高等职业教育计算机英语电子教案.ppt

丛书主编凌云主编许春勤副主编赵林娟丁育萍,计算机专业英语电子教案,高等职业教育计算机技术专业贯通制教材,UNIT1TheEvolutionofComputer,UNIT2ComputerApplication,UNIT3CPU,UNIT4ComputerMemorySystem,UNIT5TheIntroductiontoMotherboard,UNIT6Input/OutputDevices,UNIT7Howtoselectapersonalcomputer,UNIT8TheCodeSystem,UNIT9ASCIICode,UNIT10BooleanalgebraandSetalgebra,UNIT11OperatingSystem,UNIT12TheIntroductiontoWindowsVista,UNIT13MicrosoftOffice,UNIT14CProgramLanguage,UNIT15Whatisobject-orientedprogramming,UNIT16OverviewofDatabase,UNIT17SQLServer2000,UNIT18Multimedia,UNIT19MultimediaTechnology,UNIT20TheIntroductiontoComputerNetwork,UNIT21LAN,UNIT22TheIntroductiontoISO/OIS,UNIT23Internet,UNIT24DomainName,UNIT25Anewkindofmaliciousnetworksoftware-Pharming,UNIT26DigitalWallets,UNIT27ElectronicCommerce,UNIT28ComputerViruses,UNIT29Thecommonmethodstodealwiththeviruses,UNIT1TheEvolutionofComputer,Object:1Whatiscomputer?2Howmanygenerationshavethecomputershave?3.Whatarethefeaturesofeachgeneration?,ThisisUNIT1Returntomainpage,1.1Whatiscomputer?,Acomputerisadevicethatacceptsinformation(intheformofdigitalizeddata)andmanipulatesitforsomeresultbasedonaprogramorsequenceofinstructionsonhowthedataistobeprocessed.Itcanaccept,store,andprocessdataandproduceoutputresults.,ThisisUNIT1Returntomainpage,1.2TheFirstComputer,ThefirstdigitalcomputerENIACwasinventedin1946.Itcontained18,000vacuumtubesandhadaspeedofseveralhundredmultiplicationsperminute,butoriginallyitsprogramwaswiredintotheprocessorandhadtobemanuallyaltered.TheinventionofENIACmarkedthebeginningofthefirstcomputerphase.,ThisisUNIT1Returntomainpage,1.3ComputersFourGenerations,computershavehadfourgenerations,whicharecharacterizedbyvacuumtubes,transistors,smallandmediumscaleICandverylargescaleintegrated(VLSI)circuitsrespectively.,ThisisUNIT1Returntomainpage,Firstgenerationcomputers,In1950,thefirstgenerationcomputers,whichusedvacuumtubescameout.Theywerelarge,costlytobuy,expensivetopowerandoftenunreliable.Buttheystillmadegreatcontributionstocomputerscience,suchastheconceptsofstoredprograms,randomaccess.,ThisisUNIT1Returntomainpage,Secondgenerationcomputers,Theuseofthetransistorincomputersinthelate1950smarkedtheadventofsmaller,faster,andmoreversatilelogicalelementsthanwerepossiblewithvacuumtubemachines.,ThisisUNIT1Returntomainpage,ThirdGenerationComputers,Lateinthe1960s,theintegratedcircuit,orIC,wasintroduced,makingitpossibleformanytransistorstobefabricatedononesiliconsubstrate,withinterconnectingwiresplatedinplace.TheICresultedinafurtherreductioninprice,size,andfailurerate.WithIC,thecomputersworksoquicklythattheyprovidethecapabilitytorunmorethanoneprogramconcurrently.,ThisisUNIT1Returntomainpage,Fourthgenerationcomputers,Themicroprocessorbecamearealityinthemid-1970swiththeintroductionofthelargescaleintegrated(LSI)circuitand,later,theverylargescaleintegrated(VLSI)circuit(microchip),withmanythousandsofinterconnectedtransistorsetchedintoasinglesiliconsubstrate.,ThisisUNIT1Returntomainpage,KeyWords,ENIAC世界上第一台计算机，由美国国防部研究开发digitalizev.数字化IC集成电路LSI大规模集成电路siliconn.