初中英语阅读训练.ppt

初中英语阅读训练辅导讲座（一）阅读题型的基本模式及答题技巧行知二中姚春妹2005.2,英语水平是一种能力。英语水平的提高在于听说读写四种语言技能全面的发展。它们相辅相成，相互促进，但一般说来，阅读能力显得尤其重要，它已经成为检验我们学生英语水平和能力高低的重要手段。1。如果不通过阅读掌握一定量的词汇和语法知识，就很难提高听的能力。2。如果不通过阅读掌握足够的语法结构、词汇和语言背景知识，提高口语表达能力也就成了空谈。3。阅读对我们学生写作能力的影响更是十分明显。因为，从各类题材和体裁的阅读材料中获得的语言知识和生活知识是写作的源泉。,阅读测试题型1。判断正误题TrueorFalse2。选择题Choosethebestanswer3。根据短文内容书面回答问题Questions,阅读理解三步曲1。通读全文、把握整体。如遇到不认识的单词或难懂的句子，只要对全文理解影响不大，可跳过再说，待全文阅读完毕，再根据全文的意思以及前后句子之间的时间、因果、逻辑关系等推测它的意思。2。抓住中心、注意开头和结尾。（包括每个段落的开头和结尾句，它们都是表达短文意思的关键。）3。注意方式、准确理解。浏览正误题、选择题-带着问题阅读-确定答案。对短文所提供的线索或暗示，则要进行分析、归纳和推理。,1。中心归纳题对大多数短文（段落）的主题(subject)，中心思想(mainidea)，标题(title)，或作者的写作目的(purpose)，拟题者大概有以下提问方式：1.Thesubjectoftheparagraph(passage)is_.2.Themainideaoftheparagraphis_.3.Fromthepassageweknowthat_.4.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitlefortheparagraph(passage)?5.Whatistheauthorsmainpurpose?6.Themainpurposeofthisstoryistotellus_.7.Theconclusionwecangetfromthestoryis_.,Youspeak,writealetter,makeatelephonecall.Yourwordscarryamessage.Peoplecommunicatewithwords.Butdoyouthinkyoucancommunicatewithoutwords?Asmileonyourfaceshowsyouarehappyandfriendly.Tearsinyoureyestellothersthatyouaresad.Whenyouraiseyourhandinclass,theteacherknowsyouwanttosaysomethingoraskquestions.Youshakeyourhead,andpeopleknowyouaresaying“No.”Younod,andpeopleknowyouaresaying“Yes”.Otherscanalsocarrymessages,forexample,asignatthebusstophelpsyoutoknowwhichbustotake,asignonthedoortellsyouwheretogoinorout.Haveyouevernoticedthattherearealotofsignsaroundyouandthatyoureceivemessagesfromthemallthetime?,Peoplecancommunicateinmanyotherways.Anartistcanusehisdrawingtotellaboutbeautifulmountains,abouttheblueseaandmanyotherthings.Booksarewrittentotellaboutallthewonderfulthingsintheworldandalsoaboutpeopleandtheirideas.Books,magazines,TV,radioandfilmsallhelpuscommunicatewithothers.Theyallhelpustoknowwhatisgoingonintheworldandwhatotherpeoplearethinkingabout.,Choices:Themainideaofthispassageisthatpeoplecommunicate_.withwordsonlyB.inmanydifferentwaysC.inlettersandwithdrawingsD.withsmiles,tearsandhands2.Thebesttitleforthispassageis_.SignsCarryMessagesTheImportanceofCommunicationWords,SignsandDrawingsWaysofCommunication,2。单词、短语、句子理解题这种题型主要测试学生能否通过上下文正确理解某个单词、短语或句子的意思。在确定词汇与语句的内涵时，我们可循下列线索：1）近意线索，即借助上下文判别与确定语意最接近的词汇或句型。2）环境线索，即根据语意的递进、转折、对比等特定语境确定应选的词汇或句型。3）对比线索，即借过度词根据前后两句的意思反差，确定有关词汇或句型。4）思维线索，即根据语段之间的逻辑关系确定有关词汇或句型。,其提问方式有：Theword/phrase“”(inLine,Paragraph)inthiscontextmeans_.2.Theauthorusestheword/phrase“.”tomean_.3.Thesentence“”means_.4.Whatdoestheword/phrase/sentencemean?,TheUnitedStateshaslongbeenknownasameltingpotbecausesomanypeoplefromallovertheworldmakeupitspopulation.ThefirstimmigrantsinAmericanhistorycamefromEnglandandtheNetherlands.Immigrantsfrommanyothercountriesthenbeganarrivingandarestillcoming.Thegreatestnumberscameintheyears1800to1914.Between1820and1973,theUnitedStatesadmittedover46millionimmigrants.MostcamefromEurope,butmanyalsocamefromLatinAmerica,Asia,AustraliaandCanada.meltingpot人种混杂的国家；熔炉,Choices:Theword“immigrants”inthethirdlinemeans_.A.IndiansB.foreignersC.peoplecomingintoacountryfromabroadtomaketheirhomethereD.peoplegoingoutoftheirmotherland2.Theexpression“makeup”inthethirdlinemeans_.A.understandwithdifficultyB.formC.becomefriendsagainD.collecttogether,Ayellowroommakesusfeelmorecheerfulandcomfortablethanadarkgreenone,andareddressbringswarmthandcheertothesaddestwinterday.Ontheotherhand,blackisdepressing.Lightandbrightcolorsmakepeoplenotonlyhappierbutmoreactive.Itisafactthatfactoryworkersworkbetter,harder,andhavefeweraccidentswhentheirmachinesarepaintedorangethanwhentheyarepaintedblackordarkgray.,“Imfeelingblack”means_.Imdepressed.B.Imexcited.C.Imveryhappy.D.Imfeelingwell.,3.计算题Ameteoritealmosthitan80-year-oldmannamedArthurPettifferinBritainwhenhewasworkinginhisgarden.Themeteoritewasthebiggestinthepast26yearsinBritain.Themeteoriteweighedonekilo,andmightbeoverfourthousandmillionyearsold.“Ihearthebignoiseintheair.IlookedupandIsawthetopsofthetreescomingandgoing,”hesaid,“Ididnotknowwhatitwas.”Meteoritesaresmallthingsfromthesmallplanetsinspace.About3,50meteoritesmayfallontheearth,everyyear,butonlyveryfewarefound.Mr.PettiffersmeteoriteisthefifthtofallinBritainsincetheSecondWorldWar.Mr.Pettifferisglad.“Whenyouthinkaboutitcomingsofaraway,itreallyissomethingstrange.”这种题型测试学生能否根据文章中的有关信息进行计算，从而检验学生对文章的真正理解。注意：英文数字的写法。TrueorFalse:()Themeteoritewasalready40,000,000,000yearsold.,4.Details细节理解题Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue(false),accordingtotheparagraph(passage)?2)Inthepassage,whichofthefollowingismentioned(notmentioned)?3)AllthefollowingstatementsareNOTtrue(false)except_.4)Choosetherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage.,WashingD.C.isthecapitalcityoftheU.S.A.TheAmericanleadersmeetandworkinthecapital.Thatiswheretheymakelaws.Thatiswheretheyruntheircountrysbusiness.ButWashingD.C.isnotthelargestcityoftheU.S.A.ThemainbuildingwheretheAmericanleadersmeetalsohasaname.ItiscalledtheCapitol.Thewordforthebuildingsoundslikethewordforthecity.Butitisspelleddifferently.Lookatbothwords.Howaretheirdifferences?TheCapitolisaveryimportantbuildinginWashing.TheearlyAmericanleaderswantedpeopletoseeiteasily.Sotheymadealaw.ItsaysthatnobuildinginWashingcanbehigherthantheCapitol.ThatiswhyWashinghasnotallbuildings.,Whichofthefollowingiscorrect?WashingD.C.isthecapitaloftheU.S.A.WashingD.C.isthecapitaloftheU.K.WashingisthecapitalcityoftheU.S.A.WashingwasthecapitalcityoftheU.S.A.2.Inthispassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTmentioned?TheCapitolisaveryimportantbuildinginWashing.TheCapitolisthetallestbuildinginWashing.TheCapitolcanbeseeneasily.TheCapitolisalsotheoldestbuildinginWashing.,5.Titles标题选择VeniceisalargecityinItaly.Itisnotlikeothercitiesbecauseitisbuiltonmanysmallislands.Betweentheislands,bridgesgoover170canalsorwaterways.Therearenowidestreetsorautomobilesinthecity.Peoplecanwalkdownnarrowlanes,ortheycantakeboats.MailforVenicecomesbytrainortracktotheedgeofthecity.Thentheboattakesthemailtothepostoffice.Inthepostoffice,itissortedforthesixmainpartsofthecity.Thenitisgiventonearly100postmentodeliver.Eachpostmantakesaboatcalled“waterbus”tothepartofthecitywhereheworks.There,hewalksfromhousetohouse.Thepostmancallsoutthenamesofpeople.Thepeopleliveonthesecondandthirdfloorsofahouse.Thesepeoplehave,basketsonlongstrings.Theylowerthestringstothepostman.Heputstheirmailinthebasket,andthepeoplepullthebasketbackup.Thenthepostmanwalksonhisway.