模块一定语从句完整课件

Attributiveclauses,Whatisattributive?,AlovelygirlSomethingnewtheboyinwhite,1.Thegirl_issittinginthechairisagoodsinger.2.Theskirt_Maryboughttwoyearsagoisold.3.Isthisthenovel_youintroducedtome?4.Whereistheboy_brokethewindow?5.Luckilynoneofthepeople_Iknowwerekilledintheearthquake.,who/that,which/that,that/which,who/that,who/whom,AttributiveClause（定语从句）概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句.被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。,HeisanEnglishteacherwholikessingingsongs.,定语从句,先行词,引导词,引导词,关系代词:whowhomthatwhichwhose,关系副词:wherewhenwhy,注意：1关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中都要充当句子成分。2当关系代词充当动词的宾语时可省略，当关系代词充当介词的宾语且介词不在关系代词之前的，关系代词也可省略。3定语从句中的谓语动词要和先行词保持一致。4定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种。5非限制性定语从句中的关系词不可以省略。,关系词的作用：1、连接作用把主句和从句连接起来2、替代作用在从句中代替在它前面的先行词3、成分作用在从句中充当一个成分,例1.Theman_gaveyouthetalkyesterdayisourteacher.,that/who,指人:that/who(主语),例2:Theboy_thenurseislookingafterismyfriend.,(who/whom/that),指人:who/whom/that(宾语,可省略),例3:Thecar_isredwasdamagedyesterday.,that/which,指物:that/which(主语),例4:Thequestion_Idontunderstandisaboutgrammar.,(that/which),指物:that/which(宾语,可省略),Titanicistheship_sankafterhittinganiceberg.,which/that,_,YeXinisanursediedinthefightagainstSARS.,anurse/dieinthefightagainstSARS,who/that,Itusedtobeasmalltown.Itisnolongerasmalltown.=Itisnolongerthesmalltownthatitusedtobe.(作表语）,Ourhometownisnolongertheone(that)itusedtobe.=Ourhometownisnotthesameasitusedtobe.=Ourhometownisdifferentfromwhatitusedtobe。=Ourhometownisnotwhatitusedtobe.,Whichwomanisateacher?Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisateacher.,1Thewomanisateacher.2Thewomanlivesnextdoor.,TheboysarefromGradeone.Theboysareplayingbasketball.,TheboysarefromGradeOne.,who/thatareplayingbasketball,Theboyswho/thatarefromGradeoneareplayingbasketball.,2.Thenurseiskind.Thenurselooksaftermysister.,Thenurseiskind.,who/thatlooksaftermysister,3.Wewatchedtheplay“Teahouse”.TheplaywaswrittenbyLaoShe.,Wewatchedtheplay“teahouse”,which/thatwaswrittenbyLaoShe.,4.Theyoungmanisafamouswriter.Yousawtheyoungmanyesterday.,Theyoungmanisafamouswriter.,whom/who/thatyousawyesterday,5.Thisisthehouse.LuXunoncelivedinthehouse.,Thisisthehouse,which/thatLuXunoncelivedin.,6.Whereisthegirl?YoutalkedwithherlastSunday.,Whereisthegirl,who/whom/thatyoutalkedwithlastSunday?,关系代词的用法：一、由who,whom,whose引导的定语从句。who用作主语，whom用作宾语，whose用作定语。whose+n.=the+n.+of+whom/whichThisisthemanwhohelpedme.ThedoctorwhomyouarelookingforisintheRoom2E,MrKingwasquicklytakentohospital.Herlegswerebadlyhurt.,Her,WeshallmakeadecisionaboutMsKing.Ihavetoldyouherstory.,her,Whichhouseismine?,房顶是棕色的房子是我的。,Thehouseismine.,whoseroofisbrown,Myhouse,Iknowthedoctor.Hisdaughterstudiesabroad.,Iknowthedoctorwhosedaughterstudiesabroad.,Haveyouseenmybook?Thebookscoverisred.,Haveyouseenmybookwhosecoverisred.,whose在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与whose后的名词为所属关系。whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与ofwhich互换使用。指人时可用ofwhom.,Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.Thisisthebookthecoverofwhichisblue.,DoyouknowthemanwhosenameisWangYu?DoyouknowthemanthenameofwhomisWangYu?Marylivesinthehousewhoseroofisred.Marylivesinthehousetheroofofwhichisred.,Yesterdayshetalkedwithonewoman_husbanddiedinthataccident.A.whichB.whoseC.ofwhichD.that,B,Who特殊情况先行词是all,everyone,one,ones,anyone且做主语时用who.Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.Onewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestotellthetruth.Everybodywhowerewillingtoseethefilmsignedtheirnameshere.先行词是those时，用who.Thosewhowanttoseethefilmsignuphere.,注意：whom,which作介词宾语时，介词一般可放在关系代词之前，也可放在原来的位置上；但是在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor.=Thisisthepersonforwhomyouarelooking.,1.Haveyoueverreadthebook_therearemanypictures?2.Theman_hehadatalkyesterdayisadoctor.3.Thegentleman_youjustspokeisourheadmaster.4.Thisisthenewbicycle_Ispentfivehundreddollars.5.Herearethetabletennisplayers,some_areouroldfriends.Theschoolhas2600students,twothirds_aregirls.,inwhich,三、由that引导的定语从句。that在从句中可以指人或物，在从句中做主语或谓语动词的宾语.但不能放在介词后面作介词的宾语。Thisistheschoolinthatyouwillstudy.()Thisistheschoolinwhichyouwillstudy.()Thisistheschool(which/that)youwillstudyin.(),注意在下面几种情况下必须用that引导定语从句。先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等。Allthatwehavetodoistopractiseeveryday.Somethingthatweheardwasofgreattruth.,先行词被序数词、thelast或形容词的最高级所修饰。ThefirstthingthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatIhaveeverseen.先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰。Ihavereadallthebooksthatyougaveme.,先行词被theonly,thevery修饰。ThisistheverypenthatIamlookingfor.HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttotalkto.先行词既有人又有物时。Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyremembered.,当句中已有who或which时，为避免重复。WhoisthemanthatistalkingtoJohn?如有两个定语从句，其中一个已经用了which，则另一个用that.Edisonbuiltafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseen.,6.当先行词为way时，定语从句的关系词可以有三种情况:that,inwhich或不填。Idontlikethewayyoutalkedtoyourmother.（choosetheonethatisnotproperforthisblank）A.thatB.whichC.inwhichD./,B,7.在Itstime句型中，后面的从句也可以看成是定语从句，通常有下面几种句型。Itis(high/about)timethat主语+过去式Itis序数词timethat主语+谓语(现在完成时)()ItishightimethatI_todothephysicshomework.A.goB.wentC.shallgoD.havegone()Itisthefirsttime_hehasbeenhere.A.thatB.whenC.atwhichD.which,B,A,8oneof+复数名词+who/which/that+复数谓语the(only)oneof+复数名词+who/which/that+单数谓语Sheisoneofthestudentswho_praisedatthemeetingyesterday.A.wasB.wereC.isD.areHeistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen,B,D,关系副词引导的定语从句：,1、由where引导的定语从句。定语从句在修饰一个表示地点的名词时,常用where引导。Abookofficeisaplacewhereticketsaresold.Where在从句中做状语，相当于一个介词短语。在本句中相当于inwhich，所以此句可以改为：Abookofficeisaplaceinwhichticketsaresold.因此定语从句中关系副词where=介词+which.,2、定语从句在修饰一个表示时间的名词时，常用when引导。Istillremembertheyearwhenwestudiedtogether.When在从句中时间状语，其作用相当于一个“介词+关系代词”,Istillremembertheyear(which/that)westudiedintogether.,Istillremembertheyearinwhichwestudiedtogether.,Thisisthehousewherehelives.,=Thisisthehouse_helives.,=Thisisthehouse_helivesin.,inwhich,(which/that),3、由why引导的定语从句。关系副词why的先行词只有reason,在从句中表示原因状语。DoyouknowthereasonwhyIleftearly?Why在从句中作原因状语，其作用相当于forwhich.,Doyouknowthereason_Ileftearly?,但如果关系词在从句中不是作状语，而是作宾语时仍用that/which.Thereason_hegaveuswasunacceptable.,forwhich,that/which,关系代词和关系副词的选用。,在定语从句中到底选用关系代词还是关系副词要看它们在从句中所充当的句子成分来决定，有时同一个先行词往往关系词却不同。