2010届高三英语语法填空备考方法

语法填空,针对学生实际的备考方法探讨,Teaching Objects,To analyze: Common mistakes Possible reasons Possible solutions,He is student.He in the classroom study.He by bike to go to school.He is reading under the sun.There are many students study in the classroom.Because he got up late, so he couldnt catch the bus.My hometown happened great changes.,Grammar or not,母语影响大语法观念淡薄,“语法填空”要求考生阅读一篇短文，然后完成10项语法填空。内容包括根据句子的语法结构和上下文连贯的要求填入适当的词语；或使用括号中词语的适当形式填空。“语法填空”考查考生在 上理解并应用语法知识的能力，考试采用填空的形式，而不是选择填空。“语法填空”要求考生必须具备较好的 能力，而不只是语法辨析能力。,题型说明,语法填空,语篇层面,语法分析,考查学生是否能理清句子结构的语法性和句子意义的逻辑性。需分析:句子的构成成分（包括句子的基本成分和扩展成分）；句子成分之间的一致性，比如，主谓一致、时态一致等；句子的篇章制约;句子的意义制约。,考点分析,语境+语法,句子结构的构成：非谓语动词(扩展成分)句子的篇章制约：代词指称句子的意义制约：语境意义,Thirty-two people watched Kitty Genovese 1 being killed (kill) right below their windows. She was 2 their neighbor. Yet 3 none of the 32 helped her. Not one even called the police.,I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car31_(break) down near a remote and poor village. Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to 32_should have the honor of receiving me 33_a guest in their house. Finally, I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house. While she was getting me 34_(settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to 35_small town some 20 kilometres away 36_there was a garage. I had noticed three hens running free in my hostesss courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table. 37_ villagers brought me goats cheese and honey. We drank together and talked 38 _(merry) till far into the night.When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman 39 _the trouble I had caused40_.,broke,who,as,settled,a,where,Other,merrily,for,her,句子结构：谓语,was broken (34); broken (25);,句子结构：分句层次,Whom（36）,句子结构：扩展成份（意义制约）,with (13); for (9);,句子结构：扩展成份,to settle (27); settle (20);,意义制约,the (40);,句子结构：分句层次,from (32); because (13);,篇章制约：代词指称,The (45); Some (40;,merried (9); merries (6) ;,句子结构：扩展成份,what(12); ,篇章制约：代词指称,to(37); before(25);,句子结构：词类转换,Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese peoples daily life.31_ these proverbs there are often interesting stories. For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop32_(help) it grow”, is based on the following story. It is said that a shorttempered man in the Song Dynasty (9601279) was very anxious to help 33_ rice crop grow up quickly. He was thinking about 34_ day and night. But the crop was growing much slower than he expected.One day, he came up with an idea 35_ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day.He was very tired 36_ doing this for a whole day, 37_ he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” 38_(high). His son heard about this and went to see the crop. Unfortunately the leaves of the crop began to wither. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their 39_(nature) course. Being too anxious to help an event develop often 40_ (result) in the contrary to our intention.,Behind,to help,his,this,that,after,but,higher,natural,results,意义制约：意义关系,In (37); And(24);,扩展成份；意义制约,helps(21); helping(7);,篇章制约,the (61);,篇章制约,it(109);,句子结构：分句层次,which(5);,意义制约：语境意义,of(52); to(13);,意义制约：分句逻辑意义关系,and(2);,语境意义；构词,highly(17);,句子结构：词类转换,nature(4); naturely(3);,句子结构：谓语,resulted(33); result(11);,上下文的线索，篇章的连贯。没联系上下文；或联系脱节。语境意识不强。,代词(pronoun),07年 37题：Other villagers brought me goats cheese and honey. 40题： the trouble I had caused her.,08年 33题：anxious to help his rice crop grow up quickly. 34题：He was thinking about this day and night.,均属句子的扩展成份。意义制约固定短语必须能运用自如,介词（preposition),07 年 33题： receiving me as a guest 39题： I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble .,08年 31题：Behind these proverbs there are often interesting stories. 36题：He was very tired after doing this for a whole day.,从句(clause),07年32题：were arguing as to who should have the honor of .36题： a small town some 20 kilometres away where there was a garage.,08年 35题： he came up with an idea that he would pluck up .,一般考关联词；找出谓语动词；分清楚句子层次；,理清分句关系；克服干扰，划掉修饰成分,学会分辨各个非谓语形式所表达的基本意义惯用表达(例只能接动名词作宾语的；只能接不定式作宾语; 动词接不同的非谓语形式作宾补的不同意义等）动词的基本用法（例是否及物动词）,非谓语动词（Non-predicate verbs),07年 34题：While she was getting me settled (settle) into .,08年 32题： “plucking up a crop to help (help) it grow”, ,时态、语态、主谓一致基本时态：一般现在，过去，将来及进行和完成形式（共9种）和它们各自的被动形式。不规则动词的变化形式。,谓语动词(predicate verbs),07年31题： when my car broke (break) down near a remote and poor village.,08年40题：Being too anxious to help an event develop often results (result) in the contrary to our intention.,构词(word-formation),07年38题：We drank together and talked merrily (merry) till far into the night.,08年38题： he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher (high). 39题： let things go in their natural (nature) course.,规则较多; 容易混淆，随意变化词汇知识不扎实。熟悉四会单词的意义、拼写和词性。掌握基本的词形转换。,冠词(article),07年 35题： to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometres away ,除特殊用法外，分清泛指和特指是关键。,意义理解,上下文,并列连词(conjunction),08年 37题：He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher.,比较容易； 关键是理清分句的关系,谓语动词,盲点：,1.篇章的连贯；上下文的呼应；,只见树木不见森林。,缺乏语篇连贯理解的习惯，语境意识不强。,Possible solution:,瞻前顾后；遇到要填介词或代词的题的时候更加要注意从总体上把握全文； 从上下文中去找答案。(Remember: Its a passage!),基本结构扩展成份从句,2.句子结构和层次,基本成分：主、谓、宾、表等。,理清分句关系；分清主次,去掉修饰成分，使句子结构一目了然。,宾补、状语等； 动词词组特定意义的固定搭配固定介词短语,三不：二要：eg: “plucking