2011届高三英语linking words课件

高 三 英 语,Module 10 Unit 1Building the futureGrammar-1Linking words,授课教师：黄 长 泰,Links are needed between sentences to connect the ideas of the sentences to each other. Without these links, it is easy for readers to get confused. These links help readers work out what is going to happen next in a text.,Linking words,The World Food Program, set up in 1963, has three polices: , to save lives in times of crisis by sending grains such as rice; to improve nutritional standards and the quality of life in poor countries; , to help develop the resources of these countries and to help unemployed people because independent.,firstly,Secondly,and thirdly,Passage 2 on page 2,Firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally, now, in the end, etc are time sequence words, which show the order of ideas or actions. They are linking words.,1. Time sequence words (时间顺序关联词语),They show reasons and results of doing something. Common expressions that show cause and effect include for one thing, therefore, so, as a result, etc.,2. Cause and effect words (因果关系词语),Reporter: Why did you organize the concert? Bob: Well, I wanted to raise money for the hungry people.,Bob: Well, for one thing, I wanted to raise money for the hungry people.,It rained, and the football match was postponed.,It rained, and therefore the football match was postponed.,They are also important links between sentences and introduce an idea that is in contrast to the idea mentioned before. Common examples include however, in contrast, instead, on the contrary, nevertheless, on the other hand, etc.,3. Contrasting words (对照关联词语),He is tired; let me go instead.,The news may be unexpected; it is true.,He is tired; let me go.,The news may be unexpected; nevertheless, it is true.,They introduce additional information. Common expressions that show addition include also, on top of something, above all, besides, furthermore, in addition, moreover, etc.,4. Addition words (附加关联词语),He has made up his mind to go to the countryside, and I also. Also present at the meeting are the president himself and his wife. The task is difficult; besides, time presses.,1) Linking words that draw a conclusion, such as to conclude, on the whole, in conclusion, to sum up, in short, etc.To conclude, you should eat healthily and exercise if you want to be fit.,6. Some more linking words.,My son has a good job. My daughter has a good job. In brief, my wife and I do not have to support them financially any longer.,2) Linking words that give an example, such as for example, for instance, in this / that case, etc.I have always been interested in sport, for instance, when I was at school I was in the swimming, running, and tennis teams.A: Theres no milk in the fridge.B: In that case, Ill drink water instead.,3) Linking words that show differences or similarities, such as likewise, yet, despite, in spite of, etc.Tom comes home for lunch twice a week, and his sister Jane does likewise.,I have given her a lot of useful advice, yet she has never taken any.Despite the heavy rain, they left to search for the missing boy.,Read the following sentences (correct wrong sentences),1. Although he is young, but he knows a lot.,去掉Although把 he 改成He; 或去掉 but.,2. Since the day went on, the weather got worse.,Since改为As, 或: With the day going on,3. A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners curiosity unless he reaches the end of story.4. Roses need special care because they can live through winter.,把 unless 改成 until,把 because 改成 so that,5. We wouldnt give up even if we could fail 10 times.6. You should try to get a good nights sleep whatever much work you have to do.,whatever 改成 however,Correct,Exercises1. Finish part A on page 9.,during the 1970s and 1980s;as,therefore;as a result,however;instead;but,moreover,in fact;as long as;still,2. Finish part B on page 9.,.5.6.,so,Firstly,Secondly,Thirdly,However,For one thing,3. Finish part C1 on page 100.,.5.,for one thing,Nevertheless,On top of this,Furthermore,However,Fill in the blanks with proper linking wordsYou will usually encounter new words _ you read. _ there are too many new words for you, then the level is too high _ you should find something simpler. _ if there are ,say, a maximum of five new words per page, you will learn this vocabulary easily. You may not even need to use a dictionary _ you can guess the meaning from the rest of the book _ article (from the context). _ do you learn new words, but you see them being used naturally.,when,If,and,But,because,or,Not only,4. Write a passage Living In The City using proper linking words according to the chart below.,Living in a city has advantages and disadvantages. _, it is easier to find work in a city. _, there are always many choices of public transport. _, there are a lot of interesting things to do and places to see. You can eat in good restaurants, visit museums, go to cinemas and go to parts whenever you want to relax.,First of all,Secondly,Besides,_, living in a city is often very expensive. You must find a well-paid job, _, you will not be able to afford the things you will do. _, the city is always crowded, noisy and dirty. It is very difficult to find a good place where people can enjoy peace and fresh air as in the countryside.,However,otherwise,Whats more,1. Parents should take seriously their childrens requests for sunglasses _ eye protection is necessary in sunny weather. A. because B. though C. unless D. if 2. _ everyone knows about it, I dont want to talk any more. A. For B. Even C. Since D. However,A,C,3. We were in _ when we left that we forget the airline tickets. A. a rush so anxious B. a such anxious rush C. so an anxious rush D. such an anxious rush,C,4. The WTO cant live up to its name _ it dose not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind. A. as long as B. while C. if D. even though5. John may phone tonight, I dont want to go out _ he phones. A. as long as B. in order that C. in case D. so that,C,C,6. The shop doesnt open until 11 a.m., _ it loses a lot of business. A. for B. or C. but D. so7. They were surprised that a child should work out the problem _ they themselves couldnt. A. once B. then C. while D. if,D,C,8. Paul had to write history paper, _ he couldnt find time to do it. A. but B. so C. because D. if 9. Our bodies are strengthened by taking exercises. _ our minds are developed by learning. A. Probably B. Likely C. Similarly D. Generally,A,C,10. Start out right away, _ youll miss the first train. A. and B. but C. or D. while 11. Unlike watching TV, reading is a highly active process _ it requires attention as well as memory and imagination. A. until B. but C. unless D. for,C,D,12. _ I can see, theres only one possible way to k