硅VLSI超大规模集成电路,ThisisUNIT1Returntomainpage,PhrasesandExpressions,baseon根据，基于comeout分解为makecontributionsto为作贡献vacuumtube真空管，电子管,ThisisUNIT1Returntomainpage,Exercises(1),1.FillintheblanksaccordingtothetextAcomputerisathatacceptsandmanipulatesitforsomeresultbasedonaorsequenceofonhowthedataistobe.Itcan、anddataandoutputresults.Infact,computershavehadgenerations,whicharecharacterizedby,andrespectivelyTheICresultedinafurtherreductionin,and.,ThisisUNIT1Returntomainpage,Exercises(2),2.Decidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalseaccordingtothetext:Thecomputercanonlyacceptandstoredata.ThefirstdigitalcomputerENIACwasinventedin1946.Computershavehadthreegenerations.WithIC,thecomputersworksoquicklythattheyprovidethecapabilitytorunmorethanoneprogramconcurrently.,ThisisUNIT1Returntomainpage,UNIT2ComputerApplication,Object1Whatcanwedowiththecomputer?2Whataretheapplicationsofthecomputer?,ThisisUNIT2Returntomainpage,ComputerApplicationOurGoodFriend,Inthemodernwork,studyandlife,Wealwaysneedourcommongoodfriendcomputer.Wecanusecomputertodrawupdocuments,managedata,designblueprints,typepapersandsoon.Furthermore,thecomputeristhemostobedientanddiligent“house-keeper”or“servant”ofus.,ThisisUNIT2Returntomainpage,ComputerApplication-OfficeAutomation（AI）,ThemajorfunctionsoftheOAsystemincludetextprocessing,electronicmail,informationstorageandretrieval,taskmanagementandetc.Today,therehavebeenmanyOAsystems:forexample,desktoppublishing,videoconferenceandsoon.So,manyofficeworkerscaneasilyfindtheinformationtheywantthroughapersonalcomputersittingonhis/herdesk.,ThisisUnit2Returntomainpage,ComputerApplication-ArtificialIntelligence,Formanyyears,researchershavebeenexploringthewaypeoplethinkinhopesofcreatingacomputerthatthinkslikeaperson.ThisiscalledArtificialIntelligence(AI).AIaimsatproducingacomputersystemthatwillbeabletocommunicatewithusbyspeechandhearing,andbecapableofsolvingintelligentproblems.,ThisisUNIT2Returntomainpage,ComputerApplication-ComputerAidedInstruction,ComputerAidedInstruction(CAI)isaneducationalconceptthatplacesthestudentinaconversationmodewithacomputerthathasapreprogrammedstudyplan.CAIlessonsaredesignedtomeetinstructionalobjectives,toadapttotheneedsofindividuallearners,tobeeasilyimplementedinaspecifiededucationalenvironment,andtopleaselearnersandteachers.,ThisisUnit2Returntomainpage,ComputerApplication-ExpertSystem,Anexpertsystemisasoftwaresystemhavingsomedomainknowledge,whichcansolvesomeproblemsforpeople.Itsperformancedependsonthefactsandtherulesthatarefedintothecomputer.Withexpertsystemwecansolvespecialproblemsofspecialdomain,forexample,inmedicine,industryandsoon.Wecanusesuchasysteminsteadofgoingtotherealexpert,sowecansavemoneyandtime.,ThisisUnit2Returntomainpage,ComputerApplication-Entertainment,Entertainmentconsistsofgames,movies,songsandsoon.Youcanplaygamesathomethroughyourpersonalcomputer,andsearchforordownloadyourfavoritemoviesorsongs.,ThisisUnit2Returntomainpage,KeyWords,AIArtificialIntelligence的缩写，意为：人工智能CAIComputerAidedInstruction的