链式输送机英文翻译

链式输送机的张紧装置摘要: 介绍了链式输送机通用的3 种张紧装置, 论述了其性能、结构、特点、适用范围及设计要点。关键词: 链式输送机张紧装置性能结构设计链式输送机以链条作为承载和牵引构件完成物料的输送工作。链条属于挠性牵引构件, 其特点是承载能力强, 承受载荷时伸长量小; 能够绕过直径较小的链轮、导轮、滑轮及尾轮; 能够十分方便地在其上固定各种输送元件。它与另一类挠性牵引构件输送带一样, 都需要有张紧调节装置, 否则输送机无法正常工作。因此, 张紧装置是链式输送机不可缺少的重要组成部分。其通常设置在输送机。1.张紧装置的作用(1) 链条装入输送机后, 在未被张紧的情况下是松弛的, 无法正常工作, 只有使其获得一定的预张紧力(即初张力) , 才能使输送机正常运行。(2) 通常输送机的尾轮都是被动轮, 靠与链条之间的摩擦力使其旋转。只有通过张紧装置才能使牵引构件与尾轮之间产生足够大的摩擦力带动尾轮转动, 这对于光轮面及带槽光轮面的尾轮尤为重要。(3) 链条节距因磨损而逐渐变大, 链条会逐渐伸长, 张紧装置可补偿由此带来的伸长量, 保持牵引构件的正常工作状态。(4) 牵引构件在适当张紧的情况下, 才可减小悬垂度, 减少与壳体之间的摩擦。也有利于链条与头轮的啮合及脱链。(5) 具有一定自动张紧作用的张紧装置, 能对牵引构件因张力变化而引起的微小伸长或缩短进行随机的自动调节, 可起到均载的作用。(6) 张紧装置是安装和拆卸所必须的, 牵引构件是在未张紧的情况下装入输送机, 装入后, 可以通过张紧装置检查链条长度是否合适, 是否需要增减; 拆卸牵引构件时, 应将张紧装置完全放松, 否则拆卸工作将很难进行。2.张紧装置的种类、特点及适用范围链式输送机的张紧装置有螺杆式、弹簧螺杆式、重锤小车式、液压式4 种。其中液压式很少使用, 本文主要介绍应用较多的前3 种张紧装置。2.1螺杆式张紧装置见图1 , 在尾部2 侧各配备1 对螺杆、螺母,采用T 型螺纹, 人工旋转螺杆实现张紧调节。它有2 种运动方式: 一种是螺母固定, 螺杆旋转并前后移动; 另一种是螺杆只旋转不移动, 螺母前后移动实现调节功能。按螺杆的受力方向, 第一种方式又有螺杆受压或受拉2 种形式。目前, 我国链式输送机的螺杆式张紧装置以螺杆受压式的居多。螺杆式张紧装置的优点是外形尺寸小, 结构简单、紧凑, 调节比较方便、可靠。缺点是偶尔过载时, 没有自动调节功能; 张紧时尾部2 侧的螺杆需分别进行操作, 较难保持同步运行, 必须在2 侧交替拧动螺杆, 且每次的调节量要加以控制方能保证同步。此外, 由于输送机的牵引构件的张力在运行中不是恒定不变的, 随着链条的磨损, 其长度会逐渐伸长, 因此需定期进行检查和调整, 若调节不当, 可能会出现“过张紧”或“过放松”的现象。尽管如此, 这种形式的张紧装置仍然得到了比较广泛的应用。螺杆式张紧装置主要适用于输送距离不长、载荷不大、速度不高、物料温度为常温的各种链式输送机。图1c 所示的螺母移动式用于尾部位置狭小,螺杆移动不便, 调节行程较大的情况。图1a 和b可根据需要任选, 其中螺杆受拉式的性能优于螺杆受压式的, 因其螺杆头部伸出在尾部末端之外, 设计中只需加上1 对链轮和1 根链条, 便可方便地实现同步调节(拧动其中1 根螺杆, 2 侧螺杆可同时移动, 保证同步) 。通常, 选用螺杆受拉式较多。2.2弹簧螺杆式张紧装置在图1a 所示的螺杆受压式张紧装置中加入1个压缩弹簧, 便构成了弹簧螺杆式张紧装置(见图2) 。压缩弹簧应在尾轮轴承座与螺杆之间, 即螺杆不直接与轴承座连接, 而是在中间加进1 个弹簧。拧动螺杆时, 通过弹簧将作用力传到尾轮轴承座上带动尾轮移动。在此, 螺杆是粗调, 弹簧是微调整, 固定螺母的位置和作用与螺杆式张紧装置相同。因受结构限制, 其他形式的螺杆式张紧装置不能设计成弹簧螺杆式。弹簧螺杆式张紧装置的优点是可实现一定范围内的微调, 由于弹簧的弹性, 在牵引构件的张力发生变化时, 弹簧或拉伸、或压缩, 可使牵引构件始终处在一种合理的张紧状态, 这一功能是螺杆式张紧装置无法实现的。在链式输送机的运行中, 受载荷不均等各种条件的影响, 牵引构件的张力发生一定变化的情况经常发生, 与螺杆式相比, 弹簧螺杆式张紧装置更能适应输送机的这种工作状态, 因而更加合理。其缺点是结构较复杂, 弹簧的选择必须合理, 刚性太大或太小均不能起到应有的作用; 由于加入了1 个较大的弹簧, 会使尾部长度增加, 重量也随之加大。这种形式的张紧装置主要适用于输送距离较长、载荷较大、速度中速以上、物料温度高于常温的场合。工作中牵引构件的张力会随着工况改变或偶然因素发生一些变化, 需要张紧装置对此作出随机反应, 张力增加时, 弹簧略压缩, 使行程减小;张力减少时, 弹簧略伸长, 使行程加大, 以确保链条与尾轮之间始终有足够大的摩擦力, 保证输送机的正常工作。弹簧螺杆式张紧装置能较好地实现这种功能, 而单纯螺杆式则无法满足这一要求。使用螺杆式张紧装置的地方均可用弹簧螺杆式张紧装置来取代, 但反之则不行, 这一点在设计和应用中要注意。这种张紧装置的最大好处是变刚性张紧为柔性张紧, 它能保证张力的恒定, 可自动补偿由于温度变化、链条的伸长及链条磨损带来的牵引构件长度的变化, 同时还能在偶然过载时降低链条的尖峰负荷值。其操作简单, 只要调整好重锤的重量, 便几乎不需人工操作, 省去了上面2 种张紧装置需经常要人工调节的麻烦。缺点是机构较庞大, 结构较复杂, 2 侧需设轨道, 占据的空间较大。小车重锤式张紧装置主要应用于输送距离长、载荷大、链速高、张紧行程较大、引起牵引构件张力变化的因素较多的情况, 特别适用于输送温度较高的物料。由于物料温度高、变化大, 链条受热胀冷缩的影响, 长度的改变量较大且无规律, 张紧装置必须具有自动张紧和放松的功能才能适应这种要求。若尾部可设置在地坑里, 应选用图3b 所示的地下式; 反之则选用图3a 所示的地上式, 但要比前者多用1 个(有时是2 个) 改向轮。与前2 种张紧装置相比, 虽然这种形式的优点更多, 但因其结构较复杂, 造价高, 占地大, 故使用相对较少。3.张紧行程的合理使用在安装调试和使用中, 要注意张紧行程的合理使用问题, 否则, 张紧行程可能不够用。安装时, 应先将螺杆旋出, 让尾轮处在张紧行程的起始端, 然后装入牵引构件, 链条全部装入后, 调节张紧装置, 使链条适度张紧并获得初张力, 输送机可以正常工作, 此时检查张紧行程的使用量, 应使已使用的行程不大于全部行程的一半,可用公式表示为：S1 S/ 2 式中S1 首次张紧已使用的行程量,mm S 张紧行程总值, mm这样才能保证在今后的工作中, 有足够的张紧量可用。如果首次张紧时使用的行程量超过了上述规定, 则应重新恢复到原始状态, 将链条卸下1 节(模锻和双板链) 或1 对(套筒滚子链) , 再进行安装调整, 便可达到要求。4.小车重锤式张紧装置设计要求以上介绍的设计要点都是针对螺杆式或弹簧螺杆式张紧装置而言的, 小车重锤式张紧装置的设计与之有较大的区别, 其主要要求是:(1) 尽量或优先选用地上式。(2) 张紧行程要加大, 一般可比表1 所列数值大23 倍, 如t = 200 mm 时, S = 315 mm , 而对于小车重锤式, S 应为630945 mm , 可取S = 800mm。(3) 小车运行的导轨可采用轻轨, 其长度应保证尾部在导轨上可运行的距离大于S 。(4) 重锤离地不要太高, 在5001 000 mm 之间为宜, 以确保安全。如重锤位于人行通道中, 应考虑安全措施。(5) 重锤的重量及数量根据计算确定, 单个重锤可按100 kg、50 kg、25 kg 3 种规格制造, 要求外形一致, 长、宽(或直径) 相同, 仅厚度不同, 使安装和拆卸方便。(6) 若必须采用地下式, 则应在地坑内考虑通风降温、防水防尘、照明及排水等措施, 并应留出清理和检修空间。(7) 张紧行程合理利用的要求及调整方法与前述相同。参考文献(1) 刘光第. 链式输送机的设计问题. 化工起重运输设计,1992(2) 石国祥, 余汪洋. 刮板与埋刮板输送机. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 1991(3) 运输机械设计选用手册编委会. 运输机械设计选用手册. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 1999(4) 王鹰. 