英语句子成分分析详细.ppt

英语句子成分分析,Stepone:ReviewingTest:,1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.,1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.,主语,谓语,定语,宾语,同位语,状语,句子成分,定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：宾语、定语、状语、补足语、表语、同位语,主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物；句子动作的执行者,Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.TogoforatravellingtoParisismydream.Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.,（名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化的形容词）（句子）,找出句中主语,Thesunrisesintheeast.Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.Seeingisbelieving.TogoforatravellingtoParisismydream.Helikesdancing.Whatheneedsisabook.ItwasinterestingtolearnabouttheWolongReserve,（名词）,（代词）,（数词）,（动名词）,（不定式）,（句子）,(名词化的形容词）,（It形式主语，不定式才是真正主语）,谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征,简单谓语由动词或动词词组组成；放于主语后Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill.Helookedaftertwoorphans.复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shedoesntseemtolikedancing,Showyourpassport,please.Shedidntsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?,（名词）,(代词）,(数词),(名词化的形容词),(三)宾语动作的对象或承受者及物动词或介词的宾语,（不定式）,（动名词）,（句子）,宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.Hegavemesomebooks.,间接宾语,直接宾语,pleasepassmethebook.Heboughthisgirlfriendsomeflowers.,（四）表语,在系动词后的部分就是表语Thewarwasover.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Timeisprecious.Imnotquitemyselftoday.(benotoneself)Thatremainsapuzzle.Idontfeelatease.,不舒服；身体不佳,（副词）（不定式）（形容词）（反身代词）（名词）（介词短语）,系动词,1）状态系动词（be动词）（是）例如：Heisateacher.2）持续系动词（保持）keep,remain,stay,lie,stand,rest;例如：Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.他开会时总保持沉默。3）表像系动词（似乎、好像）seem,appear;例如：Heseems(tobe)tired.他好像很累。,4）感官系动词feel,smell,sound,taste,look例如：Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.这种布手感很软。注意：系动词不用于被动语态.5）变化系动词（变得）become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如：Hebecamemadafterthat.自那之后，他疯了。6）终止系动词prove,turnout,表达“证实”，“变成”之意例如：Therumorprovedfalse.这谣言证实有假。,（五）定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句,Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelmill.Thereare54studentsinourclass.DoyouknowBettyssister?Heboughtsomesleepingpills.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.,(形容词),(名词),(数词),(名词的所有格),(动名词),(现在分词),(过去分词),定语后置：如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?（定语从句）,（六）状语状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、让步、程度和伴随状语等。,Iwillbebackinawhile.(soon)(时间状)Theyareplayingontheplayground.（地点状）Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.（原因状）HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain.（结果状）,Iwaitedtoseeyou.（目的状）Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.（方式状）Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.（结果状）Pleasecallmeif(itis)necessary.（条件状）Thisbookisveryinteresting.（程度状）Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness.（让步状）,Ifoundthebookinteresting.Doyousmellsomethingburning?Hemadehimselfknowntothem.,（七）宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，跟在宾语后，说明宾语的身份、状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.+宾+宾补,Sheaskedmetolendherahand.,（八）同位语位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况,Weyoun