanychargespresentinspace.,译一：电场可由空间存在的任何电荷所产生。,译二：空间存在的任何电荷均会产生电场。,注意翻译中含义的引申。,例：Theproductyieldisasensitivefunctionofprocesscontrol.,直译：产品产量是过程控制的灵敏函数。,引译：产品产量与过程控制密切相关。,例：Asrubberpreventselectricityfrompassingthroughit,itisusedasinsulatingmaterial.,直译：因为橡胶阻止电通过，所以用作绝缘材料。,引申：因为橡胶不导电，所以用作绝缘材料。,1.5常用的前缀和后缀,见p16.,Anti-反、防,