英语写作(一)Unit-3-The-Better-Word

Unit3,TheBetterWord,Review1.Styleofwords:formal,informal,colloquial2.Styleandaudience3.Chinglish(1)Avoidliteraltranslatione.g.kegumingxindejiaoxun(刻骨铭心的教训）thenever-forgottenlesson(2)Grasptheconnotation(3)Avoidrepetitionofmeaning,UnitObjectives,Attheendoftheunityouwillbeableto:Knowhowtochoosebetterwords,i.e.,wordsthatareconcise,precise,andeffective;Knowhowtousemodiferscorrectly;and,BetterWord,1.Conciseness2.Precisenessusespecificwordsuseconcretedetails3.Effectiveness,Redundancymayresultwhenmodifiersareusedthatdonotaddtothemeaningofthesentence.,Wereallyneedtolistentowhathewouldsay.Weneedtolistentowhathewouldsay.,Moreexamples,Iwassimplytootiredtocleanthehouseafterworkingforawholeday.Iwastootiredtocleanthehouseafterworkingforawholeday.,Redundancymayoccurfromredundantphrasing,ThecriticismsIwillmakearemajoroneswhichoughttobegivencarefulconsiderationbecauseoftheirimportance.ThecriticismIwillmakearemajorones.,Moreexamples,Overtheyears,shebecamesuspiciousthatshewasbeingexploitedbypeoplewhowantedtotakeadvantageofheranduseher.Overtheyears,shebecamesuspiciousthatshewasbeingexploited.,Redundancymayresultifthewriterfailstousepronounsinreferencetopreviousnounphrases,Thevolunteersinthefiredepartmentdeservealotofcredit.Thevolunteerfiremenansweralarmsanytimeinallkindsofweather.Thevolunteersfiremendeservealotofcreditbecausetheyansweralarmsanytimeinallkindsofweather.,Moreexamples,Inlargecitiesschoolteachersareusuallypaidhigherwagesthantheteachersofaschoolinasmallertown.Inlargecitiesschoolteachersareusuallypaidhigherwagesthanthoseinasmallertown.,Redundancymayoccurwhenwordsorphrasesareawkwardlyinsertedratherthanimplied.,OneofthemostdifficultdecisionsIhaveevermadeinmylifewaswhetherIshouldgotouniversityafterfinishinghighschoolornottogotocollegeafterhighschool.OneofthemostdifficultdecisionsIhaveevermadewaswhetherornottogotocollegeafterhighschool.,Moreexamples,Fudanuniversityisaverygooduniversitybecauseofmanydistinguishedprofessorsteachingthere.Fudanuniversityisaverygooduniversitybecauseofitsdistinguishedfaculty.,Redundancymayresultwhenrelatedideasarestatedinmorethanonesentence.Tosolvetheproblem,itisoftenadvisabletocombinethesesentencesintoone.,Peoplewhobothworkfulltimeandgotoschoolhavealotofproblems.Thesepeopledonthavemuchtimeforrecreation.Oftentheyliveundermorepressure.Peoplewhoworkfulltimeandgotoschoolusuallyliveundermorepressurebecausetheydonthavemuchtimeforrecreation.,Moreexamples,Inasmalltownthereareveryfewbusinesses.Andthebusinessesthatarethereareusuallyoperatedonasmallscale.Inasmalltownthereareveryfewbusinesses,whichareusuallyoperatedonasmallscale.,Igotupatsix.ThenIhadbreakfast.AroundsevenIleftforschool.Gettingupatsix,Ihadbreakfastandleftforschoolaroundseven.,Referenceforexercise2onpage31,XianmingHighSchoolhasafacultythatdotheirjobswell.Oneoftherequirementsisatermpaperofthreethousandwordsonasubjectofyourchoice.Collegeisdifficulttoadjusttobecauseyouareleftonyourowntosolvemanyproblems.,AcareerintheArmyhasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.Sodoesthereturntothecivilianlifefromthemilitary.Teenagepregnancyhascreatedalotofcontroversy.,Preciseness,ReadtheparagraphbyJonathanSwiftandseehowheexplainsthetermwar.(page32),Avoidgeneralwordsawful,bad,fine,funny,great,lovely,nice,pretty,thing,wonderfulHehasmanygirlfriends.,UsespecificWords,Laugh:chuckle,guffaw,smile,roar,grin,beam,giggle,etcScientist:physicist,chemist,biologist,astronomer,geologist,mathematician,building(house)cottagehutcastlevillalodgemansion,animaltigerhorsefoxcatmousebirdbutterflysteedmarestallionpony,UseconcretedetailsHehasabighouse.Hehasatwo-storeyedhousewithfourbedrooms,twoliving-rooms,adining-roomandakitchen.Itisreallyabighouseforonefamily.,Classroomactivitiesonpage32,Katesaidshehadaboringtimeatthehomecomingparty.IthinkMr.Brownisanunconvincingspeaker.Thehusbandgavethewifeadiamondnecklaceforherbirthday.TherearecertaintraitsIlookforinjudgingapersonscharacter.,Doexercise2onpage33.,Effectiveness,Dotheclassroomactivities.,Noticethatnoneoftheseadjectivesarelongorcomplicated,yettheyaremosteffectiveandvivid.Thisshowsthatthepoweroferitingdoesnotlieinflowerywordsbutintheuseofthemostappropriatewords.,SummaryforWordChoice(Unit1-3),Usecommonorinformalwordsforgeneralpurposes;useformalornonstandardwordsonlyonspecialoccasionsorforspecialpurposes;Usespecificandconcretewordswhengivingdetails;usegeneralorabstractwordswhenmakingsummaries;Useidiomaticexpressionsandwordsinacceptablecollocations;avoidcombinationsthatareunidiomatic;Whentherearesynonyms,choosethewordthatexpressesthemeaningmostexactlyandthatsuitsthecontentandstyle.,GRAMMAR:MODIFIERS,Doclassroomactivitiesonpage35,Thatwomanwhoislaughingismymother.Finally,theyfoundthetreasurethathadbeenhidden.Thisistheplacethatismostfrequentlyreportedinthepress.Theboywhowasenchantedstaredatthescreen,mouthwideopen.,Doclassroomactivitiesonpage36,DevelopmentofcareereducatorsReadjustmentoftheflighttimetableMoneyproblemsofhigh-schoolarteducationCountryforfamilyvacationThestudyofthegrowthofchildhoodpersonality,Doclassroomactivitiesonpage37,ModifyingtheverbModifyingtheadjectiveModifyingtheadverbModifyingthewholesentence,MisplacedModifiers,awordorphrasethatcausesconfusionbecauseitislocatedwithinasentencesofarawayfromtheword(s)towhichitrefers,MisplacedModifiers,Considerthedifferentmeaningsinthefollowingsentences:,ThedogunderthetreebitCarrie.,ThedogbitCarrieunderthetree.,MisplacedModifiers,Sometimesmisplacedmodifiersareusedforcomiceffect:TheotherdayIshotanelephantinmypajamas.HowhegotinmypajamasIllneverknow.-GrouchoMarx,Howmightyoucorrectthefollowingsentence?,Jennifercalledheradorablekittenop