连续输送机械设计手册. 北京: 中国铁道出版社, 2001Tensioning device of Chain conveyorAbstract : This paper presents the performance , structure , features , application and design of three common types of chain conveyor tensioning devices.Key words : Chain conveyor Tensioning device Performance Structure DesignThe chain type transports the machine with the chain a conduct and actions loading with lead the organization completes the material of transport the work.The chain belongs to the gentle lead organization , its characteristics is to loads the ability strong, bear to negative heavy the hour the amount of elongation small; can round the diameter smaller chain round, lead round, pulley and tail round; can is above it to fix very and expediently every kind of transport a piece.It leads with another gentle lead the organization and belt conveyer is similar, all needing to bring to the stretch to regulate the device, transporting otherwise machine cant normal work. therefore, bring to the stretch the device is a chain type to transport the indispensable importance in machine constitutes the part. its usually establishes at transport the machine.1.The function tensioning device(1)The chain packs in to transport the machine empress, ising flabby under the situation of diding not is brought to the stretch, cant normal work, only make its winning prepared to bring to the stretch the dint( namely early tension) certainly, then can make transport the normal movement in machine.(2)Usually transport the tail a friction for is all passive round, depending with chain an of the machine make its revolve.Only passing to bring to the stretch device then can make lead a friction for ising enough and big with tail a creation arouses the tail rotates to move, this for light an and take the tail round of the slot light an is particularly for importance.(3) the chain a stanza is apart from to become gradually big because of wear and tear, the chain an elongation for would gradually elongation, bringing to the stretch device can compensating from here bringing measures, the keeping leads the normal work appearance organization.(4) lead a circumstance for bringing to the stretch in the adequacy next, can just let up a friction for, reducing and hull.Also benefit to the chain and first runner match and take off the chain.(5) have to bring to the stretch certainly and automatically the function bring to the stretch the device, can to lead a small elongation for changing because of the tension but causing or shorten the proceeding the random regulating automatically, can rise all the function that carry.(6) bring to the stretch device is installs with dismantle to unload must of, lead of organization pack in to transport the machine under the situation of diding not bring to the stretch, after packing into, can pass to bring to the stretch the device check chain a length whether accommodation, whether need to be increased or decrease; dismantle to unload to lead of organization , should will bring to the stretch the device to relax completely, dismantle to unload otherwise work will very difficult proceeding.2.Bring to the stretch the category, characteristics of the device and apply the scopeThe chain type transports the machine brings to the stretch device contain 4 kinds of small car in type, heavy head in pole spiral type, spring coil in pole spiral type, liquid press type. Among them liquid press type few usage, the main introduction in this text applies the more front the 3 kinds of bringing to the stretch the device.2.1 Spiral