缩写，意为：计算机辅助教学OAOfficeAutomation的缩写，意为：办公自动化,ThisisUnit2Returntomainpage,Exercises(1),1.FillintheblanksaccordingtothetextThemajorfunctionsoftheOAsysteminclude,electronicmail,informationandretrieval,taskandetc.Formanyyears,havebeenexploringthewaypeoplethinkinhopesofcreatingathatthinkslikeaperson.Thisissocalled.Itsperformancedependsontheandthethatarefedintothecomputer.Youcanplaygamesathomethroughyour,andordownloadyourfavoritemoviesorsongs.,ThisisUnit2Returntomainpage,Exercise(2),2.Decidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalseaccordingtothetext:Thecomputerisourgoodfriend.Anexpertsystemisasoftwareusingincertaindomain.AImeansthatweusingthecomputerlikeaperson.,ThisisUnit2Returntomainpage,Unit3CPU,Objects:1WhatisCPU?2ThecomponentofCPUandtheintroductionofeachcomponent3.ThecontentofCPU,ThisisUnit3Returntomainpage,1.WhatisCPU?,CentralProcessingUnit(CPU):thebrainsofthePC,wherethedatawasprocessed.Itisdeterminantsaboutonecomputersperformanceandprice.CPUinternalstructurecanbedividedintocalculator,controller,memoryandclocksuchmajorparts.ButweusuallysaythatCPUiscomposedofcalculatorandcontroller.,ThisisUnit3Returntomainpage,2.Theintroductionofeachcomponent(1),(1)CalculatorCalculatoristhecenterofacomputersdataprocessing,mainlycomposedofALU(arithmeticlogicunit),GeneralRegisterGroupandSpecialRegister.,ThisisUnit3Returntomainpage,2.Theintroductionofeachcomponent(2),(2)ControllerControllerisnotonlynecessarytoensurethecorrectimplementationprocedures,butshouldbeabletohandleunusualevent.ControllergenerallyincludesInstructionController,SequencerController,BusControllerandInterruptController.,ThisisUnit3Returntomainpage,3.ThecontentofCPU,Fetchinstruction:fetchaninstructionfrommemoryunderaneedfortheimplementation;Decodeinstruction:Decodingtheinstructionstodeterminetheneedtoimplementtheoperation;Fetchdata:fetchdatafrommemoryorI/Oportaccordingtotheinstruction;Processdata:doeitherarithmeticorlogicoperationtothedataaccordingtotheinstruction;Storedata:storetheresultsandsavethembacktomemoryorI/Odevices.,ThisisUnit3Returntomainpage,Keywords,ALU(arithmeticlogicunit)算术逻辑部件calculatorn.计算器，计算者decodevt.译解（密码）interruptvt.vi.阻断，中断priorityn.先，优先权,ThisisUnit3Returntomainpage,Exercises(1),1.FillintheblanksaccordingtothetextCPUisanacronymfor.Itisusuallyconsistsofand.ALUmainlyisusedtocompletethe,andvariouswiththeinformation.ThecontentofCPUincludes,and.,ThisisUnit3Returntomainpage,Exercises(2),2.Decidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalseaccordingtothetext:WhetheracomputerispowerfuldependsonitsCPUsclockspeed.Calculatorisjusttodothedataprocessing,buthowtodoitisdependsonthecontroller.,ThisisUnit3Returntomainpage,UNIT4ComputerMemorySystem,Object1Whatiscomputermemorysystem?2Whatreinternalmemoryandexternalmemory,andthedifferencebetweenthem?,ThisisUnit4Returntomainpage,VariousComputerMemorySystem,mainmemoryintheinternalCPUregisters,andfortheCU（ControlUnit）controlmemory;Internalmemory-canbedirectlyaccessedbytheprocessor,sometimesreferredtotheprimarymemory.ExternalmemorydatacanbehandledbytheprocessorthroughI/O（Input/Output）System,alsoknownasauxiliarymemory,sometimesreferredtosecondarymemory.,ThisisUnit4Returntomainpage,PrimaryMemory(1),ThisisUnit4Returntomainpage,PrimaryMemory(2),（1）RAM(randomaccessmemory)RAMcanalsobewritteninorreadout,butitcanonlybeusedfortemporarydata.Itcanbedividedintotwotypes:DRAMandSRAM.