应收帐款流程.ppt

BestPracticeFinancialProcesses:AccountsReceivable,AccountReceivable-BestPracticeObjectives,AccountsReceivableObjectives,Organisation,People,Processes,Controls,Measures,InformationSystems,Toensurecustomerpaymentsarereceivedefficientlyandeffectivelyforgoods/servicesdelivered,withintheagreedtermsandconditionsTomanagecreditriskefficientlywithoutcreatingunnecessarydelaysinthesalescycleTomaintainacompleteandaccuratestatementofoutstandingdebtorsToprovidecompleteforecastinformationtoassistthemanagementofshort-termcashrequirements,CentralisedprocessingEconomiesofscaleCustomerfocus,EstablishcreditlevelsIssuesalesorderIssueinvoiceMonitorcreditCollectcash,ProceduresmanualAuthorisationValidation/matchingCreditcontrol,CostperinvoiceCreditnotespercentageCostperpaymentreceivedDaysdebtoutstanding,IntegratedwithsalessystemAutomaticmatchingElectronicreceipts,CustomerrelationsLegalframeworkawarenessCreditmanagement,AccountsReceivable-Trends,From,To,SeparateARmodulePaymentbychequeComplex/variabletradingtermsManualmatchingPerformedbyFinancedepartment,IntegratedsystemsElectronicpaymentCommontradingtermsforallcustomersAutomaticmatchingSharedoroutsourcedservices,AccountsReceivable-Measures/CostDrivers,90percentile,Median,10percentile,Numberofcustomerpaymentreceivedperaccountsreceivable,FTEperannum,40,300,5,500,700orless,Accountsreceivablecostpersalesinvoiceprocessed,10percentile,Median,90percentile,1,3,18,Median,1day,90percentile,4days,10percentile,1day,Daystoprocessinvoice/creditnote(ie,timebetweenreceiptofinvoice/creditnoteandentryintotheaccountingsystem),Costdrivers,NumberofARreceiptsLevelofmultiplereceiptsUseofdirectdebiting/standingordersUseofelectricfundstransferLevelofcreditriskassociatedwithcustomerbaseVarietyinpaymenttermsDegreeofforeigncurrencyreceiptsLevelofcreditnotes,Billing-Measures/CostDrivers,90percentile,Median,10percentile,NumberofsalesinvoicesgeneratedperbillingFTEperannum,90,000,11,100,1,600,Billingcostpersalesinvoiceandcreditnoteprocessed,10percentile,Median,90percentile,1,2,22,Median,2days,90percentile,15days,10percentile,1day,Daysfromdespatchofgoodstopreparationofsalesinvoice,Costdrivers,NumberofinvoicesNumberofcustomersUseofEDIComplexityofservice/goodssuppliedVarietyintermsandconditionsComplexityofdiscountsDegreeofforeigncurrencyinvoicingNumberofcomplaintsAccuracy/levelofcreditnotes,AccountsReceivable-Level0ContextDiagram,AccountsReceivable-Level1Overview,AccountsReceivableNotesMaintaincustomerdata,BestPracticeFeaturesSendbilltooneaddressonly.Whereacustomerisprovidedwithgoodsorservicesatanumberoflocations,theconsolidationinthebillingprocessnotonlyreducesthenumberofbillstobeverifiedorcreatedbutalsodecreasesthepotentialneedtoreconcileanumberofreceivablesonindividualaccounts.Centralisethecustomerset-upprocessinordertoensureconsistency.InternalcontrolrequirementsInordertominimisetheriskofduplicationofthedataandtheunauthorisedset-upofcustomers,theprocessshouldbecentrallycontrolledandoperated.Beforeanycustomerisdeletedfromthesystem,evidenceshouldbeproducedthatthecustomerhasbeeninactivefortheappropriateperiodoftimeandnooutstandingbalancesarepresent.Approvalfordeletionisobtainedbymanagementauthoritysignature.Thechangestocustomersreportisregularlycheckedandmonitored.Systemnotificationofduplicatebusinessandbirthregistrationnumbers.,AccountsReceivableNotesMaintaincustomerdata,CostDriversNumberofcustomersNumberofnewcustomersNumberofcustomerchangesNumberofrequiredcustomerstandingdatafieldsPossibilityofsharingstandingdatabaseOverlapbetweendatabasesSearchcriteriaandstandardisationtoavoidduplication/redundancyKeyPerformanceIndicatorsNumberofchangesandadditionscarriedoutinayearperFTENumberofcustomersinop.databasewithouttransactionsfor1yearPercentageofchangesandadditionsoftotalcustomerbase,AccountsReceivableNotesManageReceivables,BestPracticeFeaturesAgeddebitbalancesshouldbereviewedbymanagementonaregularbasisandexplanationssoughtastowhydebtshavefailedtoberecovered.Overduedebitbalancesoccurasaresultanumberoffactorsofsub-optimalperformanceswithinthesalesdepartmentorwithinthecreditcontrolprocessorAR-infonotrecordedfrombankquicklyenoughandthereforenotprocessedquicklyenoughortimingofinvoiceissue.Therootcausesneedtobeaddressedandrectifiedbyalteringthecreditabilitystatusofthecustomer.Automaticflaggingandreportingofhighriskaccounts.Materialityandtimelimits.InternalcontrolrequirementsItisessentialthatdebitbalancesarereviewedregularlyandmatchedwithpaymentspromptlyinordertoavoidtheriskoffraudandminimisethechancesofbaddebt.Computerdiaryofactionstaken.Stopsplacedonoverduecustomers.Ageddebtorreportsenttolegaldepartmentandfunctionalmanagers.,AccountsReceivableNotesManagereceivables(Cont),CostDriversNumberofoverdueopenitems.Numberofstepsinthedunningprocedure.Qualityandtimingofthematchingprocessofreceipts.Availabilityofdunningenforcementmeasures.Tolerancecriteria.Paymenttermsandconditionspolicy.KeyPerformanceindicatorsDaysoutstandingasapercentageofaveragepaymentterm.Valueofoverdueinvoicesasapercentageofoutstandingbalances.BadDebtProvisionasapercentageofoutstandingbalances.Processcost/customerpaymentreceived.Numberofdunninglettersas%oftotalinvoices.Writeoffvalueas%of(sundry)salesrevenue.,AccountsReceivableNotesProcessreceiptsanddirectdebits,BestpracticefeaturesUseofanelectronicinterfacebetweenbank,cashiersandARtreasuryAutomaticmatchingofreceiptsbyvalueandinvoicenumberInternalcontrolrequirementsInterfacecontroltotalwithbankandcashiers,dailyRegularsupervisoryreviewofopenandunmatcheditemsDocumentationofalloverdueopenitemsandunmatchedreceipts,AccountsReceivableNotesProcessreceiptsanddirectdebits,CostDriversNo.ofReceiptsformorethanonetransactionPercentageofdownpaymentsQualityofpaymentinformationNumberofunmatchedpaymentsNumberofforeigncurrencyreceiptsandexchangeratedifferencesTolerancepaymentdifferencesNumberofcriteriaforautomaticmatchingKeyPerformanceIndicatorsMonthlyandcumulativetolerancedifferenceamountsPercentageofreceiptsclearedautomaticallyinmonthNumberofmanuallymatchedreceiptsperFTENumberofunmatchedreceiptsolderthan1month,AccountsReceivableNotesProcessamendments,BestPracticeFeaturesSinglecontactpointforallqueries.Althoughthequeryprocessingcanbedistributedthereareobviousinefficienciesindirectingenquiriestoanumberofcontactpoints.Haveaccesstosufficientdatatobeabletohandlethemajorityofquerieson-line.Inthiscontext,theuseofimageprocessingallowsinvoicestobecalleduponscreenquicklyand,ifnecessary,automaticallycopiedtotheenquirerthroughthemediumofautofax.InternalcontrolrequirementsInordertooperateaneffectivehelpdesk,staffwillrequiretohaveaccesstomostpartsoftheaccountsreceivablesystem.Thisshouldbeonareadonlybasisinordertominimisethepotentialforfraudtakingplace.Targetssetfortimetoanswerqueries.,AccountsReceivableNotesProcessamendments,CostDriversNumberandvarietyofqueriesreceived.Availabilityandflexibilityofstandardscreens.Complexityofdatabasefortailor-madequeries.Responsetimesofenquirysystems.User-friendlinessofenquirysystems.KeyPerformanceIndicatorsAveragetimetakentoprocessqueries.Percentageofqueriesansweredwithintargetedtime.,AccountsReceivab