pole types bring to the stretch the deviceLook the figure 1, in the tail department 2 sides are each to provide with a rightness of spiral pole, adopting the T type thread, the artificial revolves the pole of spiral realizes to bring to the stretch to regulate.It has 2 kinds of sport method: A kind of is blt to fix, the pole of spiral revolves and move in front and back; another a kind of is the spiral pole revolve to do not move, the bolt moves to realize to regulate the function in front and back .Press the pole of spiral to suffer the dint direction, the first method again contain the pole of spiral suffer to press or suffer to pull 2 kinds of forms. Current, in our country chain type transports the spiral pole type of the machine brings to the stretch the device to suffer the press type with the pole of spiral mostly. The spiral pole type brings to the stretch the advantage of the device is a shape size small, the construction is simple, tightly packed, regulate the comparison convenience, dependable .The weakness is occasionally over carry, have no the auto regulate the function; bring to the stretch tail department two lateral the pole of spirals need to proceed the operation respectively, difficult keep synchronous movement, must at two alternative turn to move in sides move the pole of spiral , and regulate each time the deal wants to take into the control then can guarantee synchronously. In addition, because of transporting the machine leads a the piece of organzation the tension is not a stability to settle in movement constant, along with chain a phenomenon for of wear and tear, its length would gradually elongation, therefore needing periodically proceeding check with adjusting, if regulating not appropriately, may appearing over bringing to the stretch or over relaxing. For all that, this kind of form brought to the stretch the device to still get the extensive application.Figure 1 the Spiral pole type brings to the stretch the device( a) the pole of Spiral is suffered by press type( b) the pole of spiral the pull type( c) spiral bolt moves the typeThe spiral pole type brings to the stretch the device to be applicable to transport the distance primarily not long, carry not very, the speed is not high, the material temperature transports the machine for every kind of chain type of the normal temperature .The figure a spiral for showing mother moves the type used for the tail part places narrow and small, the spiral pole moves the inconvenience, regulating the bigger circumstance in route of travel .The better than the pole of spiral in a function for with b can according to needing first a term choosing, among them the pole of spiral suffers the pull type in figure suffers the press type of, stretch out because of its spiral pole head in tail a bitter end outside, design needs to plus a rightness of chains round with 1 chain, can realizes expediently to regulate synchronously then.( the moves a spiral pole, two side spiral poles can move at the same time, guaranteeing synchronous)Usually, choose to suffer the pull type with the pole of spiral more.2.2 spring coil Spiral pole types bring to the stretch the deviceJoin 1 compression spring coil in figure a the pole of spiral for showing suffer press type brought to the stretch device, constituted then the spring coil spiral pole type bring to the stretch the device.