高考英语新题型“概要写作”

.,普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语科考试说明,概要写作：提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。（满分25分）,词数少于40的和多余80的，从总分中减去2分,.,评分原则,1、本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。2、评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。3、词数少于40的和多于80的，从总分中减去2分。,.,评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑：(1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；(2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；(3)上下文的连贯性；(4)对各要点表达的独立性情况；,.,Narration（记叙文）,Exposition（说明文）,FormsofLiterature,Argumentation(议论文）,.,1.确定文体thetypesofthepassage,.,Argumentation(议论文）,Topic,Supportingideas,Conclusion,.,概要写作（满分25分）阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。,(Para1)Gettingridofdirt,intheopinionofmostpeople,isagoodthing.However,thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.,.,(Para2)Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryIV,KingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath,thekingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.(Para3)Thoughthebeliefinthemeritofdirtwaslong-lived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet,itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWar.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea;clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite,clothseversofter,surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt,however,gonetoofar?(Para4)Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist(免疫学家),encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatterpositionisgainingsomeground.,.,Thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt,Step1:Read,topicsentence:,structure,supportingideas,Findoutthetopicsentenceofeachparagraph,think,believe,consider,regard,argue,support,beconvincedthat,inonesopinion,fromonespointofview,Youmayneedtopayattentiontosomewordslike:,.,Para2:Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwasthoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryIV,KingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath,thekingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.,ExamplesofsomeEuropeancountries,.,(Para3)Thoughthebeliefinthemeritofdirtwaslong-lived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet,itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWar.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea;clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite,clothseversofter,surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt,however,gonetoofar?,.,(Para4)Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirst-timeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist(免疫学家),encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.Andthelatterpositionisgainingsomeground.,.,Step2:Makeanoutline,Inthe16thcentury,since18thcentury,Peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,hasnolongerbeenregardedascleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth,encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem,.,Step3:Rewritethesentencesinotherways,Thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.,different,mixed,various,反义转换,opinions,views,ideas,同义词替换,Peoplesattitudestodirtvaryindifferenttimes.,towards,句型转换,Peopleholddifferentopinionstowardsdirtovertime.,Theattitudestodirtisnotalwaysthesame.,.,Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease.,Haveatry!,.,Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease.,think:believe,hold,consider,insist,argue,areconvinced.,同义词替换,blockoutdisease:prevent/protect/keepawayfromillness;,Onepossibleversion:Inthe16thcentury,peoplebelievedthatdirtprotectedpeoplefromgettingill.,.,.dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.,washoff,getridof,benefits,isbeneficialto,doesgoodto,contributesto,Onepossibleversion:Peoplebegantochangetheirattitudestodirtabout200yearsago.Peoplehavebeentoldthatwashingdirtoffourbodycankeepushealthy.,.,Nowadays,encouragespeopletoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem.,Onepossibleversion:Nowadays,somescientistsbelievethatexposuretosomedirtmayhelpourimmunesystem.,Peopleareencouragedto,语态转换,beexposedto.,believe,support,agree,approve.,.,Peopleholdmixedopinionstowardsdirtonourskin.,Inthe16thcentury,peopleofsomeEuropeancountries,suchasFrance,believedthatdirtprotectedpeoplefromgettingill.,Peoplebegantochangetheirattitudestodirtmorethan200yearsago.Theyhavebeentoldthatwashingdirtoffourbodycankeepushealthy.,Nowadays,somescientistsbelievethatexposuretosomedirtmayhelpourimmunesystem.,However,Nevertheless/But/however,people,Addtwolinkingwordstomakethepassagecoherent,Step4:Makethesummarycoherent,nowadays,.,Step5:Revise,(67words),Peopleholdmixedopinionstowardsdirtonourskin.Inthe16thcentury,peopleofsomeEuropeancountriesbelievedthatdirtprotectedpeoplefromgettingill.However,peoplebegantochangetheirattitudestodirtabout200yearsago.Theyhavebeentoldthatwashingdirtoffourbodycankeepushealthy.Butnowadays,somescientistsbelievethatexposuretosomedirtmayhelpourimmunesystem.,4“C”:complete,correct,concise,coherent,.,Howtowriteasummary(argumentation),1.Read,2.Makeanoutline,3.Rewrite,4.Makeitcoherent,5.Revise,6.neatlycopy,-Topic,structure,keysupportingsentences,.,Homework,FinishthesummarywritingofthefollowingPassage,.,阅读短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Gettingupearlyhasbeenregardedasagoodhabitsinceancienttimes.Manyyearsago,peoplethoughtthatifwewenttobedearlyandgetupearly,wewouldbeenergetic(充满活力的)thewholeday.So,gettingupearlyisofgreatimportancetousall.Infact,morningisthebesttimeofaday.Inthemorning,theairisthefreshestandpeopleareusuallyinthebestconditions(条件).Manyofusmayhavetheexperiencesthatwememorizesomethingsmorequicklyandaccuratelyinthemorningthananyothertimeoftheday.,.,Ifwedosomemorningexerciseoronlytakeashortwalkinthemorning,wecanbuildourbodiesandbecomemuchhealthier.Alsowewillhaveenoughtimetomakeaplanandgetreadyforourworkorstudyofthedayifwegetupearly.However,ifwegetuplate,wewillprobablyhavetodoeverythinginagreathurry.Letusremembergettingupearlyisagoodhabitandtryourbesttokeepit.Ifwesticktogettingupearlyeveryday,wewillcertainlybenefit(受益)alotfromit.,.,Gettingupearlyinthemorningisagoodhabitandveryimportant,becauseinthemorningwecanhaveabettermemory,healthierbodiesandbetterpreparationfortheday.Inaddition,morningexercisecanhelpuskeephealthy.So,itisbeneficialtous.,参考范文,.,Itisimportanttogetupearlyforpe