(2)ROM(Readonlymemory)theinformationhasbeensolidifiedinthememorybymanufacturersusingmasktechnology,anditcanonlybereadout,couldnotberewritten.,ThisisUnit4Returntomainpage,PrimaryMemory(3),（3）PROM(programmableROM)ProgrammableROM,theusercanwriteinformationinitbyusingsomespecialelectronicequipment,butjustonetime.（4）EPROM(erasablePROM)PROMcanbeerased,thecontentsofwhichcanbereadout,canalsobewrittenin.However,inawriteoperationmustbeusedbeforeUVirradiation15-20minutestoremovealltheinformation,thensomespecialelectronicequipmenttowritein,Itcouldbewrittenmanytimes.（5）EEPROM(electricallyEPROM)CanbeerasedPROM,EPROMsimilar,canreadcanalsowrite.Butthetimerequiredforreadoperationsislessthanthetimerequiredforwriteoperation.（6）FM(flashmemory)FlashmemoryisreplacingtraditionalEPROMandEEPROMnon-volatilememory.,ThisisUnit4Returntomainpage,SecondaryMemory,Secondarymemoryusedmainlyforstorageofthecurrentusedoesnotneedtheinformationimmediately.Itsbiggestcharacteristicsarethelargecapacity,highreliabilityandlowprice.Therearemainlytwokindsofit:magneticandopticalmemory.,ThisisUnit4Returntomainpage,KEYWORDS,auxiliaryadj.辅助的n.辅助者，助手beamn.光线，无线电光速vt.发光，放光buffern.缓冲器，缓冲者lasern.激光magneticadj.磁的，有磁性的，medianadj.中央的，中部的，（数）中位数，中线memoryn.内存，存储器opticaladj.光的，光学的randomn.目标adj.任意的registern.记录，寄存器vi.vt.记录，登记,ThisisUnit4Returntomainpage,Exercises(1),1.FillintheblanksaccordingtothetextAsmallsectionofthemainmemory,whichisusedforholdingpermanentlystoreddataandonlyallowsreadaccessbytheCPUiscalled.ROMandRAMaretheacronymsforandrespectively.Mainmemoryonthecomputerisusedtostoreinformation(temporarily,permanently).,ThisisUnit4Returntomainpage,Exercises(2),2.Decidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalseaccordingtothetext:RAMdoesntloseitscontentswhenyouturnoffthecomputer.Comparedwiththemainmemory,thesecondarymemoryhasthefollowingadvantages:accurate,inexpensive,high-capacityandnon-volatile.,ThisisUnit4Returntomainpage,UNIT5TheIntroductiontomotherboard,Object1Whatismotherboard?2Theclassificationofmotherboard3Hardwarethatconnectedtothemotherboard,ThisisUnit5Returntomainpage,Introduction,MainBoard,alsoknownasthemotherboard,PlateSystem(SystemBoard).Itisinstalledinthechassis.Itisalsooneofthemostimportantcomponentsofacomputer.MainBoardisgenerallyrectangularcircuitboard.IftheCPUworksasthebrainofacomputer,thentheMainBoardisthebodyofacomputer.,ThisisUnit5Returntomainpage,Theclassificationofmotherboard(1),1.AccordingtotheCPU:386motherboard,486motherboard,Pentium(586)motherboard,High-energyPentium(PentiumPro,or686)motherboard.BasedontheCPU-boardintegrationisthebetterchoice.,ThisisUnit5Returntomainpage,Theclassificationofmotherboard(2),2.AccordingtoI/OBustype:ISA:IndustryStandardArchitectureEISA:ExtensionIndustryStandardArchitectureMCA:MicroChannelFurthermore,inordertosolvethebottleneckproblembetweenthehigh-speedCPUandslow-speedperipherals,thereweretwolocalbuses.Theyare:VESA(VideoElectronicStandardsAssociation)andPCI(PeripheralComponentInterconnect).,ThisisUnit5Returntomainpage,Theclassificationofmotherboard(3),3.AccordingtothestructureAT:TheIBMPC/Amachinenamedfirstuse,andsome486,586MainBoardalsoadoptedATlayout.BabyAT:BabyATwasnamedbecausesizeofthemainboardissmallerthanAT.Manyoftheoriginalbrandmachineintegrationfirstusedthisstructure.ATX:ATXimprovedATmotherboard,ThisisUnit5Returntomainpage,Theclassificationofmotherboard(4),4.TheotherclassificationPCBbytheclassificationprocesscanbedividedintoatwo-tierboardstructure,thefour-storeystructureplate,andasix-storeystructureplate.Currentlyweusethefour-storeystructureplate.,ThisisUnit5Returntomainpage,Hardwarethatconnectedtothemotherboard,MainBoardisusuallycomposedofaCPUslot,anAGPslot,oneCNRslot,fivePCIslot,threeDIMMslots,2IDEinterface,afloppydriveinterface,twoserialport,oneparallelport,aPS/2keyboardinterface,PS1/2mouseinterface,twoUSBinterface,erasableBIOScontrolchipsetsandothercomponents.,ThisisUnit5Returntomainpage,KeyWords,architecturen.建筑学，建筑风格bottleneckn.瓶颈，障碍chassisn.机箱integrationn.结合；（心）综合，整合；（数）积分layoutn.设计，布置，版面安排peripheraladj.外围的，边缘的，肤浅的；（计）外围设备的slotn.槽沟，狭缝，位置vt.安置，放入狭缝socketn.承物的凹出，插座，孔consistof同becomposedof，表示由组成,ThisisUnit5Returntomainpage,Exercises(1),1.FillintheblanksaccordingtothetextMotherboardconsistsofmanycomponents,suchas,andsoon.isresponsiblefortheMainBoardofexternallinkanyexternalinterfacecards,suchasgraphics,soundcardandsoon.BIOSisanacronymfor.,ThisisUnit5Returntomainpage,Exercises(2),2.Decidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalseaccordingtothetext:YoucanattachafloppydiskcabledirectlytoaIDEinterface.Motherboardisthemaincircuitboardcontainingtheprimarycomponentsofacomputersystem.,ThisisUnit5Returntomainpage,UNIT6Input/OutputDevices,Object1Inputdevices2Outputdevices3SomecommontermsaboutI/Odevices,ThisisUnit6Returntomainpage,Inputdevices,Inputdeviceisadevicewhichletspeopleorsomeexternalequipmentinteractingwithacomputer.Nowthecomputercanreceiveawiderangeofdata,canbenumericaldata,canalsobeavarietyofnon-numericaldata,suchasgraphics,imagesandsoon.,ThisisUnit6Returntomainpage,TheCategoriesofInputdevice,Charactersimportedequipment:keyboard;Opticalreadingdevice:opticalmarkreader,opticalcharacterreader;Graphicsinputdevice:mouse,joystick,lightpen;Imagesimportedequipment:camera,scanner,facsimilemachine;,ThisisUnit6Returntomainpage,Outputdevices,Outputdeviceisadeviceforoutputtingdata.Itcanoutputvariousdataorinformationsuchasthenumberofcharacters,images,soundandotherformsvoiced.Commonaremonitors,printers,plotters,videooutputsystems,voiceoutputsystemsandsoon.Monitorisanessentialoutputdeviceforeachcomputer.Itcanbecathoderaytube(CRT)monitor,LCDorplasmamonitor.Wewillintroducetheminthereadingmaterial.,ThisisUnit6Returntomainpage,SomecommontermsaboutI/Odevices(1),(1)PixelpitchPixelisthesmallestunittoadigitalimage,whichisapointofcolor.Pixelpitchreferstothedistancebetweentwoadjacentpoints.