( see the figure 2)Figure 2 spring coil spiral pole types bring to the stretch the deviceCompressing the spring coil should accept in the tail axle and spiral pole, namely the pole of spiral is not direct with the bearings link, but add into 1 spring coil betwixt. When move the pole of spiral , pass the spring coil spread the function dint to tail axle to accept ascends to arouse an ambulation. Here, the pole of spiral is a position that adjust, the spring coil is a tiny adjustment, fixing the mother of spiral similar to the function brings to the stretch with spiral pole type the device. Because suffer the construction restrict, the spiral pole type of the other form brings to the stretch, the device cant design spring coil spiral pole type.The spring coil spiralpole type brings to the stretch the advantage of the device is realize certain scope inside of tiny adjust, because of the flexibility of the spring coil, while leading a the piece of organization tension occurrence variety, spring coil or pull to stretch, or compress, can make lead the piece of organization is placed in always a kind of bringing to the stretch the appearance reasonablely, this function is a spiral pole type to bring to the stretch the device cant realize of.In chain type transport the movement of the machine, suffer carry not on an equal footing every kind of conditional influence, lead a the piece of organization the tension takes place the certain variety of the circumstance usually takes place, comparing with spiral pole type, the spring coil spiral pole type brings to the stretch the device can also adapt to this kind of work appearance that transport the machine, as a result more reasonable.Its weakness is function that choice that construction than complicacy, the spring coil must be reasonable, rigid too big or too small all cant rise to should have; because of joining 1 bigger spring coil, will make tail minister degree increased, weight too immediately enlargement.This kind of form brings to the stretch the device to be applicable to transport the distance primarily longer,the carry bigger, the speed inside is above soon, material temperature higher than the situation of the normal temperature.The work leads inside the tension of the piece of organization will change along with the work situation or the accidental factor takes place the some changes, needing to bring to the stretch the device to make to this to respond with the machine, tension increment, the spring coil compresses slightly, making route of travel let up; the tension reduces, spring coil slightly elongation, make route of travel enlargement, to insure chain and tail an always contain enough and big friction, guaranteeing transport the machine normal work.The spring coil spiral pole type brings to the stretch device can than realizes goodly this kind of function, but the pure spiral pole type then cant satisfy this a request.The usage spiral pole type bring to the stretch the place of the device to all can use the spring coil spiral pole type brings to the stretch the device replace, but whereas then not line, this point notices in design with application.2.3 heavy the type of iron ball in small carsThe heavy the type ofiron ball in small car brings to the stretch the device is to will transport the machine tail a small car for of tail axle department installing at one having four wheels last,two per side wheel with 1 orbit, wheel can on the orbit glide, steel wire rope department is on the small car, then rounded the pulley, another on carrying to hang the heavy iron ball, pass the weight auto of the heavy iron ball bring to the stretch the tail round.