积极心理学ppt课件.ppt

关于幸福心理的问题,人生的最终目的是什么？什么是幸福？你幸福吗？幸福水平可以测量吗？为什么有的人幸福，有的人不幸福？如何才能获得幸福？2002年若贝尔经济学奖获得者关于“财富的极大化与幸福的极大化”的看法,幸福的含义,哈佛大学现在最热的课程-积极心理学哈佛大学最受欢迎的人生导师塔勒本-沙哈尔幸福=意义+快乐,Thinkingabouthappiness,Remember,thesestudiesarebasedonlargenumbersofpeople.Thefindingstalkaboutgeneralpatterns.,Ingeneral,arepeoplehappy?,Yes.75%-80%ofpeopleworldwidesaytheyrehappy.Excited,proud,pleasedwithinthepastweek.,Setpointforhappiness,幸福的调整点Maybegenetic可能是遗传的Within1yearofaverypositiveorverynegativeevent,happinessreturnstopreviouslevels.在一个非常积极或非常消极的事件之后，1年之内，幸福回到从前的状态残奥会的启示,Whatisnotassociatedwithhappiness?,AgeGenderRaceWhy?,Age&SWBin16Nations,ReportofSatisfactionbyGender,Whatisnotassociatedwithhappiness?,Education（教育程度）Livinginabigcityorsmalltown生活在大城市，还是在小镇上PartofthecountrywhereyouliveWhy?,Whatisnotassociatedwithhappiness?,Wealth（财富）Wealthycountriesarenohappierthanpoorcountries.富国并不比穷国更幸福Withinanycountry,peoplewhoaremostwealthyarenotanyhappierthaneveryoneelse.在任何国家，最富裕的人，不比任何其他人更幸福Why?,Moneydoesnotbuyhappiness,Whatisassociatedwithhappiness?,Highself-esteem高自尊Why?How?自尊是人格的基石Senseofcontroloverlife对生活有控制感Why?How?Optimism乐观主义Why?How?,Whatisassociatedwithhappiness?,Extraversion外向性Why?How?HealthandFitness健康与适应Why?How?MaritalStatus婚姻状态Why?How?,ISMARRIAGEBLISS,Importanceoffamily,Rarepersonwho,ashislifedrawstoaclose,wisheshehadspentmoretimewithatwork.,Question1,Howdohappypeoplebehave?幸福的人的行为举止是怎样的呢?Whatdotheydothatmakesthemhappy?他们做了什么事，使得他们幸福呢？Toanswerthatquestion,wecanlookatsomerecentresearchstudiesonhappiness.,DienerandSeligman,2002,Acomparisonofhappypeopleandunhappypeople.比较幸福的人与不幸福的人,DienerandSeligman,2002,Participantsreportedsatisfactionwithlife生活满意度Mood心境informationaboutfriendships有关友谊的资料personalitytraits人格特质,ThentheauthorscomparedPeoplewiththehighesthappinessscores“veryhappy”andPeoplewiththelowesthappinessscores“unhappy”,Results（结果）,Veryhappypeopledifferedfromunhappypeopleinanumberofways.在许多方面，非常幸福的人不同于不幸福的人。,Veryhappypeople,Hadstrongandsatisfyinginterpersonalrelationships拥有牢固和满意的人际关系Weremoreextravertedandmoreagreeable更外向，更爽快Neverreportedfeelingecstaticorexuberantlyhappy从未报告说感觉到狂喜或者幸福非凡,Unhappypeople,Reportedfewerclosefriends,fewerromanticrelationships,andweakerfamilyrelationships.报告较少的亲密朋友，较少的浪漫关系，以及较弱的家庭关系Reportedmorenegativeemotionsthanveryhappypeople.与非常幸福的人相比，报告更多的负面情绪,Question2,Howdohappypeopledealwithrejection,ornotgettingwhattheywant?幸福的人如何处理拒绝呢？或者说，没有得到他们想要的东西时，他们怎样做的呢？,LyubomirskyandRoss,1999,TheDessertStudy“甜点研究”Participants（被试）:Rated10desserts（评估10种甜点）Learnedtheywouldreceiveadessert得知他们会收到一种甜点Ratedthedessertsagain再次评估这些甜点,Results,Happypeopleratedthedesserttheyreceivedhighly对他们收到的甜点的评估非常高alsoagreedthedessertstheyhadratedhighlybuthadnotreceivedstillsoundedgood也同意原来评估很高但没有收到的甜点还是非常不错,Results,Unhappypeoplealsoratedthedesserttheyreceivedhighly对他们收到的甜点的评估也非常高Buttheyinsultedthedessertstheyweredenied但是，他们蔑视他们得不到的甜点,TheCollegeStudy,“大学研究”Highschoolseniors（高中毕业生）evaluatedcolleges（评价大学）afterapplying（在申请之后）againafterlearningwhichcollegesacceptedthemandselectingwhichcollegetheywouldultimatelyattend.在得知哪些大学已经接受他们，以及选好他们最后就读哪所大学之后，再次评价,Results-Happystudents,Weremoresatisfiedthanunhappyoneswiththecollegestheyultimatelychose.与不幸福的学生相比，幸福的学生对他们最终选择的学校更满意,Results-Happystudents,Weremoresatisfiedthanunhappystudentswithcollegesthatacceptedthembutthattheyultimatelychosenottoattend.与不幸福的学生相比，幸福的学生对选择他们但他们最终没有就读的学校更满意,Results-Happystudents,Happystudentssharplydevaluedthecollegesthatrejectedthem!幸福的学生急剧贬低拒绝他们的大学,Results,UnhappystudentsWerelesssatisfiedthanhappystudentswiththecollegestheyultimatelychose.与幸福的学生相比，不幸福的学生对最终选择的学校满意较少Werenotaslikelytodevaluecollegesthatrejectedthem.不太贬低拒绝他们的大学,Dessertsvs.college,Notgettingadessertisasmallinstanceofrejection.没有得到一种甜点，是细小拒绝的场合Notgettingintocollegeisalargerandmorethreateninginstanceofrejection.没有进入大学，是较大拒绝和威胁性比较高的拒绝的场合,Dessertsvs.college,Soitmakessensethatpeoplewouldbehavedifferentlyinthesetwosituations.因此，有意义的是，人在这两种场合下的行为方式有所不同Beyondthat,happypeopleandunhappypeoplebehavedquitedifferently.除此以外，幸福的人与不幸福的人在行为举止上非常不同,Summary,Purposeofpositivepsychology:tostudyhappiness,strengthandvirtue积极心理学的目的：研究幸福、力量和美德Whatisnotassociatedwithhappiness:demographicvariableslikegender,age,wealthandeducation与幸福不相关的东西：人口统计学变量，如性别、年龄、财富和教育程度,Summary,Whatisassociatedwithhappiness:moreinternalvariablessuchasself-esteem,senseofcontrol,optimism,healthyrelationships与幸福相关的东西：