2011届高三英语名词用法难点突破

高考英语语法运用难点突破专题讲与练,名词用法难点突破,(一）名词概述,英语名词在英语词类中极为活跃，高考主要考查名词的含义、名词与动词、冠词，介词、数词等的得体搭配等。而名词的难点却在于其单复数的变化方式。,（二）名词词类的转换1、个体名词 抽象名词 Our school is not fat from my home. School is over at four in their country. She held some flowers in her hand. The tress are now in flower.,2）,1）,2. 物质名词个体名词 Iron is a kind of metal. Please lend me your iron, will you? He broke a piece of glass while cleaning. He broke a glass at the party and was scolded by his mother.,1）,2）,3. 抽象名词,个体名词,1） Youth is beautiful and we must value it. He is a youth of twenty but he has made great achievement.,4.个体名词物质名词 1） I bought a chicken this morning. 2) Please help yourself to some chicken. 3) I have an egg for breakfast with some milk every morning. 4) Egg is my favorite dish and I dont like meat too much. 5) There is a pine in front of the house. 6) These desks are made of pine.,（三）名词单复数,1.只能加s的名词 (1) 辅音字母加y结尾的专有名词 two Marys; the Henrys; two Germanys (2) 辅音字母加o结尾的名词 tobaccos; photos; pianos 只能加es的名词 (1)以s; x; sh; ch结尾的名词 classes; boxes; dishes; watches 但stomach的复数为stomachs （2) 辅音字母加o结尾的名词 heroes; potatoes; tomatoes3.辅音字母加o结尾的名词可加s, es的名词 zeros; zeroes,4. 以f或fe结尾的名词 1)变f为v加es或s halfhalves; knifeknives; leafleaves lifelives; thiefthieves; wifewives; wolfwolves; loafloaves 2)直接加s beliefs; roofs; safes; gulfs; chiefs; cliffs; proofs 3)可加s也可变f为v加es handkerchiefs/handkerchieves,5.不规则名词复数 abacusabaci/abacuses analysisanalyses bacteriumbacteria basisbases childchildren footfeet manmen (Germans; humans) mousemice oxoxen phenomenonphenomena toothteeth womanwomen,6.一些特殊名词的单复数单数型，单、复数同型名词 a dearfive deer a sheepfive sheep a fishfive fish （a fishfive fishes表种类) a Chinesefive Chinese a Japanesefive Japanese a Swissfive Swiss 2)以汉语音译为单位的词无复数 a lifive li; a mufive mu; a Chinese yuanfive Chinese yuan,3)形似单数，实为复数的名词 peoplefive people policefive police cattlea head of cattle five cattle/five head of cattle,4) 以s结尾，仍为单数的名词 mathematics/maths politics physics,5)以复数结尾的国名，书名作单数处理 The United States is a developed country. The United Nations was organized in 1945. The Arabian Nights is a very interesting book.,6) 以s结尾，单复数同形的名词 means: Every means has been tried. These means are out of date. works: He acts as an engineer in an iron and steel works. Weve built two nuclear power works in our city. species: This is a species of orange. He caught many species of snakes.,7)只有复数的名词 glasses: Your glasses are on your nose. trousers: My new trousers are too long. clothes: These clothes are a little too expensive. noodles: Wanzhou noodles are very delicious.,8)集合名词的单复数 指整体为单数；指成员为复数 family; party; team; group; crew; delegation (1) Many families were broken during the war. (2) These parties are not in favor of the plan. (3) The team has won the final and are now having dinner in a restaurant.,7.物质名词的可数形式 1) 物质名词表个体或种类 Coke is a kind of western food. She gave him a cake at his birthday party. These cakes are a little bit too sweet.,2)物质名词表份数 Our country is famous for tea. Two teas, please. -Two beers and three milks? -No, only one beer and milk, please.,8.单位名词的数,1)有单复数之分的单位名词 piece; cake; bottle; cup; bowl; bag; basket; glass; slice; grain a cake of soapten cakes of soap a grain of riceten grains of rice,2) kind; type; sort表单位 (1)I dont like this kind of apple, but I prefer those two kinds of apple(s). (2)Books of this kind sell well in our shop. (3)The shop sells five types of computer(s).,3)只有单数的单位词 dozen; score; head a dozen of ballsfive dozen of balls a score of birdsfive score of birds a head of cattlefive head of cattle 注意：表示一种不确定的“多”，用复数 I have been there dozens of times. Sheep died by scores that year.,9. 