,1.Thisisthefactorywhich/thatproducesTVsets.Thisisthefactorywheremyfatheronceworked.(inwhich),2.Illneverforgetthedaythat/whichwespenttogetherinthecountryside.Illneverforgetthedaywhenhishousewasbrokeninto.(onwhich),介词+关系词引导定语从句介词+关系代词引导的定语从句多用于正式文体中，这样的关系代词主要是which,whom,whose.,Thisisthehouseinwhichmygrandfatheroncelived.ThefilmofwhichImspeakingistobeshownnextweek.ThisisthemanfromwhomIlearnthenews.,注意：这类句子中的介词也可以放在从句的末尾，这时关系代词可省略。Thisistheperson(whom)youaregoingtoworkwith.,如何选用结构中的介词,根据从句中的谓语动词的搭配onwhichIspentfiveYuan.forwhichIpaidfiveYuanThisisthebookfromwhichIlearntalotinwhichtherearefewnewwordsaboutwhichTomoftentalks,根据先行词的搭配习惯thedayonwhichIjoinedtheleague.IstillrememberthedaysduringwhichIlivedinthecountry.theyearsinwhichIstayedthere.,四、as引导的定语从句:as用作关系代词和关系副词引导限制性定语从句，并在从句中做主语、表语和状语，构成thesameas,suchas等结构。Iwanttohavesuchadictionaryashehas.Ishalldoitinthesamewayasyoudid.Ilikethesamebookasyoudo.,as引导非限制性定语。在从句中做主语、表语或宾语，这个定语从句说明整个句子，可以放在主句之前、之中和之后。Theexperimentisveryimportant,asindeeditis.Asisknowntoall,hestudiesveryhard.Asweallknow,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.常用于这种类似插入语的句式有asissaidabove,asisalreadymentionedabove,asisknowntoall,asitis,asisoftenthecase,asisreportedinthenewspaper,注意：which和as的区别是：which不能放在句首，而as则可以；在句中时，as有“正如”、“就像”之意，而which没有。,下列每句均有一处错误，请找出并改正。1Theytalkedforhalfanhourofthethingsandpersonswhotheywoulddealwithafewdayslater2Whoisthemanwhowaspraisedatthemeeting？3Isthisthefarmwhereyouvisitedtheotherday？4Isthisfactorywhichyouvisitedlastweek？5Iwanttobuythesamedictionarythatyouhave,_,that,_,that,_,that,_,as,巩固练习：Finallythethiefhandedeverything_hehadstolentothepolice.WhichB.whatC.whateverD.that2.Hetoldmeall_heknew.whichB.whatC.thatD.how3.HewasveryrudetotheCustomsofficer,_ofcoursemadethingsevenworse.whoB.whomC.whatD.which,4.Istheriver_throughthattownverylarge?whichflowsB.flowsC.thatflowingD.whoseflows5.Themostimportantthing_weshouldpayattentiontoisthefirstthing_Ihavesaid.A.which;thatB.that;whichC.which;whichD.that;that6.Thesongs_shesangintheconcertyesterdaysounded_A./,beautifullyB.that,wonderfullyC.which,wellD./,nice,7.Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,_wehadntexpected.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.what8.Youmaykeepany_youfindAthatBwhichCwhatDwhom9.Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasingleperson_shecouldturnforhelp.towhomB.whoC.fromwhomD.that10.TheGreatWallisthelastplace_Mr.smithisgoingtovisitbeforeheleavesBeijing.A.whereB.whichC./D.what,11.Theystudyinasmallclassroom_floorisbrokenAwhoseBwhichCwhereDthat12.NextSundayistheonlyday_hecansparetojoinusAthatBwhichCwhenDonwhich13.Heisnttheman_heusedtobeAthatBwhomCwhoDwhich14.Pleasepassmethedictionary_coverisblackAwhichBwhichofCitsDwhose,15.Throughpracticewecanlearnalot_cannot_frombooksAwhich；belearnedBthat；learnCwhich；learnDthat；belearned,4Isthisfactorywhichyouvisitedlastweek？,Thisisfactorywhichyouvisitedlastweek.,Thisfactoryiswhichyouvisitedlastweek.,Thisisthefactorywhichyouvisitedlastweek.,Isthisthefactorywhichyouvisitedlastweek?,Thisfactoryistheonewhichyouvisitedlastweek.,Isthisfactorytheonewhichyouvisitedlastweek?,which引导的非限制性定语从句。Ihavelostmypen,whichIlikeverymuch.Shewasawardedagoldmedal,whi