初中英语语法精讲课件-介词

英语语法专题复习,第六节,介词,6.1介词概述,介词又叫前置语，表示它后面的名词或者代词与其他句子成分的关系。一个或两个介词和其他词类组成一个短语，作用相当于一个介词，叫做介词短语，如becauseof,infrontof等。介词属于虚词，不能在句中单独使用，其后必须有宾语，构成介宾结构。【例】CanyouwriteinEnglish?Hegavemesomeadviceonhowtostudy.Iheardascreamfromabove.,简单介词，常用的有at,in,on,about,across,before,beside,for,to,without等。复合介词，如alongwith,becauseof,infrontof,insteadof等。(1)和动词的搭配，如agreewith,askfor,belongto,breakawayfrom,careabout等。(2)和形容词的搭配，如afraidof,angrywith,differentfrom,goodat(3)和名词的搭配，如answerto,keyto,reasonfor,causeof,visitto等.3、介词短语可以有自己的修饰语，这种修饰语通常有right,just,badly,all,well,directly,completely等少数几个副词。如：Hecamerightafterdinner.Helivesdirectlyoppositetheschool.,6.2介词分类及用法简述,6.3表示时间的介词比较,表示什么时候常用介词at,in,on。1）at用来表示：几点几分的具体时刻或时间点如：atfiveoclockat7:14p.mB.节假日如：attheweekendatChristmasC.固定词组如：atnightatnoonatthemoment,2）on用来表示具体星期几或者某一天（及时段）如：onMondayonJuly1stonaSundaymorningonawarmwinterdayin用来表示在某一段时间如：inthemorninginJulyin2008,()1Childrengetgifts_Christmasand_theirbirthdays.A.on;onB.at;onC.in;inD.in;on()2-Thereisnothing_tomorrowafternoon,isthere?-No.Wecanhaveagameoftabletennis.A.onB.inC.outD.up()3Alotofstudentsinourschoolwereborn_March,1981.A.inB.atC.onD.since()4Tiesuddenlyreturned_arainynight.A.onB.atC.inD.during()5Mygrandfatherwasborn_Oct.10,1935.A.onB.inC.atD.of()6Thetrainisstarting_fiveminutes.A.inB.atC.forD.still()7Mikedoeshisexercises_seven_theevening.on;toB.at;inC.by;ofD.at;on()8Childrenwakeupveryearly_themorningofChristmasDay.A.inB.onC.forD.at()9_acoldwintermorning,Imetherinthestfeet.A.InB.OnC.AtD.For()10Ithappenedtobeverycold_themorningofoursportsmeet.A.atB.onC.withD.of()11Whydidyougetupsoearly_thismorning.A.onB./C.atD.in,()11HewenttoShanghai_September3,1991andcameback_acoldmorninglastyear.A.in;onB.on;inC.on;onD.in;ia()12Lucywasborn_thenightofMay12,1984.A.onB.inC.atD.to()13MrsBrowncametoChina_1996.A.OnB.ofC.to,D.in()14_themorningofNovember20,1915,theworkerscametoChicagotoshowtheirmourning_JoeHill.A.On;toB.In;of.C.On;for,D.At;for()15Annmoved_Hangzhou_September,1992.A./;ininB.to;inC.to;onD,in;in()16Theystartedoff_anautumnafternoon.duringB.atC.inD.on()17Heoftengoes_school_sixthirty_themorning.A.for;to;inB.to;at;inC.to;for;atD,for;at;to()18Hearrived_Shanghai_9:30_March5.fA.at;in;atB.to;on;atC.in;on;atD.in;at;on()19TheEnglishteachertoldmetogetthere_halfpastten.A:inB.atC.onD.of()20Thechildrengetup_6oclock.A.atB.onC.duringD.in,表示期间的介词有：1）during在期间Wetravelledalotduringthesummer.For表示动作持续的时间Ihaventseenyouforalongtime.Over表示过完一段时间Hehadagoodtimeovertheweekend.4）fromto从到ThechildrenwentcampingfromJulytoAugust.