关于作定语的名词的数 1) 名词作定语，一般用单数 a car factoryten car factories a tooth brushten tooth brushes a student activityfive student activities,2)用复数作定语的名词 sports meeting problems page students reading-room talks table the foreign languages department clothes brushes customs papers,3) man; woman; gentleman等修饰名词的数 a man doctorfive men doctors a woman teacherfive women teachers a gentleman scientisttwo gentlemen scientists,10. 单数限定词余复数名词的连用 this; that; another; every等一般于单数名词 连用 Here is another doctor in the hospital. 单复数名词表示整体时可与another, every等 连用 I want to stay for another ten days. I go to see my granny every two weeks.,（四）名词专项训练单项选择The _ of the room were covered with _. A. roofs; leafs B. roofs; leaves C. roves; leafs D. roves; leaves2. There are three _ in our factory. A. woman doctors B. women doctors C. woman doctor D. women doctor 3. Which do you prefer _ or _? A. potatos; tomatos B. potatos; tomatoes C. potatoes; tomatos D. potatoes, tomatoes,B,B,D,4. They are _ of different presses. Now they are having a meeting in one of the _ office. A. editor-in-chiefs; editors-in-chiefs B. editors-in-chief; editor-in-chiefs C. editors-in-chiefs; editors-in-chiefs D. editors-in-chief; editors-in-chiefs5. Do you know the ant as well as the cow has two _? A. stomaches B. stomacks C. stomach D. stomachs6. He doesnt like _ for supper, but his wife does. A. chick B. chicken C. chickens D. chicks,D,D,B,7. It was _ hot weather that many of us went swimming. A. so B. such C. so as D. such a8. _ wonderful space they saw on the room! A. How B. How a C. What D. What a9. We know _ travels not so fast as light. A. sound B. sounds C. the sounds D. a sound10. My family raise a lot of _, including two _. A. cattle; oxen B. ox; cattle C. cattles; oxen D. oxens; cattles11. Be careful! A number of soldiers _ at he camp gate! A. have gathered B. has gathered C. isD. was,B,C,A,A,A,12. The Browns have spent a large _ of money on their new car, though they are living in a small flat. A. deal B. amount C. number D. size13. _ work has been done to improve the peoples living standard. A. Many B. A great many C. A great deal of D. A number of14. At the meeting, Mr. Li shook _ warmly with a friend. A. hand B. a hand C. hands D. the hands15. Two _, please. Im thirsty to death! A. coffee B. coffees C. cup of coffee D. cups coffee,B,C,C,B,16. I cant pay as _ as he asked for. Tell him to lower it. A. high price a B. high price C. a high price D. high a price17. In modern times, _ knowledge of space develops rapidly. A. Mans B. Mens C. Mens D. Persons18. Where were you last night? I stayed at _. A. Xiao Wangs B. Wangs home C. the Wangs D. home of Wang,D,A,A,19. Sister Carrie works in a _ factory, you know. A. shoes B. shoes C. shoe D. shoes20. Have you ever read _? A. today newspaper B. newspaper today C. newspaper of today D. todays newspaper21. Two _ walk didnt made me tired. A. hour B. hours C. hours D. hours22. The lady over there is _ mother. A. Julia and Mary B. Julia and Marys C. Julias and Marys D. Julias and Mary,C,D,D,B,23. Li Mings handwriting is better than _ in the class. A. anyones B. anyone else C. anyones elses D. anyone elses24. The