(2)BandwidthBandwidthreferstothelargesttotalnumberofpixelsthatanelectronicgunscansonthescreenpersecond.ItsunitisMHz(megahertz).,ThisisUnit6Returntomainpage,SomecommontermsaboutI/Odevices(2),(3)HorizontalscanfrequencyItisalsoknownasthehorizontalrefreshrate,referstotheelectronicgunscansthescreenhorizontallyinthequantitypersecond,itsvalueisequivalenttoverticalscanningfrequency1.04verticalresolution,useKHz(kilohertz)asitsunit.(4)VerticalscanningfrequencyVerticalscanningfrequencyisalsocalledrefreshrate,isthenumberthatrefreshthescreenpersecond.ItsunitisHz(Hertz).,ThisisUnit6Returntomainpage,SomecommontermsaboutI/Odevices(3),(5)ResolutionWeusuallyseearesolutionintheformofmultiplication,suchas1024768,here1024meansthenumberofpointinhorizontaldirectiononthescreenand768meansthenumberofpointinverticaldirection.Clearly,resolutioniscomposedofthenumberofpixel,thevalueislager,theimagewillbeclearer.Resolutionshowsnotonlythesizebutalsobythetubegames,videobandwidthandotherfactors.,ThisisUnit6Returntomainpage,KeyWords,bandwidthn.带宽，频带宽度horizontaladj.水平的，横的joystickn.操纵杆kilohertzn.千赫matrixn.矩阵megahertzn.兆赫photoelectricadj.光电的，光电效应的pitchn.距离pixeln.像素plottern.绘图仪resolutionn.（显示器的）分辨率，解决tuben.电子管，真空管CRT(cathoderaytube)阴极射线管LCD液晶显示器,ThisisUnit6Returntomainpage,Exercises(1),1.FillintheblanksaccordingtothetextThekeyboardhas,andsoon.Therearemanyoutputdevices,themostcommonareand.isthesmallestunittoadigitalimage.,ThisisUnit6Returntomainpage,Exercises(2),2.Decidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalseaccordingtothetext:Keyboardandmousearebothcharactersimportedequipment.Verticalscanningfrequencyisthenumberthatrefreshthescreenpersecond.ItsunitisKHz.TheI/Odevicesarebothimportanttoacomputersystem.,ThisisUnit6Returntomainpage,UNIT7Howtoselectapersonalcomputer,ObjectHowtoselectapersonalcomputer?Ifyouwanttoknowhowtoselectapersonalcomputerandwheretomakethepurchase,Readthistextthenyoumaygetsomesuggestions.,ThisisUnit7Returntomainpage,Threefactorsareessentialtoconsider,Youwanttousethecomputertodowhat.Yourpersonalcomputerspower,whichmeansthecomputersspeedandmemory.Youwanttospendhowmuchmoneyonit.,ThisisUnit7Returntomainpage,Youwanttousethecomputertodowhat.,Youwanttouseyourcomputertodosometaskaswordprocessingprimarily,oryouwanttouseittodosomeentertainmentasplaycomputergames?”Untilyouknowwhatsyourprimarilyneed,youcandosomeresearchonthesoftwareavailableformicrocomputersanddecidewhatprogramsyouwanttousethecomputerfor.,ThisisUnit7Returntomainpage,Yourpersonalcomputerspower,Onceyouknowwhatprogramyouwanttorun,thenyoucanlimityourconsiderationtohardwaresystemswhichcanexecuteyoursoftwareyouneed.Youllneedasystemthatisfastenough,hasenoughmemory,andhasversionsofyourchosenprogramsspecificallydesignedforit.,ThisisUnit7Returntomainpage,Youwanttospendhowmuchmoneyonit.,Finally,ofcourse,isyourbudget.Whichcomput