英语构词法讲解及练习

英语构词法,英语构词法主要有三种：合成、派生与转化。,英语构词法种类,另外缩写和简写也是构词法的一种。,.合成:有两个或更多的词合成一个词。复合名词class+room=classroom(名词+名词)black+board=blackboard(形容词+名词)复合形容词,warm+heart+ed=warmhearted热心肠的good+looking=good-looking相貌好看的world+wide=worldwide世界性的hard+working=hard-working努力工作的,复合动词over+come=overcome克服(副词+动词)复合数词fifty+four=fifty-four复合代词everyone,somebody,anything,nobody(不定代词+名词),复合副词down+stairs=downstairs在楼下(形容词+名词)whole+heartedly=wholeheartedly全神贯注地(副词+副词),2.派生:是通过在词根上加前缀或者后缀构成一个新词。,happy-unhappydevelop-development,前缀一般只引起意思上的变化而不造成词类的变化，只有少数能引起词类的变化。,mis-错误的+understandv.理解-misunderstandv.误解,en+largeadj.大的-enlargev.扩大,后缀一般只引起词性上的变化而不造成意思的变化。,carev.照料-carefuladj.细心的workv.工作-workern.工人,常见的前缀,(A)表示否定的前缀：un-unfair,unhappynon-nonsmoker(常用在n.adj.adv.前)in-inactive(常用在adj.后)dis-disagree,disappearim-impolite,impossible(用在b,p,m开头的词前),(B).表示错误或失当的前缀:mis-misunderstand,misdirect(误导),(C)表示两个,双边的前缀：bi-bicolor(双色的),bicycle表示相互,交互,在一起的前缀interinterview,international,internet(E)表示又,再,重新的前缀rereview,return,rewrite(F)表示远的前缀teletelephone,television,常见的后缀,1.动词变名词：-tioneducation,invitation,prediction-mentdevelopment,movement,disappointment,-erteacher,worker,runner,singer-orvisitor,sailor,tutor,actor,名词后缀补充:-ist(人,名词后缀)scientist,terrorist-ese(民族,语言,名词后缀)Chinese,Japanese,2.形容词变名词-nesshappiness,meanness,carelessness-ityability,possibility,3.名词变形容词：-ywindy,rainy,healthy,funny,cloudy-ishfoolish,feverish-somehandsome,troublesome-ousdangerous,humorous-fulhelpful,careful,peaceful,colorful-lesshomeless,helpless,careless,4.动词变形容词-altraditional,international,natural,-edsurprised,balanced,talented-inginteresting,outstanding,5.名词、形容词变动词：-ifybeautify,simplify-izerealize-enquicken,widen,sharpen,3.转化:是指有一种词类转化为另一种词类。单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切.,watern.水-watervt.浇水,常见的转化形式两种：动词-名词名词-动词形容词-动词,动词-名词stopv.停止-n.车站lovev.爱-n.爱watchv.观看-n.手表lookv.看-havealookn.看walkv.散步,走-takeawalkn.散步lovev.爱-yourloven.爱,名词-动词handn.手-vt.上交seatn.座位-vt.坐nursen.护士-vt.护理oiln.油-vt.上油timen.时间-vt.定时，测时shown.展览,展示vt.表演,演出,形容词-动词slow(adj.慢的)-slow(v.放慢)open(adj.开着的)open(v.开),.缩写和简写:缩写和简写(也被称为截断法或缩短法)主要采取:“截头”,“去尾”或者“既截头又去尾”的方法生成新词.,telephone-phoneairplaneplanelaboratory-labmathematics-mathadvertisementadexamination-exam,另外还有许多缩写词是由各个单词的首字母组成.CD(compactdisk)CCTV(ChinaCentralTelevision)NBA(NationalBasketballAssociation)UFO(unidentifiedflyingobject)UN(UnitedNations)ID(identification)USA(UnitedStatesofAmerica),Ifhehadbeen_(care),hewouldnothavefallenfromtheladder.Itis_(doubt)whetherhewillcome.Myhouseisinaveryquietstreet,soIcanworkherewithoutany_(disturb).Thunderandlightninghappen_(simultaneous).Theweatherwasgoodexceptforan_(occasion)shower.Seeingthathewasworking_(silence)intheroom,Ileftontiptoeatonce.,careful,doubtful,disturbance,simultaneously,occasional,silently,7.Itwasobviousthatallthisinformationwasfarfromenoughto_(satisfaction)him.8.Janehasneverlikedmeat,andhasalwayshada_(preferable)forvegetablesandfruit.9.Weare_(hope)thatweshallwinthechampionship.10.Youmayfindthishardtobelieve,butitis_(undoubted)true.11.Amanw