表示时间概念的介词有：Beforeaftersinceuntil/tillbetweenby,()1Thedoctorworked_fivehours_arest.A.for;withB.on;withoutC.about;havingD.for;without()2Iworkedontheproblem_alongtimeandIworkeditout_myself_last.A.for;by;atB.in;with;onC.on;by;inD.for;for;atthe()3Anewfactorywillbesetup:_ayear.lotaeA.forB.inC.afterD.on()4Twoyears_hebegantowriteanotherstory-book.A.afterB.later;C.inD.late()5Wewillfinishthepictureaday.A.inB.onC.afterD.on()6Theworkershadbeen_strike_almostamonth.A.on;inB.at;inC.on;forD.on;during()7MrBrownhadlain_theground_fourhoursbeforetheyfinallyfoundhim.A.on;forB.at;inC.on;afterD.in;during,()8Theteacheriscomingback_anhour.A.afterB.forC.inD.before()9Shelivedinthemountainvillage_theyears1940-1950.A.betweenB.duringC.inD.since()10MissWangwillcometoBeijing_twodays.A.afterB.inC.onD.before()11TheAmericanCivilWarlastedfouryearsbeforetheNorthwon_theend.A.byB.atC.inD.on()12Maryhadfinishedherhomework_thetimeIgothome.A.untilB.byC.atD.when()13Westayedatthelab_ourteacherreturned.A.tillB.byC.duringD.while()14Theydidntleavethestation_theygetonthetrain.A.untilB.byC.afteryD.at,6.4表示方位的介词比较,1）at,in,inat表示在某一点，或者地点比较小的attheshop/airport/cornerattheendoftheroadon表示在之上onthewallonhisfacein表示在范围以内intheroom/sky2）before,infrontof和inthefrontofThereisatreeinfrontofthehouse.Hesatinthefrontofthebus.,3）among和betweenTheanimalsusuallyamongthetrees.Youcansitbetweenhimandme4）above和over5）below和under,()1Idontliketosit_Tomsright.Iwouldliketosit_thebackrow.A.on;inB.in;onC.on;atD.at;on()2Thereisabrook_redflowersandgreengrass_bothsides.A.ofwithB.with;onC.of;atD.with;in()3Tomsits_theclassroomwhileJohnsits_theroom.A.infrontof;atbackofB.inthefrontof;atthebackofC.infrontof;atthebackofD.inthefrontof;atbackof()4Lucysits_thethirdrow,_Jimsleft.A.on;onB.in;atC.at;inD.in;on()5Jiangsuis_theeastofChina,butJapanis_theeastofChina.to;inB.in;to.C.on;toD.to;on()6Heputupamap_thebackwallbecausetherewasahole_it.A.on;onB.at;inC.on;inD.on;at()7Thereisadoor_thewall.A.onB.toC.ofD.in()8ThiskindofVCDismade_China.A.inB.fromC.atD.on()9Anyman_eyes_hisheadcanseethathesexactlylikearope.A.with;onB.with;inC.on;withD.in;with,()10Therearesomebirdssinging_thetrees.A.inB.onC.atD.from()11Dontread_thesun.Itsbad_youreyes.A.in;toB.under;forC.with;toD.in;on()12Thewoman_abluedressismyteacher.A.inB.onC.ofD.at()13Therearesomanyapples_thattree.A.inJB,onC.at,D.from()14Theboatispassing_thebridge.A.throughB.belowC.underD.across()15Twoplanesareflying_thecity.A.throughB.over,C.on,D,below()16Wecanseeariverrunningtotheeast_thehill.A.underB.belowC.overD.on()17Doyouseethekite_thebuilding.A.overB.crossC.onD.above,6.5表示原因的介词比较,Because表示原因后接从句becauseof表示原因后接名词或者代词For表示原因，侧重于行为或者感情,6.6介词其他用法比较,(1)beside,besidesbeside意为在旁边，而besides意为除之外。如：Hesatbesideme.Whatdoyouwantbesidesthis?(2)inthetree,onthetreeinthetree指动物或人在树上，而