( see the figure 3)Should bring to the stretch device contain two kinds of forms: A kind of is a ground of last types, having two pulleys, the heavy iron ball arrange on the ground; another a kind of is an underground type, only 1 pulley, heavy ball is in the underground.The heavy ball should make into some pieces, each weight is not proper over big, in order to in increase or decrease according to the tensile variety. Figure 3 heavy the type of ball in small carses bring to the stretch the device(a) upground type (b) underground typeThis kind of bring to the stretch elongation to become the rigid bringing to the stretch for gentle bring to the stretch, it can guarantee tensile settle, can compensate automatically because temperature variety, chain and chains wear away to bring the biggest advantage of the device leads the variety of the part, at the same time can still at fortuity over carry lower the peak load value of the chain.Its operation is simple, only adjusting the weight of the very heavy ball, doing not need then and almost the artificial operate, the province went to the top 2 kinds of bring to the stretch the device usually need the trouble that important person work regulate.The weakness is a space that organization is more huge, construction than complicacy,2 sides need to establish the orbit, occupying bigger.The heavy the type of ball in small car brings to the stretch the device to apply primarily in transport the distance long, carry is big, the chain is soon high and bring to the stretch the route of travel bigger, cause the more circumstance in factor that lead the organization a tension variety, be applicable to transport the higher material in temperature specially.Because the material temperature is high, the variety is big, chain an influence for suffering cold contract in hot bulge, the changes deal of the length is bigger and have no regulation, bringing to the stretch the device must have the auto bring to the stretch to then can adapt to this kind of request with the loose function. If tail an underground type for can establishing in a pit, should choosing with the figure 3 s showing; whereas then choose to use the figure a last type, but compare the former use the one more( sometimes is 2) changing face round .With ex-2 kinds of bring to the stretch the device compare, although the advantage of this kind of form is more, because of its construction than complicacy, build the price high, cover big, opposite less in past usage.3. Bring to the stretch the reasonable usage of the route of travelIn gearing adjust try with usage, to notice the reasonable usage problem that bring to the stretch the route of travel, otherwise, bring to the stretch the route of travel may be not enough to use. While installing, should out the spiral pole turn to move first, let tail a start for being placed in bringing to the stretch route of travel carried, then pack in to lead an amount of usage for, chain all after packing into, regulating to bring to the stretch the device, making first chain within limit bringing to the stretch and acquiring the early tension, transporting machine can then normal work, this timely the check brings to the stretch the route of travel, should make already the route of travel that use not very in half of all route of travels, can mean with the formula for:S1 S/2The type inside S1 brings to the stretch for the very first time already the route of travel that use measures, mm The S brings to the stretch the route of travel total, mmThen can guarantee like this in from now on of work, have to bring to the stretch enoughly the deal can use .If b