Walt-Whitman--沃尔特·惠特曼-英美文学PPT课件

.,1,WaltWhitman(1819-1892),Icelebratemyself,andsingmyself,AndwhatIassumeyoushallassume,ForeveryatombelongingtomeasgoodbelongstoyouExcerptfromSongofMyself,.,2,Life,Born:31May1819Birthplace:LongIsland,NewYork.Died:26March1892,.,3,Borninaworking-classfamily,sonofacarpenterAtfour,familymovedtoBrooklyn,NewYorkAttendedpublicschoolApprenticedtoaprinterReturnedtoLongIslandin1835andtaughtincountryschoolsEditedanewspaper,theLong-Islander,inHuntingtonBacktoNewYorkCitytoworkasaprinterandjournalistExperiencedvariousjobsBeganwritinganewkindofpoetry(freeverse),.,4,Whitmansdemocraticideals&individualism,Americasfirst“poetofdemocracy”Whitmansdemocraticideasgovernhispoetry-writing.Inhisfamouspoetry,openness,freedom,andaboveall,individualism(thebeliefthattherightsandfreedomofindividualpeoplearemostimportant)areallthatconcernedhim.Whitmanbringsthehard-workingfarmersandlaborersintoAmericanliterature,attacktheslaverysystemandracialdiscrimination.,.,5,ThethemesinWhitmanspoetry,filledwithoptimisticexpectationandenthusiasmaboutnewthingsandnewepoch.Thewholehard-workingpeopleTheburgeoninglifeofcities.Thefastgrowthofindustryandwealthincities2.IndividualvaluePursuitofloveandhappinessSexualloveTheindividualpersonandhisdesiresmustberespected.,.,6,Americasfirst“poetofdemocracy”WaltWhitmanwasanAmericanpoet,essayist,journalist,andhumanist.ProclaimedthegreatestofallAmericanpoetsbymanyforeignobserversamerefouryearsafterhisdeath.HisLeavesofGrasshasalwaysbeenconsideredamonumentalwork.ItcommandsgreatattentionbecauseofitsuniquelypoeticembodimentofAmericandemocraticideals.Heisthepoetofthecommonpeopleandtheprophetandsingerofdemocracy.,Influence,.,7,Influencesthe20thcenturyworldliterature:Hisworksispartofwesternculture/manypoetsinFrance,Italy,England,andLatinAmericaareinhisdebt.HispoetryalsoinfluencesmodernAmericanpoetssuchasPound,T.S.Eliot,HartCrane,CarlSandburg.,.,8,Thefirstpersonnarrator:“I”thesubjectinthepoem,“you”thereaderInvitesustoparticipateintheprocessofsympatheticidentification.Style:freeverse,ImportantFeaturesinWhitmansPoems,NofixedrhymeandschemeAlooserandopen-endedsyntacticalstructureThehabitofusingsnapshots（快照）UseofconversationalimageStrongtendencytouseoralEnglishVocabulary-powerful,colorful,rarely-usedwordsofforeignorigin,wrongwordsSentences-differentlengths,disturbed,separate,.,9,RhymearhythmofthoughtcadencesofhisfeelingParallelismTorepeattheideainthelineswithminorchangesinwording(thelineistherhythmicalunit)PhoneticrecurrenceRepetitionofthefirstwordsandphrases,.,10,works,LeavesofGrassSongsofMyselfTherewasaChildWentforthIhearAmericasiningDrumTaps,.,11,LeavesofGrass,Whitmansoriginalityfirstinhisuseofthepoeticformfreeverse(i.e.poetrywithoutafixedbeatorregularrhymescheme)Thefirstversionofhismasterpiece,LeavesofGrass,appearedin1855.EmersonpraisedWhitmanspoetryas“themostextraordinarypieceofwitandwisdomthatAmericahasyettocontribute.”,.,12,LeavesofGrass,WaltWhitmanhasdevotedallhislifetothecreationofthe“single”poem,LeavesofGrass.Theworkhasnineeditions.Inthisgiantwork,openness,freedom,andindividualismareallthatconcernedhim.Hispurposeistoexpresssomenewpoeticalfeelingsandtoinitiateapoetictraditioninwhichdifferenceshouldberecognized.Hewantedtobehaveasasupremeindividualist.,.,13,LeavesofGrass,MostofthepoemsinLeavesofGrasssingofthe“en-masse”andtheselfaswell.Whitmanalsogivesemphasistothephysicaldimensionoftheselfandopenlycelebratessexuality.Pursuitofloveandhappinessisapprovedofrepeatedlyaffectionatelyinhislines.Iftwopersonsarereallyinlove,“whatistouswhattherestdoorthink?”Theindividualpersonandhisdesiresmustberespected.Obviously,Whitmanssexualthemesarebeyondthephysical.,.,14,SongofMyself,SongofMyselfwasoriginallypublishedinthe1855editionofLeavesofGrassinwhichitwasthefirstoftwelvepoems.Atthetimethispoemwasuntitled,in1881Whitmangavethepoemitsfinalname:SongofMyself.InSongofMyself,Whitmanbelievedthattwopeoplecouldbe“twainyetone”,theirpathscouldbedifferent,andyettheycouldachieveakindoftranscendentcontact.SongofMyselfisahistoryofthepoetsmovementfromloafingindividualtoactivespirit.,.,15,DrumTaps,InMay1865WaltbeganprintinghisCivilWarliterature,entitledDrum-Taps.SomeofWhitmanspoemsarepoliticalcommitted.BeforeandduringtheCivilWar,hestoodfirmlyonthesideofthe