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe_.TakingaBoatinVeniceHowtoWalkinVeniceDeliveringMailinVeniceVenice,aCityBuiltonManyIslands把握中心，看清段首和段尾，有时主题句在中间。,初中英语阅读训练辅导讲座（二）根据短文内容书面回答问题行知二中姚春妹2005.2,1。用英语书面回答问题是一个综合性题型。难度较高，需要学生各方面的能力。2。理解全文，注意人物和事件，及事件发生的时间、地点等。3。注意词汇、结构的正确运用，意思表达的简单明了。时刻注意单词的大、小写，单复数和动词的单复数、时态、语态等。,学生考虑：1。怎样才算是完整的句子；2。词与词之间是怎样联系的；3。句子的整体意义是否合理。,Apretty,well-dressedyoungladystoppedataxiinabigsquare,andsaidtothedriver,“Doyouseethatyoungmanattheothersideofthesquare?”“Yes,”saidthetaxi-driver.Theyoungmanwasstandingoutsidearestaurantandlookingimpatientlyathiswatcheveryfewseconds.“Takemeoverthere,”saidtheyounglady.Therewerealotofcarsandbusesandtrucksinthesquare,Sothetaxi-driverasked,“Areyouafraidtocrossthestreet?”“Oh,no,”saidtheyounglady.“ButIsaidthatIwouldmeetthatyoungmanforlunchatoneoclock,anditisnowaquartertotwo.IfIarriveinataxi,itwillatleastseemasifIhavetriednottobelate.”,Completetheanswertoeachquestion（根据短文内容回答下列问题，不超过五个单词）Howdidtheyoungwomangettothesquare?Thestory_.2.Whydidshewanttotakeataxi?Becauseshewantedtobeseengettingoutofthe_.3.Whoattheothersideofthesquarewasprobablywaitingforalongtime?_.4.Theyoungladywas45minuteslate,wasntshe?_.5.Didshetrynottobesolate?No,_.Shewasjustgoingtopretendthatshehadtried.,didnttellusaboutit,taxi,Ayoungman,Yes,shewas,Shedidnt,BillJenkinsworkedinabigofficeinthecity,andgenerallyheusedtogotothebarbersduringworkinghourstohavehishaircut,althoughthiswasagainsttherules,clerkshadtohavetheirhaircutintheirowntime.WhileBillwasatthebarbersoneday,themanageroftheofficecameinbychancetohavehisownhaircut.Billsawhimandtriedtohidehisface,butthemanagercameandsatbesidehim,sohesoonrecognizedhim.“Hello,Jenkins,”themanagersaid,“Iseethatyouarehavingyourhaircutinofficetime.”“Yes,sir,Iam,”admittedBillcalmly.“Yousee,sir,itgrowsinofficetime.”“Notallofit,”saidthemanageroftheofficeatonce.“Someofitgrowsinyourowntime.”“Yes,sir,thatsquitetrue,”answeredBillpolitely,“butImnothavingitallcutoff.”,Whatweretheofficerulesaboutgoingtothebarbers?Clerkshadtogothere_.2.WhydidBilltrytohidehisfacewhilehewashavinghishaircut?Becausehedidntwanthismanager_.3.WhatwasBillsexcuseforbreakingtheofficerule?Hishair_.4.Howdidthemanagerargueagainstthisexcuse?Hesaidthatnotallofitgrewinofficetime.Someofitgrew_.5.HowdidBillanswerthat?Hesaidthathewasnt_.,intheirowntime,torecognizehim,grewinofficetime,inBills/theclerksowntime,havingitallcutoff,OnceNapoleonstayedinasmallinn.Thenextmorninghewenttothanktheinn-keeperforthegoodservice.“Youhaveservedmequitewell,inn-keeper,”saidNapoleon,“Idliketorewardyou.Tellmewhatyouwant.”“Sir,wewantnothing,”saidtheinn-keeper,“butwillyoutellussomething?”“Wehaveheardastory,”saidtheinn-keeper,“Onceduringthewar,theRussiansoldierstookcontrolofafarmhouse.However,youweresleepinginitaccidentally.Youhidyourselfinapileofhaywhiletheyweresearchingforyoueverywhere.Willyoutellushowyoufeltwhentheyweresearchingforyou?”Theinn-keeperlookedatNapoleonsface.Napoleondidntseemveryhappy.Napoleoncalledtwosoldiersstandingclosetohimandpointedtothedoor.Thesoldierstook